Date: April 30, 2024 Tue

Time: 1:11 am

Results for domestic violence

400 results found

Author: Decker, Scott H. Title: A Statewide Profile of Abuse of Older Women and the Criminal Justice Response Summary: This report examines Rhode Island's population of all women 50 and over who were victims of domestic violence reported to law enforcement over an entire year, offering a more complete profile of older women abuse, their abusers, the abuse, and the response of state authorities to their reported abuse. Details: Budbary, MA: Advocates for Human Potential, Inc, 2008 Source: National Institute of Justice Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116300 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Female Victims Rhode Island

Author: Bhattacharya, Manasi Title: Marital Violence and Women's Employment and Property Status: Evidence from North Indian Villages Summary: This paper draws on testimonies of men and women and data gathered from rural Uttar Pradesh, to examine the effect of women's employment and asset status as measured by their participation in paid work and their ownership of property, respectively, on spousal violence. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2009 Source: IZA Discussion Paper No. 4361 Year: 2009 Country: India URL: Shelf Number: 116387 Keywords: Domestic Violence Employment Female Victims

Author: Howard, Jo Title: It All Starts At Home: Male Adolescent Violence to Mothers: A Research Report Summary: This research paper examines male adolescents' abuse and violence to their sole parent mothers. It gathers qualitative data from ten women, from a range of cultural backgrounds to gain a comprehensive understanding of their experiences of the abuse and violence from their sons. Details: St. Kilda, Victoria, Australia: Inner South Community Health Service, 2008 Source: Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 115206 Keywords: Adolescent Males Domestic Violence Female Victims

Author: Robertson, Neville Title: Living at the Cutting Edge: Women's Experiences of Protection Orders. Volume 1: The Women's Stories Summary: This report examines the experiences of 43 Maori, Pakeha, Pasifika and other ethnic minority women who were victims of male partner violence, the impact of violence on them and their children, and their experiences of the justice system when they reached out for protection. Details: Waikato, NZ: University of Waikato, 2007 Source: Commissioned by the Ministry of Women's Affairs Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 115684 Keywords: Domestic Violence Female Victims Indigenous Peoples

Author: Robertson, Neville Title: Living at the Cutting Edge: Women's Experiences of Protection Orders. Volume 2: What's To Be Done? A Critical Analysis of Statutory and Practice Approaches to Domestic Violence Summary: This report examines the experiences of 43 Maori, Pakeha, Pasifika and other ethnic minority women who were victims of male partner violence, the impact of violence on them and their children, and their experiences of the justice system when they reached out for protection. Details: Waikato, NZ: University of Waikato, 2007 Source: Commissioned by the Ministry of Women's Affairs Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 115684 Keywords: Domestic Violence Female Victims Indigenous Peoples

Author: Crowe, Ann H. Title: Community Corrections Response to Domestic Violence: Guidelines for Practice Summary: This document provides a series of guidelines for community corrections professionals that support a proactive community supervision approach for domestic violence cases. Readers of this document will find a recommended course of action that can be used to achieve the three central goals of this document: 1) increased safety and autonomy for victims of domestice violence; 2) heightened accountability for offenders who commit initmate partner violence, and 3) promoting changes in offender behavior and thinking patterns. Details: Lexington, KY: American Probation and Parole Association, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 115376 Keywords: Community Corrections Domestic Violence

Author: Klien, Andrew Title: Evaluation of the Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Grant Program Special Initiative: Faith-Based and Community Organization Pilot Program: Rural Pilot Program Summary: This report presents the methodology and findings of an evaluation of the Office of Violence Against Women's (OVW's) Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Grant Program Special Initiative: Faith-Based and Community Organization Pilot Program (Rural Pilot Program), which was designed to reach out to small faith-based and community-based organizations (FBCO) that were not already addressing domestic violence. Details: Sudbury, MA: Advocates for Human Potential, Inc.: 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116210 Keywords: Communities Domestic Violence Rural Crime Victimization

Author: Levin, Cecilia Friedman Title: Insult to Injury: Violations of the Violence Against Women Act Summary: The authors of this report find that a significant number of domestic violence victims have faced discrimination when applying for housing. Further findings indicate the domestic violence victims are routinely evicted from housing for reasons directly related to the actions of their abusers. Details: Washington, DC: National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 115793 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homelessness Victims

Author: National Council to Reduce Violence Against Women and Their Children Title: The Cost of Violence Against Women and Their Children Summary: Violence against women and their children carries a very large economic cost to society. This report projects the costs of domestic violence in Australia to 2021, with the aim of providing decision-makers with a sense of the scale of this problem and its impact on society. Details: Canberra: National Council to Reduce Violence Against Women and Their Children, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116529 Keywords: Costs of Crime Costs of Criminal Justice Domestic Violence

Author: Rosenberg, Ruth Title: Domestic Violence in Europe and Eurasia Summary: The objective of this assessment is review domestic violence in USAID countries in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to describe the extent to which domestic violence is a problem in each country, with a focus on presenting available quantitative and statistical information; describe the services and support available for victims of domestic violence in each country; and make recommendations regarding the countries where intervention is most needed and the kinds of programming that USAID could undertake. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2006 Source: Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 115783 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intervention Programs

Author: Dallakyan, Ani Title: Report on Nationwide Survey Findings: Domestic Violence and Abuse of Women in Armenia Summary: This document reports on a survey undertaken by the Turpanjian Center for Policy Analysis in order to provide information for the development of the activities of the Women's Rights Center in the prevention of domestic violence against women. The purpose of the nationwide Armenian study is to determine women's attitudes towards domestic violence against women and understanding about its causes and solutions, and to assess the extent of domestic violence and abuse of women in Armenia. It is also aimed at revealing the recent incidents of physical abuse of women at home. Details: Yerevan, Armenia: Women's Rights Center, 2007 Source: Year: 2007 Country: Armenia URL: Shelf Number: 117380 Keywords: Domestic Violence Female Victims Violent Crime

Author: Roos, Mari-Ann Title: Analysis of the Criminal Justice System of Albania: Report by the Fair Trial Development Project Summary: This analysis of the criminal justice system of Albania addresses the following issues: rights during pre-trial detention; rights to an effective defense; two case studies (Revenge for Albania Justice Case and a corruption case); domestic violence and the criminal justice system; transparency and access to information; and efficient trails and witness issues. Details: Tirana, Albania: OSCE, 2006. 245p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2006 Country: Albania URL: Shelf Number: 111760 Keywords: Corruption Domestic Violence Due Process Pretrial Detention Trials

Author: Fish, Ellen Title: Bad Mothers and Invisible Fathers: Parenting in the Context of Domestic Violence Summary: This discussion paper reviews research on mothering and fathering in the context of domestic violence. The paper draws on recent research from the United Kingdom, North America and Australia to illuminate how domestic violence affects women's abilities to mother a couple's children and how mothering in such situations can trap women in gendered violence. Details: Collingwood, VIC: Domestic Violence and Incest Resource Centre, 2009. 50p. Source: Discussion Paper No. 7 Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 116307 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Family Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: Lehrer, Evelyn Title: Religion and Intimate Partner Violence in Chile: Macro- and Micro-Level Influences Summary: The Catholic Church has had a strong influence on the Chilean legal and social landscape in ways that have adversely affected victims of intimate partner violence; e.g., it succeeded until just five years ago in blocking efforts to legalize divorce. At the same time, quantitative studies based on survey data from the United States and other countries show a generally favorable influence of religion on health and many other domains of life, including intimate partner violence. This study explores the puzzle posed by these seemingly opposing macro- and micro-level forces. Results based on data from the 2005 Survey of Student Well-Being, a questionnaire on gender based violence administered to students at a large public university in Chile, show that moderate or low levels of religiosity are associated with reduced vulnerability to violence, but high levels are not. This non-linearity sheds light on the puszzle, because at the macro level the religious views shaping Chile's legal and social environment have been extreme. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource; IZA Discussion Paper No. 4067 Year: 2009 Country: Chile URL: Shelf Number: 113963 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence (Chile) Religion

Author: Lyon, Eleanor Title: Meeting Survivors' Needs: A Multi-State Study of Domestic Violence Shelter Experiences Summary: This study of domestic violence shelters in eight states was designed to help fill a gap in current knowledge about the range of services provided, the needs and experiences of survivors who have turned to shelters for help, and the types of help they received. Details: Unpublished report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice. 2008. 140p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 114598 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Shelters Victims of Crime, Services for

Author: Knaggs, Trish Title: The Manukau Family Violence Court: An Evaluation of the Family Violence Court Process Summary: The family violence courts in New Zealand are a judicial initiative. The Manukau Family Violence Court, the focus of this evaluation, was established to address systemic delays in responding to family violence occurring in the Manukau District Court. This evaluation sought to identify aspects of this court process which were working well and those which required improvement, as well as to consider the extent to which the Manukau Family Violence Court was meeting its objectives. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2008. 110p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 118541 Keywords: Courts (New Zealand) Domestic Violence Family Violence Courts (New Zealand)

Author: Hindin, Michelle J. Title: Intimate Partner Violence among Couples in 10 DHS Countries: Predictors and Health Outcomes Summary: This report analyzes data from 10 recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS): Bangladesh (2004), Bolivia (2003/2004), the Dominican Republic (2002), Haiti (2005), Kenya (2003), Malawi (2004), Moldova (2005), Rwanda (2005), Zambia (2001/2002), and Zimbabwe (2005/2006). The first part of the report provides prevalence estimates of violence experienced by women within couples who were in marital or cohabiting partnerships at the time of the DHS survey. Next, the report uses characteristics of both women and their husbands/cohabiting partners and characteristics of their relationship, household, and community to evaluate which currently partnered women are most at risk. The final part of the report looks at health outcomes potentially related to women's experience of intimate partner violence. The report focuses on currently married or cohabiting women age 20-44. In addition, the correlates of violence analysis is restricted to couples in which both partners were interviewed; this restriction does not, however, apply to the section on the analysis of health outcomes. Details: Calberton, MD: Macro International Inc., 2008. 78p. Source: Internet Resource; DHS Analytical Studies No. 18 Year: 2008 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 113243 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: Braaf, Rochelle Title: Domestic Violence Incident Peaks: Seasonal Factors, Calendar Events and Sporting Matches Summary: This paper reports on a study about the possible relationships between reported domestic violence incidents and seasonal changes, calendar and football events. The study reviewed relevant international research to investigate claims around correlations between these variables. An analysis was then made of three years of domestic violence statistics from Australian states and territories, for which data were available. The analysis of Australian domestic violence data identified a correlation between higher numbers of reported domestic violence incidents and summer months and some calendar events (i.e. New Year's Day and Melbourne Cup). Australia Day, Easter, ANZAC Day and the Queen's Birthday were associated with small increases in the NSW data. No correlation between domestic violence figures and major football matches was identified in the Australian data, although it may be that the fortunes of local teams have local effects. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2007. 20p. Source: Internet Resource; Stakeholder Paper 2 Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 118714 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Seasonal Variations Sporting Events

Author: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Title: Handbook on Effective Police Responses to Violence Against Women Summary: Volence against women is a global issue of pandemic proportions, which has an impact on all societies. Violent practices against women take many different forms, which vary from country to country according to cultural, social and religious contexts and between different regions within countries. Equally, women do not form a homogenous group. Differences in ethnicity, social status, religion and age mean that women experience similar acts of violence differently. In particular, some groups of women are more vulnerable to violence and therefore require special treatment and support services. Police have long been under criticism for not doing enough to protect women from violence and for an often apathetic attitude towards the problem. This handbook is designed to assist police officers by familiarizing them with relevant international laws, norms and standards relating to violence against women and informing them about some promising practical approaches to effective police response to acts of violence against women. Details: New York: United Nations, 2010. 97p. Source: Internet Resource; Criminal Justice Handbook Series Year: 2010 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 118808 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Policing Violence Against Women

Author: Haas, Stephen M. Title: Project Safe Neighborhoods in West Virginia: Selected Findings from Gun Crime and Domestic Violence Initiatives Summary: This report describes West Virginia's Project Safe Neighborhoods, a federal initiative aimed at reducing gun violence in local communities through coordinated strategic planning. Distinct gun violence problems were identified by West Virginia's two judicial districts and each took a slightly different approach to implementing Project Safe Neighborhoods. However, the primary intervention in each district was the development of a media campaign based on deterring gun violence through awareness of federal firearms laws. Details: Charleston, WV: Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center, Division of Criminal Justice Services, Department of Military Affairs and Public Safety, 2007. 48p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119163 Keywords: Crime Prevention Domestic Violence Firearms Gun Violence Media Campaigns Project Safe Neighborhoods (West Virginia)

Author: IMAS, Inc. Title: Women At-Risk in the Republic of Moldova: National Representative Survey Summary: Two of the Republic of Modova's greatest human rights concerns today include domestic violence and trafficking in persons. With this in mind, between May and June of 2005, Winrock International, working in collaboration sith IMAS Inc., commenced a study in which face-to-face interviews were conducted among 1,030 women from between the ages of 16 and 35 throughout the country. One of the primary objectives of the study was to identify the profiles of women who are vulnerable to becoming victims of trafficking. At the same time, the study evaluates levels of domestic violence across a wide spectrum of the population and its inter-relationship with the phenomenon of trafficking. Details: Chisenau, Republic of Moldova: IMAS Inc. and Winrock Interntational, 2005. 113p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2005 Country: Moldova URL: Shelf Number: 117705 Keywords: Domestic Violence Human Rights Human Trafficking Sexual Exploitation

Author: Great Britain. Taskforce on the Health Aspects of Violence Against Women and Children Title: Responding to Violence Against Women and Children - The Role of NHS Summary: The violence and abuse experienced by women and children every day in the U.K. is an urgent problem that must be addressed by all, and by our institutions - including the National Health Service. This report describes the key issues identified by women and children themselves, and by National Health Service staff as well as by experts from a wide range of interested bodies, and sets out a number of recommendations to address these issues. To support the work of the taskforce steering group, four sub-groups were set up covering: domestic violence; sexual violence against women; child sexual abuse; and harmful ttraditional practices such a forced marriage, female genital mutilation, honour-based violence and human trafficking. The reports from these sub-groups are included. Details: London: The Taskforce, 2010. 64p.; supplements Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119183 Keywords: Child Abuse Child Maltreatment Child Sexual Abuse Domestic Violence Family Violence Health Services Victims of Crimes, Services For Violence Against Women (U.K.)

Author: Gancheva, Yordanka Title: The Costs of Domestic Violence Against Women in fyr Macedonia: A Costing Exercise for 2006 Summary: This costing exercise represents the first attempt to estimate the cost of domestic violence against women in the Republic of Macedonia. The study provides the idea and the model for estimating the costs of domestic violence against women as well as the type of information needed for the estimation. It covers costs incurred by government as well as costs incurred by non-governmental organizations offering services and costs to the women victims and those who assist them. Details: Skopje: Economic Policy Research Institute, 2008. 97p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: Macedonia URL: Shelf Number: 119225 Keywords: Costs of Crime Domestic Violence Victims of Crime Violence Against Women

Author: New Zealand Families Commission Title: Family Violence: Statistics Report Summary: This report brings together New Zealand's family violence statistics to establish a baseline against which future trends can be measured. Details: Wellington, NZ: Family Commission, 2009. 288p. Source: Internet Resource; Research Report No. 4/09 Year: 2009 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 119211 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Council of Europe. Directorate General of Human Rights, Gender Equality and Anti-Trafficking Division Title: Final Activity Report: Council of Europe Task Force to Combat Violence Against Women, Including Domestic Violence (EG-TFV) Summary: The aim of the Task Force was to identify measures that had proved effective at national and international level in preventing and combating violence against women, including domestic violence, and to make recommendations on their use in the Council of Europe member states at large. To this end, it has reviewed new policies and practices in this field and has identified measures taken in several member states in terms of legislation, support services and data collection, in order to discern general trends in preventing and combating violence against women. It makes recommendations in all these fields and identifies priority areas for future action by all member states as well as the Council of Europe. Furthermore, it has taken into account the Council of Europe’s previous work in addressing men’s involvement in combating violence against women and has addressed the issue of men’s multiple roles in this field. Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2008. 99p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: Europe URL: Shelf Number: 119229 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Rape Sexual Assault Violence Against Women

Author: Chisholm, Richard Title: Family Courts Violence Review Summary: The Family Courts Violence Review considered whether improvements could be made to ensure that the federal family law courts provide the best possible support to families who have experienced or are at risk of violence. The review focused on the laws, practices and procedures that apply in family law cases that raise family violence concerns. While not directly relating to shared parenting or shared care, all aspects of family law and court practice and procedures were considered to the extent they impact on the federal family law courts’ response to the needs of families affected by family violence. Details: Canberra: Attorney General's Department, 2009. 275p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 117758 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Law Courts Family Violence

Author: Bhana, Kailash Title: Now We Have Nothing: Exploring the Impact of Maternal imprisonment on Children Whose Mothers Killed an Abusive Partner Summary: This study draws on the life experiences of 16 children whose mothers are serving long prison sentences at Johannesburg Central Prison for killing their abusive partners. The study concludes that long-term imprisonment for the mother is not in the child's best interest. Details: Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence & Reconciliation, 2001. 43p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2001 Country: South Africa URL: Shelf Number: 117756 Keywords: Children of Prisoners Domestic Violence Family Violence Women Prisoners, Family Relationships

Author: Melton, Ada Pecos Title: Final Report: Participatory Evaluation of the Tribal Victim Assistance Programs at the Lummi Nation and Passamaquaddy Tribe Summary: This report summarizes the results of process evaluations of two tribal victim assistance (TVA) programs - the Lummi Victims of Crime (LVOC) Program in Washington State and the Passamaquoddy Tribal Victim Outreach Advocate (TVOA) Program in Maine - both of which are federally funded “on-reservation” victim assistance programs intended to provide permanent, accessible, and responsive crime-victim assistance services on tribal lands. The evaluation focus was: 1) to examine the process used by each TVA Program to address identified problems; 2) to determine how well the TVA programs fit or met victim needs in each tribal community; 3) to understand the program impact on clients; and 4) to identify possible outcomes achieved by the program. Details: Final report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice Source: Internet Resource Year: 0 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117346 Keywords: American Indians Domestic Violence Victim Services Victims of Crime Violence Against Women

Author: Bullock, Karen Title: The Delivery of Domestic Abuse Programmes: An Implementation Study of the Delivery of Domestic Abuse Programmes in Probation Areas and Her Majesty's Prison Service Summary: This study explored the delivery of accredited programmes for domestic violence offenders in custody and community settings – specifically to assess the extent to which these programmes were being implemented as intended. The study found that many aspects of the programmes were delivered as intended, particularly the main group work element, as well as identifying further strengths and weaknesses in programme delivery and will be useful in developing best practice. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource; Ministry of Justice Research Series 15/10 Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119344 Keywords: Correctional Programs Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Offenders Probation

Author: MacLeod, Dag Title: Batterer Intervention Systems in California: An Evaluation Summary: The study encompasses five California counties, 53 batterer intervention programs that provided client data, and over 1,000 men enrolled in batterer intervention programs. The study found that the strongest predictors of success in treating offenders convicted of a criminal domestic violence offense were the individual characteristics of the offenders, not the features of batterer intervention programs of the attributes of the court jurisdiction. Details: Sacramento: Judicial Council of California, Administrative Office of the Courts, Office of Court Research, 2008. 136p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 119376 Keywords: Battered Women Batterer Intervention Programs Domestic Violence

Author: Duvvury, Nata Title: Costs of Intimate Partner Violence at the Household and Community Levels: An Operational Framework for Developing Countries Summary: Violence in intimate partner relationships is the most common form of gender-based violence experienced by women across the globe. However, while domestic violence exacts an enormous toll on society, putting a dollar figure on the actual cost is difficult. This paper attempts to develop an operational framework for estimating economic costs of domestic violence in developing countries. Details: Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women, 2004. 42p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2004 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 119278 Keywords: Costs of Crime Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Chisholm, Richard Title: Family Courts Violence Review Summary: The Australian Attorney-General commissioned a review of the practices, procedures and laws that apply in the federal family law courts in the context of family violence. The Family Courts Violence Review considered whether improvements could be made to ensure that the federal family law courts provide the best possible support to families who have experienced or are at risk of violence. The review focused on the laws, practices and procedures that apply in family law cases that raise family violence concerns. While not directly relating to shared parenting or shared care, all aspects of family law and court practice and procedures were considered to the extent they impact on the federal family law courts’ response to the needs of families affected by family violence. Details: Barton, ACT: Australian Government Attorney-275p. General's Department, 2009. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 117758 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Law Courts Family Violence

Author: Labriola, Melissa Title: National Portrait of Domestic Violence Courts Summary: A growing number of criminal courts nationwide handle domestic violence cases on separate calendars, termed domestic violence courts. There are now 208 confirmed domestic violence courts across the U.S. More than 150 similar projects have been established internationally. Some domestic violence courts emerged in the context of the broader “problem-solving court” movement and share characteristics with other specialized courts, such as separate dockets and specially trained judges. However, the origins of domestic violence courts are also distinct, growing out of the increased attention afforded domestic violence matters by the justice system over the past 30 years. This study explores how criminal domestic violence courts have evolved, their rationale, and how their operations vary across the U.S. Details: New York: Center for Court Innovation, 2009. 161p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117636 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Courts Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: McGregor, Kiah Title: National Community Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women Survey 2009: Changing Cultures, Changing Attitudes - Preventing Violence Against Women. Project Technical Report and Summary of Findings Summary: The survey involved approximately 13,000 men and women from across Australia. It included Indigenous Australians, people from culturally diverse communities and a sample of 16- and 17-year old respondents. The design of these components was supported by an Advisory Group to ensure the research approach was methodologically, ethically and culturally sound. The survey establishes a contemporary baseline upon which to improve our understanding of factors leading to the formation of community attitudes on violence against women, and will help to inform the design and implementation of future prevention interventions that will address violence against women across our communities. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2009. 80 p.; 208p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119473 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Brame, Robert Title: The Impact of Proactive Enforcement of No-Contact Orders on Victim Safety and Repeat Victimization Summary: This study examined the impact of proactive enforcement of court-imposed no-contact orders (NCOs) on offender behavior and victim safety in cases of misdemeanor domestic violence. The major research goals and objectives were to assess whether proactive enforcement: (1) increased victim knowledge about no-contact orders; (2) reduced contact between offenders and victims; and (3) increased victim safety and promoted well-being. Details: Unpublished report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2009. 131p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2018 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228003.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228003.pdf Shelf Number: 117133 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Repeat Victimization Restraining Orders Violence Against Women

Author: Soloman, Susan Title: Domestic Abuse 2008/09: Post Campaign Evaluation Report Summary: The Scottish Government, working under the Safer Scotland superbrand, has conducted an annual Domestic Abuse campaign for the past 11 years, focussing on the key message 'Domestic Abuse - there's no excuse'. Since initiation of the campaign in 1998 there have been 11 waves of post-campaign evaluation, tracking attitudes and perceptions towards domestic abuse and the media executions. This most recent wave (Wave 12) marked a change in approach, with the main message being that there is help out there for people who find themselves in abusive situations. This was supported by the introduction of a new TV advert - 'I Soar'. Given the nature of the objectives and target audience for the research, and the need for comparability, an omnibus approach was considered to be most appropriate method, with mruk's monthly in-home Scottish CAPI omnibus being utilised. The questionnaire was based directly on the previous wave to ensure comparability, with additional questions directly related to the most recent advertising campaign being included. Those parts of the questionnaire thought to be particularly sensitive were completed by the respondents themselves, directly into CAPI machines. This report presents the findings of the evaluation. Details: Edinburgh: Scotland Government Social Research, 2009. 31p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 116688 Keywords: Abuse Domestic Violence Public Opinion Publicity

Author: Ringland, Clare Title: Factors Which Influence the Sentencing of Domestic Violence Offenders Summary: This report shows the pattern of sentencing for a range of domestic violence offences in the NSW Local and District Criminal Courts, and identifies the characteristics which influence whether offenders guilty of domestic violence related assault receive a sentence of imprisonment. Data were sourced from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research’s recorded criminal incident database and Reoffending Database. Domestic violence-related offences finalised in NSW Local and District Courts between January 2008 and June 2009 were identified by reference to the original police report and the use of domestic violence-specific law part codes. A multivariable model was developed to identify the factors influential in the sentencing of domestic assault offenders. The results showed that offenders found guilty of a domestic violence-related assault are more likely to receive a prison sentence if: the assault caused significant harm, the offender has a concurrent offence at the court appearance, a prior prison episode, a prior conviction for a violent offence, has breached an AVO in the previous two years, is male or Indigenous. Domestic violence appears before the courts in many forms, from the most serious assaults to property damage and offensive language. The penalties received for these offences are equally diverse. The factors which influence whether a domestic violence-related assault offender will be sentenced to prison generally reflect the severity of the offence and the criminal history of the offender. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2010. 12p. Source: Internet Resource; Crime and Justice Statistics Bureau Brief; Issue Paper No. 48 Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: Shelf Number: 119551 Keywords: Domestic Violence Sentencing, Domestic Violence Offenders

Author: Klein, Andrew R. Title: Enforcing Domestic Violence Firearms Prohibitions: A Report on Promising Practices Summary: "This report highlights promising practices currently employed around the United States and in tribal jurisdictions that represent innovative approaches to enforcing domestic violence firearm prohibitions. It provides brief descriptions of programs that are located primarily in law enforcement agencies, prosecutors’ offices, courts, and probation departments. Because comprehensive legislation represents the first step toward disarming abusers, the document also profiles the work of one state legislature in enacting statutes to protect victims of domestic violence." Details: Sudbury, MA: Advocates for Human Potential, 2006. 116p. Source: Internet Resource; Accessed August 8, 2010 at http://www.bwjp.org/files/bwjp/articles/Enforcing_Firearms_Prohibitions.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://www.bwjp.org/files/bwjp/articles/Enforcing_Firearms_Prohibitions.pdf Shelf Number: 119580 Keywords: Domestic Violence Firearms and Crime Victims of Crime Violent Crime

Author: Zahnd, Elaine Title: Nearly Four Million California Adults Are Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Summary: Nearly 1 in 6 adults in California, about 3.7 million persons, report experiencing physical intimate partner violence (IPV) as adults. Over one million Californians were forced to have sex (5%) by an intimate partner during adulthood. Overall, 17.2% of adults—nearly four million Californians—report being a victim of physical and/or sexual IPV as an adult. These acts of violence are not merely a criminal justice problem, but a public health problem with deep and lingering social, psychological and health-related costs. Beyond the immediate trauma facing adult victims, IPV incidents may have a prolonged impact on the emotional and mental health of the victims, affect their ability to complete school or maintain employment, and result in adverse health behaviors to cope with the trauma, such as engaging in risky alcohol, tobacco or other drug use. Violence that occurs between intimates or family members is especially damaging when it takes place in the presence of children; previous studies have shown that witnessing violence can lead to intergenerational cycles of violence." Details: Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2010. 11p. Source: Internet Resource; Accessed August 16, 2010 at: http://www.healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/IPV_PB_031810.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/IPV_PB_031810.pdf Shelf Number: 119614 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Health Care Intimate Partner Violence (California ) Sex Offenses Victims of Crime

Author: Jones, Anwen Title: The Effectiveness of Schemes to Enable Households at Risk of Domestic Violence to Stay in Their Own Homes: Research Report Summary: A Sanctuary Scheme is a multi-agency victim centred initiative which aims to enable households at risk of violence to remain safely in their own homes by installing a 'Sanctuary' in the home and through the provision of support to the household. This evaluation was carried out in 2009/10 and involved interviews with national stakeholders, local case studies (interviews with service providers, support providers, local stakeholders, and service users), and a cost-benefit analysis. It shows that overall Sanctuary Schemes were thought to have been successful in their main aim of providing a safe alternative for households at risk of domestic violence, and preventing the disruption associated with homelessness. It also highlights that there are different types of installation and security measures and also variation in the way schemes operate post installation. Nevertheless, respondents in all areas reported similar outcomes and, for the most part, service users reported positive experiences. Details: West Yorkshire, UK: Communities and Local Government Publications, 2010. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2010 at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1697772.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1697772.pdf Shelf Number: 119692 Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis Domestic Violence Famly Violence Housing Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Jones, Anwen Title: Santuary Schemes for Households at Risk of Domestic Violence: Practice Guide for Agencies Developing and Delivering Sanctuary Schemes Summary: A Sanctuary Scheme is a multi-agency victim centred initiative which aims to enable households at risk of violence to remain safely in their own homes by installing a 'Sanctuary' in the home and through the provision of support to the household. This guide highlights the transferable lessons from an evaluation of Sanctuary Schemes, and will be particularly useful for local level practitioners in developing strategies to prevent homelessness and support for households at risk of domestic violence. Details: West Yorkshire, UK: Communities and Local Government Publications, 2010. 79p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 29, 2010 at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1697793.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1697793.pdf Shelf Number: 119691 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Housing Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: World Health Organization Title: Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women: Taking action and Generating Evidence Summary: Intimate partner and sexual violence affect a large proportion of the population – with the majority of those directly experiencing such violence being women and the majority perpetrating it being men. The harm they cause can last a lifetime and span generations, with serious adverse affects on health, education and employment. The primary prevention of these types of violence will therefore save lives and money – investments made now to stop intimate partner and sexual violence before they occur will protect the physical, mental and economic well-being and development of individuals, families, communities and whole societies. This document aims to provide sufficient information for policy-makers and planners to develop data-driven and evidence-based programmes for preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women and is divided into the following chapters: Chapter 1 outlines the nature, magnitude and consequences of intimate partner and sexual violence within the broader typology of violence. Chapter 2 identifies the risk and protective factors for such violence and the importance of addressing both risk and protective factors in prevention efforts. Chapter 3 summarizes the scientific evidence base for primary prevention strategies, and describes programmes of known effectiveness, those supported by emerging evidence and those that could potentially be effective but have yet to be sufficiently evaluated for their impact. Chapter 4 presents a six-step framework for taking action, generating evidence and sharing results. In the closing section, several future research priorities are outlined and a number of key conclusions drawn. Details: Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 3, 2010 at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564007_eng.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564007_eng.pdf Shelf Number: 119737 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment Sex Offenses Spouse Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: Schrottle, Monika Title: Comparative Reanalysis of Prevalence of Violence Against Women and Health Impact Data in Europe - Obstacles and Possible Solutions. Testing a Comparative Approach on Selected Studies Summary: The issue of data comparison between regions, countries and over time has emerged as an important question, especially since differences in prevalence rates have become more visible through quantitative research. Data comparison between locations and over time can help us understand whether the data reflect a common and persistent social problem, which explanations may account for differences in findings, and which political and societal circumstances may be responsible for variations and continuities. Comparative data can advance theory and suggest improvements to cultural, political and societal response to violence and human rights violations. However, accurate data comparison is more difficult than it seems. Ignoring or misjudging the scientific and methodological framework of specific data sets and studies easily leads to wrong conclusions and unwarranted interpretations. Sometimes even small differences in the details of data collection, time-frames, recorded acts and contexts seriously limit comparability. Recently there have been several attempts to compare prevalence data and health impact data post hoc, but these approaches faced many political, scientific and methodological problems and data comparison was sometimes not conducted in an adequate manner. Addressing these problems has been one of the goals of the “Coordination Action on Human Rights Violations” (CAHRV), a European research network that includes experts in the field of prevalence and health impact research. In a first step researchers reviewed European surveys on the prevalence and health impact of violence against women and compiled an overview of the methodologies used, and the findings reported in each study. Results showed that the studies are constructed quite differently from one country to the next, and that in its present published form neither prevalence nor health impact data are comparable on a European level. The present report documents the second step towards making existing prevalence data more comparable. This involved post-hoc, inter-country comparisons through secondary analysis of original datasets and is presented here as an exemplary case for the comparative study of published survey data. Included in the analysis were surveys that were fairly comparable with regard to methodology and the questions asked about violence. The datasets are from the national violence against women surveys in Finland, France, Germany, Lithuania and Sweden, and were available because members of the CAHRV research group had been involved in the original data collection in their countries and were familiar with the datasets and their methodology. The central aim of the secondary analysis was to test whether it is possible to compare prevalence data post hoc through a harmonization of definitions and samples (as will be explained in the next chapter). This procedure highlighted possibilities and limitations for post-hoc data comparison of studies that are not identical in methodology, data collection and sampling. The results suggest that the procedure is useful not only for further post-hoc research in the field but also as a way to ground policy recommendations more reliably in an emerging comparative knowledge base. The secondary analysis shows the difficulties and challenges for comparison and comparability of prevalence and health impact data in Europe. This approach can contribute to the development of data collection standards, a high priority in the development of the field that will be the focus of the third year of the CAHRV research network. Details: Osnabrueck, Germany: CAHRV (Co-ordination against Human Rights Violation), 2006. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2010 at: http://www.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de/reddot/D_20_Comparative_reanalysis_of_prevalence_of_violence_pub.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Europe URL: http://www.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de/reddot/D_20_Comparative_reanalysis_of_prevalence_of_violence_pub.pdf Shelf Number: 111274 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Spouse Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: Hagemann-White, Carol Title: Gendering Human Rights Violations: The Case of Interpersonal Violence- Coordination Action on Human Rights Violations (CAHRV) Summary: Human dignity, fundamental rights and human security set standards by which individuals, communities and societies can develop their potential and learn to resolve or transform conflict constructively without violence. Yet these standards are frequently disregarded, not only in times of war, but also in everyday life – in homes, in schools, at work and in public places. Painful acts of violation occur in close personal relationships or within social environments such as neighbourhoods. The research network “Coordination Action on Human Rights Violations” was founded to look at the structural patterns underlying these everyday injuries, many of which have only recently become an object of public concern, and to develop a comprehensive and integrated perspective towards understanding and addressing them. There is a need for such a systematic view, for both research and policy have tended to look at interpersonal violence piecemeal. A national prevalence study will set off a discussion on violence in the family against women. An outbreak of violence in schools will be followed by a spurt of public statements about youth, unemployment and cultural conflict. A case of abuse or fatal neglect of a child mobilizes concern about social services and child protection. Each wave of concern seems to call attention to a new and different problem, while in fact research has the tools and theoretical resources to describe their interconnections, and to suggest approaches to broader-based strategies of overcoming them. The time is ripe for an integrated approach, and the great interest and enthusiasm raised by the CAHRV project is a sign that the European research community was more than ready to study, describe and present to policy-makers the linkages between the problem areas. Unchecked interpersonal violence represents a threat to democracy and social cohesion, but to understand how and why it is still present in our midst requires in-depth understanding of how violence is shaped by gender for both women and men, both boys and girls; how stressors and power imbalances between the generations lead to violence, and how these interconnect. The CAHRV philosophy of linking the gender and generational dimensions that appear in interpersonal violence proved highly successful. 22 partner institutions took responsibility for the work program comprising literature reviews across numerous countries, thematic and crosscutting workshops, large conferences with high public impact, and internet communication activities such as a newsletter, an internet mapping of literature, a publication site with carefully edited papers of professional quality, and analytical reviews on central issues. In all, over 100 researchers from 20 countries1 in the enlarged Europe contributed actively (and often without compensation) to the work. Part one of the report offers an overview of the aims and the achievements of the CAHRV project and presents some of its over-arching themes. The following chapter 2 presents the project objectives and explains the rationale behind them. In chapter 3, the working methods and specific achievements in coordinating research are outlined, showing how this broadbased enterprise became meaningful and useful. Chapter 4 reviews and assesses the contribution of the work completed towards the overall objectives as set out in the original project proposal. In chapter 5, advances in developing a shared theoretical framework for understanding interpersonal violence in a human rights context are discussed. This includes weighing of the benefits and limitations of human rights frameworks for research on interpersonal violence. Chapter 6 discusses “fruits of collaboration”: insights that emerged across the different thematic focal areas. Part two looks more closely at the specific content areas of the work program and at the progress of knowledge within each area. In a summarizing form, the main results of the collaboration are presented. Details: Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 6, 2010 at: http://www.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de/reddot/CAHRV_final_report_-_complete_version_for_WEB.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Europe URL: http://www.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de/reddot/CAHRV_final_report_-_complete_version_for_WEB.pdf Shelf Number: 119749 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Human Rights Interpersonal Violence Intimate Partner Violence Spouse Abuse

Author: Finkelhor, David Title: Children's Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey Summary: This Bulletin describes the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV), a nationwide survey of the incidence and prevalence of children's exposure to violence. NatSCEV estimated both past-year and lifetime exposure to violence across a number of categories, including physical assault, bullying, sexual victimization, child maltreatment, dating violence, and witnessed and indirect victimization. The NatSCEV study showed high levels of exposure to violence among a nationally representative sample of youth. More than three in five reported being direct or indirect victims of violence in the past year, and of those, nearly two-thirds were victimized more than once. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2009. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2010 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/227744.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/227744.pdf Shelf Number: 119807 Keywords: Abused Children Bullying Child Maltreatment Child Sexual Abuse Children, Crimes Against Domestic Violence Violent Crime

Author: Feder, Lynette Title: Court-Mandated Interventions for Individuals Convicted of Domestic Violence Summary: Survey research and analysis of police records, hospital emergency rooms and women’s shelters have clearly established the severity of the domestic violence problem and the need to find programs to address this issue. Today, court-mandated batterer intervention programs (BIPs) are being implemented throughout the United States as one of the leading methods to address this problem. These programs emerged from the women’s shelter movement and therefore contained a strong feminist orientation. They developed as group-based programs, typically using psychoeductional methods. Their aim was to get men to take responsibility for their sexist beliefs and stop abusing their partners by teaching them alternative responses for handling their anger. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of post-arrest court-mandated interventions (including pre-trial diversion programs) for domestic violence offenders that target, in part or exclusively, batterers with the aim of reducing their future likelihood of re-assaulting above and beyond what would have been expected by routine legal procedures. Details: Oslo: Cambell Collaboration, 2008. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2008:12: Acccessed September 16, 2010 at: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/218/ Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/download/218/ Shelf Number: 119822 Keywords: Battered Women Batterer Intervention Programs Domestic Violence Spouse Abuse

Author: Frattaroli, Shannon Title: Removing Guns from Domestic Violence Offenders: An Analysis of State Level Policies to Prevent Future Abuse Summary: This report details the status of police gun removal laws and court-ordered removal laws in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and summarizes select characteristics of those laws that we believe are important for effective implementation. The report is intended as a resource for advocates and policy makers. In addition to highlighting characteristics of the laws that may affect their implementation and impact, we conclude this report with a set of recommendations for advancing policy and practice to reduce the dangers associated with armed batterers. Details: Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research, 2009. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 17, 2010 at: http://www.jhsph.edu/bin/u/p/Gun%20Removal%207%20Oct%2009.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.jhsph.edu/bin/u/p/Gun%20Removal%207%20Oct%2009.pdf Shelf Number: 119832 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Guns Spouse Abuse Weapons

Author: Hague, Gill Title: Making the Links: Disabled Women and Domestic Violence: Final Report Summary: The focus of the research was on the needs and experiences of U.K. women with physical and sensory impairments who were experiencing abuse from partners, ex-partners, other family members, or personal assistants in their own homes. The study drew on the growing view that the voices and perspectives of those who use services should inform the evaluation of these services and the development of best practice guidance. Details: Bristol, UK: Women's Aid Federation of England, 2008. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2010 at: http://www.womensaid.org.uk/core/core_picker/download.asp?id=1763 Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.womensaid.org.uk/core/core_picker/download.asp?id=1763 Shelf Number: 113404 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Handicapped Persons

Author: Kishor, Sunita Title: Profiling Domestic Violence: A Multi-Country Study Summary: This study uses household and individual-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program to examine the prevalence and correlates of domestic violence and the health consequences of domestic violence for women and their children. Nationally representative data from nine countries—Cambodia (2000), Colombia (2000), the Dominican Republic (2002), Egypt (1995), Haiti (2000), India (1998-1999), Nicaragua (1998), Peru (2000), and Zambia (2001-2002)—are analyzed within a comparative framework to provide a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence. Details: Calverton, MD: ORC Macro, 2004. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2010 at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/OD31/OD31.pdf Year: 2004 Country: International URL: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/OD31/OD31.pdf Shelf Number: 113399 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: National Centre for Social Research Title: ASB Family Intervention Projects: Monitoring and Evaluation Summary: Family Intervention Projects (FIPs) work with the most challenging families and tackle issues such as antisocial behaviour, youth crime, school absenteeism, drug and alcohol addiction, domestic violence, poor mental health and inter-generational disadvantage. Families are supported by a dedicated ‘key worker’ who coordinates a multi-agency package of support and works directly with family members to help them overcome their problems. The different FIP models are aimed at reducing antisocial behaviour, preventing youth crime and tackling child poverty. Family Intervention Projects (FIPs) work with the most challenging families and tackle issues such as antisocial behaviour, youth crime, school absenteeism, drug and alcohol addiction, domestic violence, poor mental health and inter-generational disadvantage. Families are supported by a dedicated ‘key worker’ who coordinates a multi-agency package of support and works directly with family members to help them overcome their problems. The different FIP models are aimed at reducing antisocial behaviour, preventing youth crime and tackling child poverty. This report provides an evaluation of the FIPs and is the first report to include information on families who have been followed up 9 to 14 months after they exited from a FIP intervention. The next monitoring report will be published in Autumn 2010 and, for the first time, will include outcomes for all types of FIPs. Details: London: Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2010 at: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/pzMedia/uploads/Downloadable/e3e97aca-4d52-40fd-8ccb-5c11b7bd49a8.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/pzMedia/uploads/Downloadable/e3e97aca-4d52-40fd-8ccb-5c11b7bd49a8.pdf Shelf Number: 119846 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior Delinquency Prevention Domestic Violence Drug Abuse and Addiction Family Interventions

Author: Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights Title: Violence Against Women in Cambodia: 2006 Summary: Historically, Cambodians have suffered through a culture of violence perpetuated by the Khmer Rouge regime and other political groups. The impact of this violence continues to affect many people within Cambodia. One of the most vulnerable affected groups are the women of Cambodia. Violence against women – particularly in the form of domestic violence, rape, and human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation – is one of the most serious human rights problems in Cambodia. Although Cambodia is beginning to recognize the significance of violence against women, the extent of the Government’s willingness to educate the judiciary, the police and the public on these issues, and to implement laws and policies that prevent such violence and protect victims, is still quite limited. Cambodia ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1992 and committed to enforcing the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals (CMDG) in 2000. Both instruments contain provisions to reduce and eliminate violence against women, but there has been insufficient government action to implement them. Since 1992, the Government’s progress in reducing and eliminating violence against women since 1992 has been slow and often inadequate. In 2006, the period covered by this report, no new laws or influential policies protecting women from violence were passed or implemented by the Government. This report aims to provide a realistic account of the trauma suffered by Cambodian women from domestic violence, rape, and human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation. The report is based on information from LICADHO’s Women’s Rights Office, based in Phnom Penh, and staff in 12 provincial offices, and it also features personal stories of violence from four Cambodian women. Details: Phnom Penh, Cambodia: LICADHO, 2007. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2010 at: http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/reports/files/105LICADHOReportViolenceWoman2006.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Cambodia URL: http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/reports/files/105LICADHOReportViolenceWoman2006.pdf Shelf Number: 117362 Keywords: Domestic Violence Human Trafficking Rape Sexual Exploitation Violence Against Women

Author: Kelly, Liz Title: Map of Gaps 2: The Postcode Lottery of Violence Against Women Support Services in Britain Summary: This report shows that in many parts of the UK, services for women who have experienced violence are chronically under-funded or simply do not exist. Women shouldn’t be subjected to this postcode lottery. This is a call to action for everybody who cares about this issue, and a firm reminder for those in local and national government with the power to make a difference. Urgent effort must be made to provide funding and support to ensure that all women can get help whenever they need it and wherever they live. Details: London: End Violence Against Women and Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2009. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2010 at: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/map_of_gaps2.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/map_of_gaps2.pdf Shelf Number: 114338 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Female Victims Victim of Crimes, Services for Violence Against Women

Author: Ringland, Clare Title: Domestic Homicide in NSW, January 2003 - June 2008 Summary: This brief examines trends and characteristics of domestic homicides in NSW over the period January 2003 to June 2008. During this time, there were 215 victims of domestic homicide, 115 females and 100 males. The rate of domestic homicide per year remained stable, ranging from a low of 0.46 per 100,000 population in 2004 to a high of 0.63 per 100,000 population in 2006. Forty-three per cent of domestic homicide victims (70 females and 23 males) were killed by intimate partners, and 19 per cent by parents. Stabbing was the most common act causing death, with knives used in over one-third of domestic homicides. The use of knives increased over the period, while the use of firearms decreased. Over three-quarters of offenders were male, and one-third of offenders may have had a history of mental illness and/or been suffering from mental illness at the time of the homicide. Twenty-six per cent of offenders were persons of interest in a violence-related incident in the 12 months prior to the homicide, and 52 per cent in the five years prior. In the 12 months prior to the homicide event, only 10 per cent of victims had been identified as a victim in a violence-related incident where the homicide offender was identified as a person of interest. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2009. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper No. 42: Accessed October 11, 2010 at: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb42.pdf/$file/bb42.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/bb42.pdf/$file/bb42.pdf Shelf Number: 118552 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicide Victims of Crime Violence Against Women Violent Crime

Author: Hague, Gill Title: Bride-Price, Poverty and Domestic Violence in Uganda Summary: This report outlines the key findings from the first-ever research study on Bride-Price, Poverty and Domestic Violence in Uganda, conducted as a response both to the growing interest in the practice of bride-price and to moves for its reform in Uganda and other countries in Africa. The research was undertaken between January 2008 and June 2009 through an international collaboration between MIFUMI, an NGO and women's rights agency based in Uganda working on domestic violence and poverty alleviation, and two UK research groups, the Violence Against Women Research Group, University of Bristol, and the Centre for the Study of Safety and Well-being, University of Warwick. The aims and objectives of the research were: To investigate, through an action research approach, the impacts of bride-price on the capabilities of women, children and families in terms of development, quality of life, health, decision-making and community participation; To explore possible inter-relations between bride-price and poverty; To investigate possible inter-relations between bride-price and domestic violence; To develop policy recommendations for Uganda, and to contribute to national, pan-African and global debates on bride price, including with the Ugandan government and through international protocols and the Kampala International Declaration on Bride-price; To develop a local action-oriented dissemination plan, including a collaboratively developed community awareness-raising programme to reach several thousand people; and To contribute to the Millennial Development Goal (MDG) framework, especially MDG3 on gender and empowerment. Details: Bristol, UK: MIFUMI Uganda, Violence Against Women Research Group, University of Bistol; Warwick, UK: Centre for the Study of Safety and Well-being, University of Warwick, 2009. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 22, 2010 at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/shss/swell/final_report_-_bride_price_poverty_and_domestic_vi.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Uganda URL: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/shss/swell/final_report_-_bride_price_poverty_and_domestic_vi.pdf Shelf Number: 119920 Keywords: Domestic Violence Poverty Socioeconomic Status Violence Against Women

Author: Humphreys, Cathy Title: Literature Review: Better Outcomes for Children and Young People Experiencing Domestic Abuse - Directions for Good Practice Summary: The National Strategy to Address Domestic Abuse in Scotland acknowledges the correlation between domestic abuse and the mental, physical and sexual abuse of children. The reform of children's services in Scotland includes developing a delivery plan focused on better outcomes for children and young people affected by domestic abuse. This international review aims to provide an evidence base to support directions for good practice, and includes a chapter on qualitative evidence from Scottish children's own perspectives on domestic abuse. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2008. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2010 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/08/04112614/0 Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/08/04112614/0 Shelf Number: 119918 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Newman, Frederick L. Title: Testing a Model of Domestic Abuse Against Elder Women and Perceived Barriers to Help-Seeking: Comparing Victim and Non-Victim Responses Summary: This study examined perceived barriers to help-seeking by female victims of domestic abuse ages 50 and over compared to the perceived barriers for women in the same age group who had not been victims of such abuse The analyses of the empirical model used in the study found that perceived barriers to help-seeking involve six factors that are present in distinctive ways based on the severity of abuse, race-ethnicity, relationship with the abuser, gender of the abuser, and age. Details: Miami, FL: Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, 2009. 118p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2010 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231095.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231095.pdf Shelf Number: 119924 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Elderly Victims Female Victims Victims of Crime, Services for

Author: Kharboush, Ibrahim F. Title: Spousal Violence in Egypt Summary: One-third of Egyptian women have been physically abused by their husbands, according to the 2005 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey; and 7 percent said they are beaten “often.” These women mostly suffered silently and did not seek help. Violence against women is a costly and pervasive public health problem and a violation of human rights. It is often referred to as “gender-based violence” because it stems from women’s subordinate status in the family and society. The abuse can take many forms. Violence against women, whether perpetrated by husbands or others, and whether it happens inside or outside the home, undermines women’s health and well-being. It can also have far-reaching and long-term consequences for the women’s children and for society. Today, patriarchal norms continue to relegate many Egyptian women to a subordinate position relative to men, providing fertile ground for men’s abusive and damaging behaviors at home and in public. Harassment of women in public has escalated to the point where Egypt’s national economy may be affected: A recent World Bank study showed that 15 percent of men and 12 percent of women in Cairo who oppose the idea of women working outside the home cite potential sexual harassment as the reason. This policy brief presents an analysis of the 2005 and 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys and the latest research on spousal violence conducted in the Alexandria Governorate by the Suzanne Mubarak Regional Centre for Women’s Health and Development. These studies reveal that violence against women is widespread and alarming, and highlight the urgent need for government and civil society to address the issue and end this scourge that hinders progress toward Egypt’s development goals. Details: Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, 2010. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 13, 2010 at: http://www.prb.org/pdf10/spousalviolence-egypt.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Egypt URL: http://www.prb.org/pdf10/spousalviolence-egypt.pdf Shelf Number: 119935 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Sexual Harassment Spouse Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: Raphael, Jody Title: Talking About Stalking: Interviews with Chicago Patrol Officers Summary: Although research has documented that stalking represents a particularly dangerous and often lethal aspect of domestic violence, data show that Illinois stalking laws go underutilized. This research study reports on interviews with 40 Chicago Department of Police patrol officers and detectives in the spring of 2009, undertaken to hear from them why the law is so rarely used and what barriers might exist to bringing stalking charges in Chicago. Details: Chicago: DePaul University College of Law, Schiller DuCanto & Fleck Family Law Center, 2009. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2010 at: http://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/family_law/pdf/stalking%20study.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.law.depaul.edu/centers_institutes/family_law/pdf/stalking%20study.pdf Shelf Number: 119956 Keywords: Domestic Violence Stalking Violence Against Women

Author: Williamson, Emma Title: Pilot Project: Domestic Abuse and Military Families Summary: This pilot project will seek to ascertain, via a focus group and on-line survey, i) the nature and extent of abuse experienced by military families, ii) service use, and iii) service needs of both perpetrators and victims of abuse in this context. During this developmental (pilot) phase we will be seeking to establish baseline data which identifies service need and potential interventions. The families of service personnel and the personnel themselves will benefit if we are able to identify triggers to abusive behaviour at home and external and internal interventions which may reduce the likelihood of domestic abuse occurring in these families. This research project examines the: 1) Nature and extent of domestic violence within military families; 2) Impact of this abuse and identify potential interventions; 3) Kind of services families may, or may have tried, to access in the past; 4) Ways in which service personnel explain the reasons for their abusive behaviour and whether specialist interventions might be developed to assist them. Details: Bristol, UK: University of Bristol, 2009. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2010 at: http://www.bris.ac.uk/sps/research/projects/completed/2009/rk7020/finalreport.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.bris.ac.uk/sps/research/projects/completed/2009/rk7020/finalreport.pdf Shelf Number: 119958 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Military Victims of Domestic Violence, Services for Violence Against Women

Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Military Personnel: Sustained Leadership and Oversight Needed to Improve DOD's Prevention and Treatment of Domestic Abuse Summary: In 2001, the Deputy Secretary of Defense stated that domestic violence will not be tolerated in the Department of Defense (DOD). Despite this posture, DOD's clinical database indicates that 8,223 incidents met criteria for domestic abuse in fiscal year 2009. However, because this database includes only cases reported to military clinical offices, it does not represent all cases. In response to a congressional request, GAO evaluated whether DOD is able to determine the effectiveness of its domestic abuse efforts. To conduct this review, GAO reviewed legislative requirements and DOD guidance, analyzed domestic abuse data, and interviewed officials involved in domestic abuse prevention and treatment and persons eligible to receive services at five military bases. DOD has taken some actions to prevent and treat domestic abuse in response to recommendations made by the Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence in 2001 through 2003 and by GAO in a 2006 report. However, DOD has no oversight framework with goals, milestones, and metrics with which to determine the effectiveness of its efforts. This issue is complicated by uncertainty regarding the completeness of DOD's data on domestic abuse. In 2007, DOD issued guidance on military protective orders after GAO had found that its lack of guidance had resulted in inconsistent practices. However, DOD closed its Family Violence Policy Office in 2007, which had staff dedicated to overseeing the implementation of recommendations made by the Defense Task Force, after DOD had taken action on some key recommendations. At that time, the specific responsibilities of that office for overseeing implementation of the remaining Task Force recommendations were not reassigned, although overall oversight responsibility remained with the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. DOD guidance assigns many domestic abuse-related responsibilities to this office, including responsibility for developing DOD's domestic abuse instruction and ensuring compliance. GAO found the following examples in which having sustained leadership attention and an oversight framework would have helped guide DOD in obtaining information that would allow it to fully manage its efforts and determine their effectiveness: (1) Significant DOD guidance has been in draft since 2006. As a result, the services are anticipating ways to implement the draft guidance, which contains, among other things, new guidelines for the services' clinical treatment and evaluation boards, without finalized guidance. (2) The database intended to satisfy legislative requirements enacted in 2000 continues to provide incomplete data, and DOD still collects domestic abuse data in two databases. In 2006, GAO reported on data discrepancies in these databases and recommended that they be reconciled. This recommendation remains open, and those problems continue today. Because DOD cannot provide accurate numbers of domestic abuse incidents, it cannot analyze trends. (3) It is DOD policy to target families most at risk of domestic abuse, but DOD has not defined goals for its efforts or metrics with which to measure progress. DOD collects only information on gender, rank, age, and substance use. Without information on other factors, such as length and number of deployments, DOD will be unable to fully analyze risk factors. During GAO's site visits, these factors were routinely mentioned. (4) DOD lacks metrics for measuring the effectiveness of its awareness campaigns. As a result, it does not know how to direct its resources most effectively. Without sustained leadership and an oversight framework, DOD will remain unable to assess the effectiveness of its efforts to prevent and treat domestic abuse. GAO recommends that DOD finalize guidance on how the services are to comply with DOD policies and develop an oversight framework to guide its efforts to prevent and treat domestic abuse that includes collecting data on contributing factors and establishing metrics to determine the effectiveness of DOD's awareness campaigns. In commenting on a draft of this report, DOD generally concurred with GAO's recommendations. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2010. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: GAO-10-923: Accessed October 14, 2010 at: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10923.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10923.pdf Shelf Number: 119965 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Military Personnel Spouse Abuse Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Denman, Kristine Title: Petitioning for a Domestic Violence Order of Protection: An Examination of Abuse Descriptions, Outcomes, and Multiple Petition Filings Summary: The popular media and the scholarly literature have both evaluated the utility of civil protection orders as a tool for curbing domestic violence and limiting its physical and emotional consequences. Much of the prior research has focused on the effectiveness of orders. Some research has examined the factors that influence whether orders are granted or denied, noting that lack of petitioner follow through is the most common reason that initial requests for orders do not result in a permanent order.. This research has generally overlooked the dynamic nature of the petition process, examining one particular element of the process (e.g., violations or dropped petitions) rather than the process as a whole. Specifically, prior research has failed to examine how petitioners navigate the petition process, whether elements of the process itself affect how petitioners frame the abuse they experience, and how the protection order process plays out once a request for an order is initiated. Additionally, focusing on a specific part of the process means researchers have overlooked a particularly unique set of cases, those involving multiple petitions for protection over time. This project utilizes case-level data to explore the petition process and examine how and why domestic violence victims use the civil court system to file for a Domestic Violence Order of Protection (DVOP). We assess in some detail case-level features that are implicated in the decision to seek court protection from domestic abuse and in the success of that court intervention. We concentrate on three primary objectives in the current research: 1) to identify the nature of abuse incidents that lead victims to pursue protection orders, 2) to examine the processing of protection orders, including requests made to and granted by the court, whether temporary orders are extended or not, and the nature of and response to reported violations, and 3) to examine cases involving multiple filings to explore abuse, relationship patterns and court outcomes over time. This research is a first step towards evaluating whether and how well the system is set up to meet the needs of petitioners, by focusing on the process, in relation to its outcome rather than focusing exclusively on the outcome. The data for this research are derived from protection order requests processed at the Domestic Violence Division of the Bernalillo County Court House in Albuquerque, New Mexico. We randomly selected 190 cases from all cases involving one single adult respondent and one single adult petitioner filed in 2002. While each case file involves a single petitioner and respondent, it may include multiple petitions for protection. Except when specifically examining cases with multiple filings, we focus on the petition filed in 2002. Data includes both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data are culled directly from the case file, which includes the Petition for an Order of Protection and all other forms resulting from petition processing. While the quantitative data provide some descriptive information, the findings are primarily derived from the qualitative case narrative data. Case narratives are comprised of the petitioner’s written description of the abuse and the events documented in each case file. In addition to collecting case file data, we observed both the petition and the DVOP hearing process. The purpose of these observations was simply to inform our analysis and recommendations. This document provides a brief reporting of key findings for this project. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center, Institute for Social Research, University of New Mexico, 2009. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2010 at: http://nmsac.unm.edu/contact_information/nmsac_publications/ Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://nmsac.unm.edu/contact_information/nmsac_publications/ Shelf Number: 120026 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Family Violence, Protection

Author: Hester, Marianne Title: Who Does What to Whom? Gender and Domestic Violence Perpetrators Summary: This research explores how male victims and perpetrators of domestic violence may differ from female victims and perpetrators with regard to the nature and number of domestic violence incidents recorded by the police. The report explores ‘who does what to whom’, taking into account both context and consequences. Details: Bristol, UK: University of Britol in association with the Northern Rock Foundation, 2009. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2010 at: http://www.nr-foundation.org.uk/downloads/Who%20Does%20What%20to%20Whom.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nr-foundation.org.uk/downloads/Who%20Does%20What%20to%20Whom.pdf Shelf Number: 119972 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender Males Victims of Domestic Violence

Author: Albright, Danielle Title: Deterring Domestic Violence: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Arrest and Protective Orders Summary: Domestic violence is a significant problem in the State of New Mexico, with incidence rates almost twice the national average. In 2004, law enforcement agencies across the state responded to 26,940 incidents of domestic violence, an incidence rate of 15.3 per 1000 persons. Comparatively, the domestic violence incidence rate nationally was 8.9 per 1000 persons in 2004. Of those incidents documented in New Mexico in 2004, Caponera identified 4,011 (or about 6%) as domestic violence incidents for which at least one of the parties involved filed a petition for a protective order with the courts. To date there has been limited research evaluating the effectiveness of either law enforcement intervention or protective orders in New Mexico. As policymakers in the State continue to debate ways to enhance the responsiveness of law enforcement to domestic violence and to make protective orders both more widely available and the enforcement of these orders more uniform, research evaluating the factors that shape the use and effectiveness of the formal interventions is needed. The current research examines the effectiveness of formal social controls in response to a sample of domestic violence incidents that were reported to law enforcement authorities, brought before the District Court as a petition for a protective order, or both in Bernalillo County, New Mexico in 2002. Details: Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center, Institute for Social Research, University of New Mexico, 2008. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 21, 2010 at: http://nmsac.unm.edu/contact_information/nmsac_publications/ Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://nmsac.unm.edu/contact_information/nmsac_publications/ Shelf Number: 120049 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protective Orders Restraining Orders Violence Against Women

Author: Lowe, Trudy Title: Integrating the Independent Domestic Violence Advisor and Flying Start: A Process and Outcome Evaluation: Final Report Summary: The objective of this research was to evaluate the innovative pilot provision of an Independent Domestic Violence Advisor (IDVA) working as part of a Flying Start team located within a defined school catchment area in Cardiff. The aim of this initiative is to explore how integrated multi-agency working can improve the quality of a victim-focussed service delivered in complex cases of children and adults at risk of violence in the home. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Universities' Police Science Institute, Cardiff University, 2009. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 28, 2010 at: http://www.upsi.org.uk/resources/IDVA.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.upsi.org.uk/resources/IDVA.pdf Shelf Number: 120113 Keywords: Child Abuse Domestic Violence Family Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: TNS Opinion & Social Title: Domestic Violence Against Women Summary: The aim of this survey is to measure the evolution of European public opinion concerning domestic violence against women since 1999, which can be seen as the starting point for collecting information about the public’s view on this important problem. Evolutions are particularly interesting to study considering the changing legal context over the past ten years. The first important message that comes out of the study is the rising awareness of Europeans. The survey also shows broad support for EU action in this area. - 98% of people are now aware of domestic violence across the EU compared to 94% in the previous survey. - Awareness of domestic violence against women is very high across the EU, thanks to media such as television (92%), newspapers and magazines (59%) informing the vast majority of EU citizens about the problem. - Domestic violence remains very common: one respondent in four across the EU knows a woman among friends or in the family circle who is a victim of domestic violence. Since the previous survey, the proportion of Europeans (on a comparable EU15 basis) that say they know a victim of domestic violence in their circle of friends or family has increased from 19% to 25%. - One person in five knows of someone who commits domestic violence in their circle of friends and family (21%). - Women are more likely than men to know a woman who has suffered from domestic violence. They are also more likely than men to be aware of people who commit this crime, and more likely to view the problem seriously and to advocate tougher penalties for those responsible. - 78% of Europeans recognise that domestic violence is a common problem. - Attitudes to domestic violence have generally become much tougher, with far more people (86%, up from 63% for the EU15) now saying that domestic violence is unacceptable and should always be punishable by law. In the European Union as a whole, 84% consider that domestic violence is unacceptable and should always be punishable by law. - Sexual and physical violence are seen as the most serious forms of violence suffered by women with 85% of respondents in both cases considering that these are “very serious”. - There is strong support for EU involvement in eradicating domestic violence against women (87% of respondents feel that the EU should probably or definitely be involved). - However, while most people believe that laws are in place to prevent domestic violence, very few (14%) are familiar with specific EU measures to tackle the problem. Details: Brussels: European Commission, 2010. 222p. Source: Internet Resource: Special Eurobarometer 344: Accessed October 29, 2010 at: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_344_en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_344_en.pdf Shelf Number: 120132 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Public Opinion Sexual Violence Victims of Family Violence, Services for Violence Against Women

Author: Scottish Government. Communities Analytical Services Title: Domestic Abuse, Housing and Homelessness in Scotland: An Evidence Review Summary: There has been little research on the relationship between domestic abuse, housing and homelessness, especially in the Scottish context. This review provides some secondary analysis of relevant homelessness and housing statistics to provide a more in-depth overview of the scale of domestic abuse as a contributory factor to homelessness in Scotland. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2010. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Analytical Paper Series: Accessed November 2, 2010 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/328505/0106198.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/328505/0106198.pdf Shelf Number: 120155 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Homelessness Housing

Author: Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo Title: Domestic Violence and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Mixed-Race Developing Country Summary: This study investigates the heterogeneous effects of domestic violence over labor markets in an ethnically fragmented country such as Bolivia. Among developing countries, Bolivia “excels” in having one of the highest levels of domestic violence in the region. Anecdotal evidence and empirical evidence suggest that response to domestic violence is not homogeneous across different ethnic groups. Using information from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for Bolivia, we examine the heterogeneous impacts of domestic violence over one of the key labor market outcomes such as employment. We employ a probabilistic decision model and treatment regression techniques to examine this effect. We claim that the impact of domestic violence on labor markets is limited among indigenous people, given that violence is, to some extent, socially recognized and accepted. We find that for most of the cases, indigenous women are less responsive to domestic violence than nonindigenous ones, except for groups with a high income level. Our results are robust for alternative methodologies to address possible endogeneity problems. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, 2010. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 5273: Accessed November 3, 2010 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp5273.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Bolivia URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp5273.pdf Shelf Number: 120169 Keywords: Bolivia Domestic Violence Indigenous Peoples Labor Markets

Author: Ventura, Lois A. Title: An Exploratory Study of Court-Referred Batterer Intervention Programs in Ohio Summary: Batterer intervention programs (BIP) have been the subject of considerable research over the past 20 years. What emerges is a growing recognition that static variables, such as batterer profiles and demographics, or the particular length, design or approach of batterer intervention programs, have not yielded significant findings of effectiveness, such as the reduced likelihood to re-offend or increased safety of abused women. While prior research shows a modest positive effect, little evidence exists to support the effectiveness of one BIP over another. One of the few consistent findings in prior research is that the success of batterer intervention programs depends, to some degree, on how embedded they are within the community response to domestic violence. Consequently, there is a growing interest to examine programs in context, as part of a larger and more elaborate intervention system, including courts, law enforcement, victim services, socio-medicolegal and other community resources. This study created an inventory of court-referred batterer intervention programs in Ohio and gathered general descriptive information about them. The following highlights emerged from the study: Probation officers reported that a substantial number of their probationers have a history of domestic violence; More than three-quarters of all batterer intervention programs operate as part of a larger agency. Most programs are part of a larger mental health agency or community service organization; The surveyed batterer intervention programs predominantly served Caucasian male offenders between the ages of 28 and 35. Some or most of the program’s participants are parents; More than 80 percent of the batterer invention programs surveyed employ elements of the Duluth and/or cognitive-behavioral models; More than 90 percent of the surveyed programs reportedly address power and control, personal responsibility, male socialization, social responsibility, sexism, patriarchy, and anger management as a standard part of their curriculum; More than half of the programs report a completion rate of 76 percent or better. Analysis of factors associated with program completion suggests that the less rigorous the demands on the participant, the greater the program’s completion rate. This study is the precursor to future studies that will examine more closely the extent to which courtreferred batterer intervention programs in Ohio are integrated into larger domestic violence intervention systems and what effect that integration has on victim safety and violence reduction. The goal of future investigation will be to develop evidence-based policies for integrated batterer intervention systems in Ohio. Details: Columbus, OH: Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services, 2006. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2010 at: http://www.publicsafety.ohio.gov/links/ocjs_BIPfull.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://www.publicsafety.ohio.gov/links/ocjs_BIPfull.pdf Shelf Number: 120197 Keywords: Battered Women (Ohio) Batterer Intervention Programs Domestic Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Quilgars, Deborah Title: Meeting the Needs of Households at Risk of Domestic Violence in England: The Role of Accommodation and Housing-Related Support Services Summary: This study explores the extent, scale and regional distribution of a wide range of housing related support for those at risk of domestic violence. It explores access to housing advice, refuge provision, other specialist accommodation, access to settled accommodation and the role of floating support. Details: London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2010. 193p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 27, 2010 at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1778600.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1778600.pdf Shelf Number: 120286 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Family Violence Housing Victims of Crime, Services for Victims of Family Violence

Author: Donovan, Catherine Title: Evaluation of Early Intervention Models for Change in Domestic Violence: Northern Rock Foundation Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, 2004-2009 Summary: In 2004 the Northern Rock Foundation (NRF) Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) provided £3.5 million to two Multi-Agency (MA) partnerships to address domestic violence in innovative ways. The aims were to provide holistic, early intervention, specialist services to victim/survivors of domestic violence, their children and perpetrators. New services were created to act as a hub to liaise with and coordinate MA working with the eleven partner agencies that, together with the new service, constituted each Project. In Gateshead the new service was developed within an existing one, Safer Families. In Cumbria the Project was set up as a pilot in rural Carlisle and Eden with Letgo as the new service. The objectives were to improve the health and wellbeing of victim/survivors and their children, increase perpetrator accountability and promote MA working by focusing on early intervention at crisis. In the Gateshead Project this resulted in the police being the sole referrer to the new service. In the Cumbria Project this meant that the police were the primary but not the only referral source. Both Projects provided tailored, one-to-one support to victim/survivors, both one-to-one and group work for children and voluntary perpetrator programmes. Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVAs) undertook a risk assessment (RA), offered safety planning and undertook an assessment of need, the outcome of which resulted in referrals to, and acting as an advocate with, appropriate partner agencies. Contact with victim/survivors varied in frequency and type depending on need. IDVAs also provided emotional and practical support and undertook regular reviews of victim/survivors’ risk. This evaluation report provides detailed information about the impact of services in this area. It contains evidence both about what works well and about what works less well and we commend this as a contribution to the growing body of knowledge in this area, upon which we know others will build. Details: Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Northern Rock Foundation, 2010. 166p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 29, 2010 at: http://www.nr-foundation.org.uk/downloads/DAI%20-%20full%20evaluation%20report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nr-foundation.org.uk/downloads/DAI%20-%20full%20evaluation%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 120293 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Victims of Family Violence, Services for

Author: Kercher, Glen Title: Assessing the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence Summary: There has been a dramatic transformation over the past 20 years in the response to intimate partner violence (IPV). These changes are apparent in criminal justice processing, the availability of social and advocacy services, the provision of emergency medical services, and from public opinion. Agencies dealing with victims and offenders have adopted a number of mechanisms to identify high risk cases in order to respond appropriately to safeguard the victim and reduce the re-occurrence of violence. This has led to an increasing demand for accurate risk assessment. The central purpose of this report is to identify the predictors of IPV and to assess the accuracy of different approaches and models in predicting risk of future harm or lethality to victims. These findings have broad implications for law enforcement, victim services, and prosecutors. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, Sam Houston State University, 2010. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 10, 2010 at: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CVI_AssessingRiskFinal_1-21-10.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/CVI_AssessingRiskFinal_1-21-10.pdf Shelf Number: 120084 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment Victim Services

Author: Small Arms Survey Title: Fault Lines: Tracking Armed Violence in Yemen Summary: In Yemen, armed violence is conditioned by the widespread availability and proliferation of small arms and light weapons. It is also exacerbated by structural factors such as weak rule of law, the limited political legitimacy of public institutions, and rapid natural resource depletion. Similarly, it is tolerated due to prevailing sociocultural norms sanctioning certain forms of violence, and because of competing geopolitical interests. As a result, many observers are concerned about the likelihood of increased instability in Yemen and its implications for the region as a whole. Drawing on intensive research and analysis, this Issue Brief first briefly reviews Yemen’s political and economic environment. It considers a range of key risk factors shaping contemporary and future instability, then provides a short assessment of arms availability and use. Finally, the Issue Brief provides a typology to conceptualize the manifestations of armed violence and the interaction of key risk factors. While preliminary, the typology facilitates a more structured analysis of armed violence dynamics in Yemen and identifies opportunities for strategic engagement leading to preventive and reduction strategies for both Yemeni actors and their international partners. A 13 page supplement presents a timeline covering incidents reported in the media over the 12-month period from September 2008 to August 2009, inclusive. Both printed and online publications were monitored, primarily but not exclusively in English. Yemen’s press was classified as ‘Not Free’ in the 2009 Freedom of the Press Index and Yemen was ranked 172nd out of 195 countries (Freedom House, 2009). In particular, the government has imposed considerable restrictions on reporting political developments in the south since early 2009, and more generally on the war in Sa’dah. The 199 incidents documented below should therefore be read as indicative of the manifestation of armed violence in Yemen rather than as a comprehensive audit. Nevertheless, they encompass incidents in which approximately 740 people were killed and at least a further 734 injured. Details: Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2010. 12p., supplement Source: Internet Resource: Issue Brief: Available December 13, 2010 at: http://www.yemenviolence.org/pdfs/Yemen-Armed-Violence-IB1-Tracking-armed-violence-in-Yemen.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Yemen URL: http://www.yemenviolence.org/pdfs/Yemen-Armed-Violence-IB1-Tracking-armed-violence-in-Yemen.pdf Shelf Number: 120450 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gun Violence Guns Violence (Yemen) Violent Crime Weapons

Author: Hradilova-Selin, Klara Title: Partner Violence Against Women and Men Summary: For some time now, violence against women has attracted attention as being a major social problem – in particular, the violence men exert on their female partners. Studies based on various sources – criminal statistics, medical data and victim surveys – lead, in part, to different conclusions regarding the nature and extent of the violence, and its development over time. At the same time, knowledge is still lacking regarding the extent that men are exposed to violence in intimate relationships. Some studies indicate that this exposure may be relatively high. The question is important, particularly from a legal security point of view. Even those people exposed to violence who do not conform to the conventional image of a typical crime victim are entitled to be treated well by the judicial system. The purpose of the report is to highlight two main issues: 1. The extent and nature of violence in intimate relationships. Who suffers? To what extent do people exposed to violence in intimate relationships experience feelings of fear and insecurity? 2. How strong is the confidence in the judicial system among people exposed to violence in partner relationships? How do these people regard their contacts with the judicial system (the police)? What support have they received? Details: Stockholm: Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, 2009. 10p. Source: Internet Resource: English Summary of Bra Report No. 2009:12: Accessed December 13, 2010 at: http://www.bra.se/extra/measurepoint/?module_instance=4&name=Partner_violence_aginst_woman_and_men_summary.pdf&url=/dynamaster/file_archive/090729/59ea9f3217210134a9ad69076ca8c4e9/Partner%255fviolence%255faginst%255fwoman%255fand%255fmen%255fsummary.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Sweden URL: http://www.bra.se/extra/measurepoint/?module_instance=4&name=Partner_violence_aginst_woman_and_men_summary.pdf&url=/dynamaster/file_archive/090729/59ea9f3217210134a9ad69076ca8c4e9/Partner%255fviolence%255faginst%255fwoman%255 Shelf Number: 120490 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence (Sweden) Victims of Family Violence, Services for

Author: Breckenridge, Jan Title: Thinking About Homicide Risk: A Practice Framework for Counselling Summary: Research tells us that many women experiencing domestic violence do not disclose their experience when seeking counselling but instead raise other related problems such as relationship conflict, depression or parenting issues. These women may '�fall under the radar' if counsellors are not able to identify domestic violence and homicide risk. • Knowing how and when to assess for homicide risk is an essential skill for all counsellors who may work with women experiencing domestic violence, particularly those at non-specialist services. This paper proposes a multi-systemic practice framework to help counsellors assess for and respond to homicide risk in family violence contexts. The framework outlines the four main system domains that counsellors may need to address: the client system; the therapeutic relationship; the organisational context; and the system of services. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2010. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Stakeholder Paper 9: Accessed December 15, 2010 at: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/Stakeholder%20Paper_9.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/Stakeholder%20Paper_9.pdf Shelf Number: 120521 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicide Violence Against Women

Author: Alves, Maria Domingas Fernandes Title: Baseline Study on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Bobonaro and Covalima Summary: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a world wide phenomenon existing in all countries with power, domination and control, mainly by men, the primary cause. Factors contributing to its prevalence include conflict and post conflict situations, economic, social, cultural and geographic factors. Its existence reflects the inequality between men and women, and it is mostly women who are affected, with mostly men as offenders. SGBV can be perpetrated by intimate partners, family members and friends, as well as strangers. Many studies on sexual and gender-based violence have been conducted in Timor- Leste since 1999 by national and international organizations examining the prevalence, incidence, cultural context and legal mechanisms available to resolve individual cases, and prevent further SGBV. These have been reviewed by the research team for this study. Current information in Timor-Leste indicates that SGBV is the largest category of crimes reported to police. To respond to this problem the UNIFEM programme “Supporting Community-Led Initiatives of Women’s Engagement in Peace Building and Prevention of Sexual Violence”, collaborated with the Asia-Pacific Support Collective Timor-Leste (APSCTL) to conduct a study in 2007 to contribute to the evidence base of research already conducted. It was decided to conduct a pilot study as a bench mark in two border districts of Timor-Leste, Bobonaro and Covalima to provide more evidence to inform strategies to respond to, reduce and ultimately prevent sexual and gender-based violence. Details: Bangkok: UNIFEM East-Asia, 2009. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2010 at: http://unifem-eseasia.org/docs/SGBV_Baseline_study_Report_English_version.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Asia URL: http://unifem-eseasia.org/docs/SGBV_Baseline_study_Report_English_version.pdf Shelf Number: 117818 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Timor-Leste)

Author: Flood, Michael Title: Where Men Stand: Men's Roles in Ending Violence Against Women Summary: This report maps where men stand in relation to violence against women. It describes how many men use violence against women, what men think about violence against women, and what role men can and do play in reducing and preventing this violence. Above all, this report is guided by the fundamental belief that men can play a positive role in preventing men’s violence against women. The report has been commissioned by the White Ribbon Foundation, whose mission is to prevent violence against women in Australia. The Foundation maintains the White Ribbon Campaign, centered on promoting men’s positive roles in preventing violence against women. The report offers good news. Most men see violence against women as unacceptable, and men’s attitudes have improved over time. Increasing numbers of men are taking part in efforts to end violence against women. Educational and other prevention strategies directed at men and boys can make a positive difference. And male involvement is on the policy agenda. At the same time, the report also details the bad news. Most men know that domestic violence and sexual assault are wrong, but men have done little to reduce this violence in their lives, families and communities. A significant minority of men hold violence-supportive attitudes, particularly those with more conservative attitudes towards gender in general. Men rarely take action to challenge the violence-supportive beliefs and behaviours they encounter from peers and others. Too many men believe common myths about violence, have ignored women’s fears and concerns about their safety, and have stayed silent in the face of other men’s violence-supportive attitudes and behaviours. There are important barriers to men’s involvement in anti-violence work. And violence prevention work with men and boys remains small and scattered, although its momentum and sophistication are growing. Details: Sydney: White Ribbon Foundation, 2010. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 9, 2011 at: White Ribbon Prevention Research Series, No. 2: http://www.whiteribbonday.org.au/media/documents/WR%20PR%20Series%20Flood%20Report%20No%202%20Nov%202010%20full%20report%20final%2011.10.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.whiteribbonday.org.au/media/documents/WR%20PR%20Series%20Flood%20Report%20No%202%20Nov%202010%20full%20report%20final%2011.10.pdf Shelf Number: 120738 Keywords: Abusive Men Battered Women Domestic Violence Male Batterers Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Australia)

Author: Burman, Michelle Title: Responding to Gender-based Violence in Scotland: The Scope of the Gender Equality Duty to Drive Cultural and Practical Change Summary: This research, undertaken for the Equality and Human Rights Commission by the Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research explores some of the arguments for and against a gender aggravation in Scots criminal law before considering the evidence thus far of the impact the Gender Equality Duty (GED) has had on Scotland's criminal justice system, and makes a number of useful recommendations for the future. This research has its roots in well-established policy debates in Scotland. Following the passage of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003, which introduced a new statutory aggravation for crimes motivated by religious prejudice, the then Scottish Executive convened a working group to explore and make recommendations on whether there was a case for similar provision for other social groups. The report and recommendations of the Hate Crime Working Group, published in 2004, recognised that the debate to introduce gender aggravation was one of the most contested issues which it had looked at, but it did not believe that at that stage it could recommend introducing such a provision. These debates re-emerged with Patrick Harvie's member's bill which was to become the Offences (Aggravation by Prejudice) (Scotland) Act 2009. The Equality and Human Rights Commission, along with many organisations in the women's sector in Scotland, stated in its evidence on the bill that it did not believe that a statutory gender aggravation would be an effective additional criminal justice response to identifying and tackling crime motivated by gender prejudice. This of course begs the question about what is required to better address these types of crime. This piece of research aims to be a useful contribution to this debate. It explores some of the arguments for and against a gender aggravation in Scots criminal law before considering the evidence thus far of the impact the Gender Equality Duty (GED) has had on Scotland's criminal justice system, and makes a number of useful recommendations for the future. The EHRC subscribes to a gendered model of violence against women, which sees it as both a cause and consequence of wider gender inequality. We hope this report can help inform ongoing policy debate on criminal justice agencies' response to violence against women, particularly in light of the new single equality duty which Scottish Ministers will in due course place on Scottish public authorities under powers conferred on them by the Equality Act 2010. We believe that the appropriate regulatory framework for public bodies working in this area is one of the prerequisites for further improving on Scotland's record of identifying and tackling gender-based crime. Details: Edinburgh: Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2009. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 19, 2011 at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/Scotland/Research/responding_to_gender-based_violence_in_scotland_report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/Scotland/Research/responding_to_gender-based_violence_in_scotland_report.pdf Shelf Number: 120833 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Crime (Scotland) Violence Against Women

Author: Velzeboer, Marijke Title: Violence Against Women: The Health Sector Responds Summary: Gender-based violence (GBV) is one of the most widespread human rights abuses and public health problems in the world today, affecting as many as one out of every three women. It is also an extreme manifestation of gender inequity, targeting women and girls because of their subordinate social status in society. The consequences of GBV are often devastating and long-term, affecting women's and girls' physical health and mental well-being. At the same time, its ripple effects compromise the social development of other children in the household, the family as a unit, the communities where the individuals live, and society as a whole. Violence against Women: The Health Sector Responds provides a strategy for addressing this complex problem and concrete approaches for carrying it out, not only for those on the front lines attending to the women who live with violence, but also for decision-makers who may incorporate the lessons in the development of policies and resources. For those communities where support for women does not yet exist, the authors hope that this book will motivate health providers and leaders to more directly confront the issue of genderrelated violence and ensure support to affected women in resolving their situation. Details: Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 2003. 147p. Source: Internet Resource: Occasional Publication No. 12: Accessed March 18, 2011 at: http://www.paho.org/english/ad/ge/VAW-HealthSectorResponds.pdf Year: 2003 Country: International URL: http://www.paho.org/english/ad/ge/VAW-HealthSectorResponds.pdf Shelf Number: 121064 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Gender Victims of Family Violence, Services for Violence Against Women

Author: Bromfield, Leah Title: Issues for the Safety and Wellbeing of Children in Families with Multiple and Complex Problems: The Co-occurrence of Domestic Violence, Parental Substance Misuse, and Mental Health Problems Summary: The factors most commonly associated with the occurrence of child abuse and neglect, and identified in families involved with child protection services, are domestic violence, parental substance abuse and parental mental health problems. The significance of parental substance misuse, mental health problems and domestic violence is made clear in the National Framework for Protecting Australia’s Children, which states “A particular focus is sustained on key risk factors of mental health, domestic violence and drug and alcohol abuse” (Council of Australian Governments, 2009). Families in which parents present with these problems are often situated within a wider context of exclusion and disadvantage (e.g., housing instability, poverty, low education, social isolation and neighbourhood disadvantage). Parents may also be struggling to come to terms with their own experiences of trauma and victimisation. These types of problems are complex, often inter-related, and chronic in nature and rarely occur in isolation. Where these problems occur within families, the families are described as “families with multiple and complex problems”. This paper investigates the separate impacts of parental substance misuse, domestic violence and parental mental health problems. It presents evidence regarding the extent to which these problems co-occur and a discussion of the wider context of exclusion and disadvantage, its causes and its consequences. Finally, it provides an overview of research and theory for working with families with multiple and complex problems. Details: Melbourne: National Child Protection Clearinghouse, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2010. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: NCPC Issues No. 33: Accessed March 21, 2011 at: http://twitemail.com/users/14808835/5/attachment/20101215-%20The%20Safety%20&%20Wellbeing%20of%20Children%20in%20Families%20with%20Multiple%20&%20Complex%20Problems.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://twitemail.com/users/14808835/5/attachment/20101215-%20The%20Safety%20&%20Wellbeing%20of%20Children%20in%20Families%20with%20Multiple%20&%20Complex%20Problems.pdf Shelf Number: 121083 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Protection Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Mental Health Substance Abuse

Author: Nagele, Barbara Title: Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women -- Summary Report Summary: Supported by the European Commission in the Daphne III programme and coordinated by German Police University (Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei), researchers at the universities of Białystok (Poland) and Sheffield (UK), the research institutes Cesis - Centro de Estudos para a Intervenção Social (Portugal), Zoom – Gesellschaft für prospektive Entwicklungen e.V. (Germany), the Institut für Konfliktforschung (Austria) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences simultaneously explored the topic of violence against women 60 and over at the hands of current and former intimate partners in the six countries. Research tools were developed jointly and the methodological approach coordinated internationally. The research programme comprised the following steps: 1 . Compiling and evaluating data from (domestic) violence support services as well as existing statistics (e.g. from the police) to determine the age structure of registered cases of intimate partner violence; reviewing existing research on the issue 2 . Conducting a survey amongst institutions with probable or at least possible knowledge of cases of intimate partner violence against older women 3 . Interviewing experts having knowledge of cases identified by means of the institutional survey 4 . Interviewing older women currently affected by intimate partner violence or having been victims of IPV in the past 5 . Developing recommendations for national and international contexts involving relevant actors with the aim of improving long-term support for older female victims of intimate partner violence. Institutional knowledge was surveyed and evaluated in research steps 1-3 and 5, while female victims themselves were interviewed in step 4. In addition to information on the problem, its dimensions as reflected in institutional statistics, characteristics of female victims of IPV, male perpetrators and the partnership, attention was especially focused on women’s help-seeking behaviour, how the help system dealt with these cases and on needs and options for service improvement. This report sums up the results of the surveys in all six participating countries. In the country reports, country specific information is given relating to the domestic violence support system and the situation of older women. This information helps to explain many differences we observed in our study. We explicitly encourage readers to make use of the national reports in this respect (see www.ipvow.org). In the national reports all relevant instruments can be found. In the foreword some definitional issues are tackled. Following the executive summary in chapter I in Chapter II the study and the questions posed are presented and conceptual and methodological considerations explained. The research team and the individual steps of the survey are described in detail. In chapter III the results of our review of existing research and data are presented. Although only one Scottish study with an exclusive focus on IPV against older women could be identified, a considerable body of research exists on several issues closely connected to the topic of this study. Some of the studies on elder abuse and neglect as well as on violence against and abuse of older women include information on IPV; the same is true for some (prevalence) studies on domestic violence and victimization surveys. Studies clearly show an age related decline in victimization, but point out that relevant numbers are affected and victims face specific problems. This justifies a special consideration of the phenomenon. In most countries, an overall lack of data on IPV against older women can be observed. Data are usually not sufficiently disaggregated by gender, age, relationship between victim and perpetrator, and type of offence. But still some (mostly regional) data from (domestic) violence and crisis intervention services, police and public prosecutors shed some light on the institutional knowledge of cases. They show that the proportion of older women amongst all female clients is generally low, but higher in non-residential services than in shelters and refuges. Case knowledge of law enforcement agencies is overall low. Significant differences between countries can be observed and should be explored. Chapter IV presents the results of the comparative analysis of data of the institutional survey. This survey examines institutional case knowledge and experts’ perceptions of the issue. A fully standardized questionnaire was sent to a broad range of institutions and professions with possible case knowledge including medical and nursing professions, counselling services and psychosocial institutions, clergy, legal professions and institutions of law enforcement. Sample sizes and compositions differ largely between countries. The overall response rate was 28,6%. Two thirds of the 922 responding institutions reported to have had contact with older female victims of IPV in the years 2006 to 2009. Only one third of public health institutions and institutions dealing with care of older people reported about having encountered such victims, but a high rate of (domestic) violence institutions did. In a 3-year period (2006 to 2008), 10.262 victims got into contact with the participating institutions in the six countries. For 2009 – the year in which the survey was conducted – contacts to 6.073 victims were reported. A major part of the victims have suffered multiple types of violence. According to the experts, violence was overwhelmingly frequent, unilateral, long lasting, and it had started before the age of 60. The perpetrator was the cohabiting partner in 81,2% and a former partner - partly co-habiting (especially in Hungary because of shortage in housing) and partly not co-habiting - in 18,8% of the cases. Institutions were informed about the violence most frequently by the police (47,8% of the cases) or by the victim herself (36,2% of the cases). Other institutions – e.g. health service institutions – play a minor role in case referral. More important are other persons close to the victim. More than half of the organisations with case experience provided psycho-social support, legal advice, and crisis intervention for the victims or information for other institutions in the case. The majority of experts perceive older female victims to be especially reluctant to separation and to face peculiar difficulties when trying to leave the abusive relationship. In chapter V, findings of the interviews with older female victims and with experts are provided. As regards victim interviews, most research teams experienced big difficulties accessing interviewees and thus used multiple and different ways to gain access. A total of 195 interviews with specialists and 58 interviews with older female victims of IPV were carried out. According to experts’ and victims’ reports, women and men involved in violent intimate relationships come from all social and educational backgrounds and violence is predominantly performed by cohabiting partners within long-standing relationship. Often reported is a traditional gender role distribution with high degrees of economic dependency of the women. All interviewed women disclosed some form of partner abuse within their relationship though many were reluctant to use terms such as ‘domestic violence’ or ‘partner violence’ and often appeared to minimise the severity and significance of the abuse they had been subjected to. Most of the women experienced violence already in the beginning of their relationship and throughout the complete course of the marriage. Unequal power relations, gender specific roles and patriarchal societal structures are mentioned as causes of IPV against older women. Alcohol consumption/ alcoholism, abuse of medication and jealousy are seen as triggers. Nevertheless, in a couple of cases violence starts or worsens in older age and the following factors may lead to a late onset or aggravation of violence: increasing dependency (care, household matters), matters relating to property, mental disorders such as dementia and substance abuse, retirement of partner (loss of self-esteem and increase in time spent together), alcohol abuse and sexual disturbances. Older women usually experience a combination of several forms of violence like psychological and physical violence as well as (social) control and financial exploitation and dependency, sexual violence as well as (in fewer cases) intentional neglect. In most cases, unidirectional violence by the male partner against the older women is reported. The cases are marked by pronounced shame of the women, social isolation, psychological disorders, low self esteem and reduced options for change. Health problems play a major role in cases of IPV against older women, they increase vulnerability, reduce coping opportunities and options for help seeking. In our study, it became apparent that often also other persons in the social proximity of older women have to be considered as perpetrators such as sons (in high numbers), neighbours, acquaintances, children of new partners, tenants, staff members of care services were mentioned as perpetrators. For many older women victims of IPV, experiences of (male) violence appear to be a biographical constant. Many of them experienced rigid upbringing by their parents and had experiences of violence in their childhood and as young adults. They were brought up to accept traditional gender roles and were taught to perceive marriage as a life-time commitment. There are many reasons for them for not leaving their violent partners, but the wish to change the situation and live free from violence is very strong. The study shows that age on the intersection with gender and generation specific factors plays a role on different levels. Among the after-effects of long-term abuse are severe health and psychological problems as well as low self-esteem and financial dependency in higher age. This may make it more difficult for older women to end the relationship than for younger women who have been in the relationship only for a shorter time. The historical and current societal contexts in the participating countries shape women’s experiences of IPV. Examples for country specific differences are the different importance of religion, of alcohol abuse, specific experiences of dictatorship and war, specific values and gender roles, the current economic situation and country specific urban – rural gaps. For all countries it became clear that in most cases IPV against older women is deeply rooted in inequality and power issues in the relation of men and women. In addition age related vulnerability, marginality and dependency worsen the situation for many women. But it also became apparent that IPV against older women may also be caused in mental illness of the partner. It is highly important to differentiate cases. For experts, working with older women victims of IPV often means facing bigger challenges than working with younger women in a similar situation. Older women victims of IPV, when they seek support, foremost seek information about their rights and someone with whom they can build a trustworthy relationship and share their feelings. Older women less often separate from their violent partners or press charges against them and they less often know about and make use of services. Specialists often see a special demand for support of older women which, according to them, is not yet met appropriately. Nevertheless, older women seek help - with relatives, neighbours, institutions against domestic violence, the police and other law enforcement agencies, doctors, and social services. Older women’s greatest needs if they are exposed to violence by their partners are health, finance and housing-related. Housing stands as one of the main problems older women have to deal with and as one of the strongest limitations to the intervention that support institutions can engage in. Most institutions deplore a lack of resources for being able to give appropriate support to older women as well as in some cases a lack of close cooperation with other institutions. In chapter VI we present recommendations in an overview and refer to the European dimension. Recommendations were derived from national recommendations and discussed at an international expert workshop. Details: Gottingen: Zoom – Gesellschaf t für prospekt ive Entw icklungen e.V.; Munster: Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, 2010. 116p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/summary_report_final.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/summary_report_final.pdf Shelf Number: 121235 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse (Europe) Elderly Victims Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Srinivasan, Anupama Title: Gender Violence as Insecurity: Research Trends in South Asia Summary: Across the world, gender violence is pervasive and persistent, cutting across divisions of class, caste, age and community. Across the world, data on gender violence is inadequate; there are few research initiatives that monitor, track and analyze gender violence in a sustained manner. These two statements, variations of which are common in most publications on gender violence or violence against women (VAW), represent a curious contradiction. We do not know enough about the incidence, causes, costs and consequences of gender violence; but we do know that it is highly prevalent in its many forms and manifestations and that it adversely impacts the lives of women and men across the world. The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the state of research on gender violence in South Asia. Without research to lend direction and suggest approaches, advocacy and activism run the risk of becoming ad hoc, however well-intentioned and well-executed. The nature, quality and accessibility of research make a tremendous difference to the service, advocacy and policy-making sectors that work on this issue. Details: Santiago de Chile: The Global Consortium on Security Transformation (GCST), 2011. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: New Voices Series, No. 9: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.securitytransformation.org/images/publicaciones/197_New_Voices_Series_9_-_Gender_Violence_as_Insecurity.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Asia URL: http://www.securitytransformation.org/images/publicaciones/197_New_Voices_Series_9_-_Gender_Violence_as_Insecurity.pdf Shelf Number: 121239 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (South Asia)

Author: Perista, Heloisa Title: Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women. National Report Portugal Summary: Up to now only little is known about older women as victims of intimate partner violence in Europe. The issue often gets lost between the topics intimate partner violence, domestic violence and elder abuse – both in research and in service provision. Domestic violence services and research on the one hand generally do not have a special focus on older women and age-related issues, and elder (abuse) services and research with their focus on vulnerability and care issues on the other hand usually are not sensitive to gender-specific dimensions of violence in partnerships. An age specific approach and a gender specific approach to family violence seem to exclude each other for the most part. The Intimate Partner Violence against older Women study (IPVoW) – a European research project conducted by 7 partners in 6 countries - started its research activities with the aim to bridge this gap and come to a comprehensive age- and gender-sensitive view on the issue. This report explains the goals and methods of IPVoW, presents and discusses the findings of this multi-method study and gives directions for future research and support for older women victims of intimate partner violence. In this report the situation in Portugal is highlighted. Intimate partner violence against older women in Portugal has deserved little attention in politics, in the media, in scientific research, in support organisations for victims of violence, in older people support organisations and in society in general. However, on the other hand, this has becoming less and less a taboo in our society. The pertinence of this problem seems obvious, in a world where societies are increasingly getting old. Also, ageing in society has a feminine face, as do the victims of intimate partner violence. Our data review points out to the systemic invisibility of the phenomenon in Portugal. Intimate partner violence against older women is rarely a topic of concern in Portugal. This is evidenced by the available data collected and analysed in the report; we come across a rather partial portion of the overall picture (for instance, no data available from the health sector). The number of older women who have experienced violence in intimate relations all their lives is estimated to be somewhat considerable. Institutional data and research conducted in Portugal did not, until now, contribute to give an adequate visibility to this phenomenon. Data on reported criminalisation show us that, in 2008, 14.2% of domestic violence victims were aged 55 years and older55. In 2007 88% of older victims of crimes in general, reported to the National Republic Guard (GNR)56, were women (aged 65 and older); 40.3% of those crimes were domestic violence crimes followed by 31.3% of crimes of abuse. Data gathered by our research revealed that in a three-year period (2006-2009) 803 older women victim of intimate partner violence contacted the organisations that responded to our institutional survey. Although we must emphasise that our research never aimed to be a prevalence study, rather an in-depth case knowledge study, numbers gathered here are important to call attention upon intimate partner violence against older women. As it has been often publicly recognised by all relevant international, European and national institutions, violence against women is not a private or an individual matter. Neither is intimate partner violence against older women. Portugal has a specific history, determining social and cultural contexts that impose particular generational dimensions –women who are now old grew up and lived part of their adult lives under a political dictatorship, where women and men played contrasting social and family roles, their identities being severely gendered, and under a very strict social control. That regime dictated that motherhood and family life were women's primary roles. Women were somewhat confined in the private sphere of their homes. On the other hand, men’s main role was mainly the family breadwinning. This context set the path to the present situation of many Portuguese older women – they are extremely vulnerable to poverty, living in poor and deteriorated housing conditions, and disposing of a very low income. Our interviews show that about half of the women interviewed receive a monthly pension below €300. The Catholic Church also played an important role within the dictatorship. Women were married for life; it was regarded as their duty to maintain the relationship regardless what happen. And this was magnified by the State conferring no right to legal divorce under Salazar regime. Although over 30 years have passed since the end of the ‘Estado Novo’ regime, the gendered social and cultural identities and behaviours still play a role particularly in older people’s ways of living. In fact, cultural attitudes towards endless marriages and relationships prevail among older people but also among the society as a whole when looking at older couples. Nevertheless, in the lives of the older women we have interviewed violence begins early; most women said that the first episode of intimate partner violence took place within a year of their marital relationship. A significant number of the staff interviewed stated that most older women victims of intimate partner violence they’ve been in contact with had little or no intention to leave their homes; they said that what those women wish is to change their situation and live free from violence. The way this change could happen may vary (according to the professionals’ views) – relationship rupture / legal divorce, living in separated homes; maintenance of a common home but the relationship comes apart; continuing to live together within a more secure relationship (sometimes negotiated with the male partner as well). However, the older women we’ve interviewed did not wish to maintain their relationship; they wanted to break up. And from the group of seven, only two (the oldest ones) remain living in the same home as their perpetrator. In fact, when they decided to look for help and to make contact with a support organization they were quite convinced of what they wanted – to end up the relationship. More than the emotional ties (if existing), the housing and financial difficulties are the main bindings for remaining in a violent relationship. The violent relationships are framed, in old age, particularly by psychological violence and emotional abuse; these are, at present, the forms of violence that older women experienced more frequently. Nevertheless, interviewed older women also experience physical, financial and sexual violence. Also prevalent are intimate relationships characterized by adultery on the part of the male partner, often continuing into old age. Intimate partner violence is fundamentally a violence of control; control that can be maintained in many ways, especially after physical violence has been perpetrated. And particularly in old age fear and control are high, while physical injury is overall, low. We also found differences between urban and rural contexts. In rural areas the social control and tension over one’s role and way of life are stronger than in urban areas; also, in general, there is a wider lack of service provision and information. We must keep in mind that supporting services and political measures on preventing domestic violence and supporting victims of violence in Portugal are a relatively new achievement. This in itself may have inhibited women in the past from breaking up violent intimate relationships. At present, though, the lack of awareness about who might help and support them may also be inhibiting a significant number of older women experiencing intimate partner violence of ending up the cycle of violence. The influence and support given by other family members or adult children played a crucial role in the help seeking behaviour of the interviewed older women. The majority of them had, in the past, some kind of support from their family members. On the other hand, neighbours often played an important role in providing safety and immediate support. They were, somehow, protected by them, and sometimes encouraged to seek for help. Adult children often provided relevant support and, sometimes, were the ones who encouraged and accompanied their mothers to seek for formal help within support organisations. Formal help comes usually later and in a stage where the rupture of the relationship is key to the solution. That was even acknowledged by some professionals as regarding their own professional performance - ‘it’s easier to work with those who leave their partner than with those who remain living with the perpetrator” [Interviewee 22, Support Center for Victims of Domestic Violence, Psychology]. We could recognize different approaches towards intimate partner violence against older women in different (types of) services. This not only reflected cultural and professional backgrounds but also different skills and competences among the staff in institutions. The critical issue here is that sometimes this can, and in some reported cases it did, compromise the outcomes, acting as real barriers to an effective support. Professionals recognised that sometimes they thought that if ‘this woman withstood 30 or more years living in a violent relationship, why would she now leave when she (and her partner) is old?’. It is, in fact, the professional and personal answer to that question that can make the difference in the support to be given to older women. Also the lack of (human and financial) resources persisting today in support organisations to victims of violence is definitely one of the main barriers to older women victims of intimate partner violence finding adequate support. Older women who lived in long-lasting violent relationships may take a longer time to take a decision. Therefore longer support is often needed. The lack of resources within supporting organisations is thus turning into an obstacle adding to the other social and individual challenges and difficulties older women already face. Older women experiencing intimate partner violence have been significantly exposed to long-term violence, suffer and trauma; and those who do not contact supporting organizations are more likely to live with the abuser and to remain in violent relationships all their lives. The needs of older women victims of intimate partner violence are quite the same as their younger counterparts – safety, access to social and heath care, social and family ties, financial support and economical stability, a place to live in peace and security, among others. It is rather the way they access to and the required duration of services and support measures that differ. Older women, and particularly those who are over 75, are, in many cases, low educated, sometimes illiterate, having, therefore, less access to knowledge about their own (legal) rights. These circumstances can lead to one’s enclosure on violent relationship, not looking for help and support. And this is particularly evident as regards to housing and financial strains – older women lived all their lives in the family home, in what they regard as being part of their own heritage, and receive scarce old-age pensions. They do not see an immediate solution for their problems beyond keeping on living within a violent relationship. Therefore, giving information about possible alternatives to those older women could be one part of the solution as well as psychological support when needed. The women we’ve interviewed were part of the group that came forward with their situation and looked for help and support. When informed, they prove to be very pro-active in dealing with their own situation and in looking for secure life alternatives. In the final part of our report some recommendations proposed by the staff interviewed as well as by the experts who have participated in our national expert network are presented. Acknowledging that these recommendations are quite detailed, losing, somehow, the required strength, they have the capability to be clearly understood and put into practice by the respective professionals/institutions. Details: Lisbon: CESIS – Centro de Estudos para a Intervenção Social, 2010. 268p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVOW_Portugal_english_final.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Portugal URL: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVOW_Portugal_english_final.pdf Shelf Number: 121242 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse (Portugal) Elderly Victims Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Penhale, Bridget Title: Intimate Partner Violence Against Older Women. National Report - United Kingdom Summary: Intimate partner violence against older women (IPVoW) is a serious issue, which has received increasing attention over the past decade. However, the majority of this research has been conducted in the United States and there is a paucity of research investigating IPVoW in Europe. Research has largely neglected to investigate the issue of double marginality (age and gender) and the intersections between these forms of marginalization: research on elder abuse has focused on age and largely neglected considerations of gender, whilst research from within the sphere of domestic violence has not fully considered aspects relating to age. Therefore, the main aim of this national study was to investigate the extent and nature of the problem of partner violence against older women in the UK. The study formed part of a larger international research project which investigated the problem of IPVoW in six European countries which included: Austria; Germany; Hungary; Poland; and Portugal, as well as the UK, with the German Police University (DHPol) in Muenster German coordinating the international research project. All of the partner organizations contributed to the design of the research and employed the same methodological approaches to investigate the problem of IPVoW in their respective national contexts. The current research project had a multi-method and multi-perspective approach and consisted of five distinct research phases: 1. A review of existing literature was conducted to develop knowledge of the prevalence and incidence of intimate partner violence against older women. 2. An institutional survey was conducted to investigate key organizations’ experiences of providing support to older female victims of IPV. 3. Interviews with older female victims of IPV were carried out to explore older women’s experiences of partner violence and their help seeking behaviour. 4. Interviews with staff, that had experience of supporting older women and/or survivors of IPV, were also conducted to investigate their experiences and perspectives on this issue. 5. A national network of experts was convened, with representatives from national organizations (e.g. from the field of violence against women, law enforcement agencies and policy-makers). These networks supported data collection and contributed to the recommendations for further research/data collection, service development and policy. Chapter 2 of this national report appraises international research on IPVoW and provides a summary of research and policy relevant to this issue at the international level. Chapter 3 discusses the social and cultural issues relating to IPVoW and highlights key developments, which have occurred over recent decades that have been influential in how this problem is conceptualised and managed within UK society. Although the issue of elder abuse was first recognized in the UK in the mid 1970s, it was not until some 15 years later that the issue was fully iden- tified as a social problem in need of attention. The first policy guidance on the issue was produced in England in 1993 although this was somewhat limited in scope. Subsequent guidance was produced in England and Wales in 2000 and related to all adult service users who might be vulnerable to differing forms of abuse rather than specifically older people. The policy guidance in both nations is currently under review. Over the past decade the discrete nations of the UK have developed somewhat different approaches to the issue of abuse of vulnerable adults. Generally, the issue of IPVoW has not been considered separately to that of other adult service users of community and social care services, but is conceptualized as an element of the abuse of vulnerable adults (known as adults at risk in Scotland). Domestic violence has mostly been considered in relation to younger adult women and is dealt with differently to the issue of adult abuse. There has been rather limited attention to the issue of IPVoW within domestic violence services and provision until recent years. Chapter 4 presents the findings from the review of existing UK data. A series of information sources were reviewed including police and crime statistics and information provided by a range of support services. The data available on IPVoW was critically evaluated and suggestions regarding how some of the limitations of data collection methods could be overcome were presented. The review of existing data revealed that there is currently a shortage of accurate data relating to the prevalence, extent and nature of intimate partner violence against older women in the UK. The research also highlighted key areas, which warrant further investigation. It was suggested that in order to gain an understanding of the prevalence of IPVoW, methods which investigate the prevalence, as well as incidence, of partner violence against older women should be employed, routine collection of demographic information of service users by support services (older adult services, domestic violence agencies and adult safeguarding/protection teams) is required and women aged over 59 years should be included within the self completion module of British Crime Survey on domestic abuse. It is also proposed that future research needs to explore the perspectives and experiences of those older female victims of partner violence who have not engaged with support services. Chapter 5 describes the findings from the national institutional survey. Informa- tion obtained from the institutional survey revealed information on the extent to which older women have been engaging with support services for older people and/or services for victims of domestic violence in the past 4 years. Thus the survey was a first step in exploring the extent of case knowledge about IPVoW within relevant agencies; coupled with the interviews held with professionals about their knowledge and understanding of such situations and experiences of working in this field, a greater depth of information and understanding about the issue and about service responses to older women who experience IPVoW has been obtained. The survey also collected information on the types of support provided to older female victims of partner violence by the different agencies. The survey was sent out in the autumn of 2009, and unfortunately, only obtained a low response rate (19%). Some of the reasons for this low rate are discussed in the chapter, together with other limitations of this element of the study. Just under half of the respondents (46%) were from local authority Social Services and over one third (35%) were from domestic violence agencies. Of the responding agencies, 85% reported that they had knowledge of cases of IPV and older women in the relevant time period (2006-2009). Most of the respondents provided information about cases of IPVoW that their organization had been involved with between 2006 and 2008, some were also able to provide information pertaining to 2009. Almost three-quarters of responding agencies (73%) provided information covering the entire period of 2006-2009. Apart from one national organization, which reported relatively high numbers of cases known to them, most agencies reported modest numbers of cases that had been known to them, with a range between 0 and 331 cases of women over 60 years who had experienced IPV during 2006-2008 and a range between 0 and 121 such cases relating to the first nine months of 2009. The majority of cases known to agencies during this period concerned women in the age range of 60-74 years. Whilst 96% of responding agencies reported that they had knowledge of cases relating to older women aged between 60 and 74 years during the time period, only 82% of agencies indicated such knowledge about cases relating to older women who were older than 75 years. Chapters 6 and 7 describe findings from the series of interviews, which were conducted with 10 women who had experienced IPV and 35 professionals who had provided support to older women/survivors of domestic abuse. Victims’ and professionals’ experiences and perspectives relating to partner violence against older women were explored. One of the main findings from these series of interviews was that partner violence does not appear to decrease or stop as women enter into ‘older age’. Interestingly, however, in some cases the type of violence women were subjected to did change. Situations were described where perpetrators who were no longer capable of physical violence (e.g. due to physical frailty) resorted to using alternative methods of abuse (e.g. increased psychological abuse). Women felt that it was fear that had often caused them the greatest difficulties when it came to leaving their violent relationship, considering leaving the situation or accessing help for the violence they had experienced. Fear of other people’s reactions, fear that the violence would get worse if they tried to leave/sought help and fear they would not be able to support themselves financially were all significant barriers to leaving and even help seeking in more general terms. The findings seemed to suggest that a proportion of older women may be at an increased vulnerability because of the dependence on their partners for financial security and/or their health care needs (and that in some situations a double dependency may occur, which may further heighten risk). Both the staff and women interviewed felt that there was limited information available to older female victims of IPV regarding the help and support which is available to older women who have experienced partner violence. One of the main recommendations which emerged from the interviews with the female victims of IPV and the support service professionals, was that organizations (domestic violence and older adult services) need to raise older women’s awareness about the services and support they can offer for older female victims of intimate partner violence. This requires the adjustment of terminology used in publicity / campaigns so that it is more widely understood by this group of women (e.g. avoidance of terms such as ‘domestic violence’). Materials need to be developed in the languages that are used in local communities so that these campaigns are both inclusive and effective. It was also proposed that staff from services, which have regular contact with older women (e.g. health services, domiciliary care providers, housing services) should have training in the recognition, identification and management of intimate partner violence in older people. Another key recommendation was that there needs to be increased collaboration between specialist domestic violence agencies and organizations that provide support for older people/vulnerable adults, including relevant local authority teams, so that the sharing of experiences and knowledge transfer can be established, to the benefit of all (including most centrally older women who experience IPVoW. It was argued, by women and staff alike, that the provision of a variety of mobile interventions (e.g. floating support, support groups, ‘buddying’ schemes) and improved emergency accommodation, which is appropriate and accessible for older women, is also essential. An additional recommendation was that older women need to be able to access financial support if they choose to leave a violent relationship. It was suggested that financial support needs to be available for older women who are dependent on their abusive partners for financial security, and that this should include access to emergency financial support in cases of urgent need. In cases where women are not eligible for community care grants or housing benefits (because of savings or pensions) these women should be eligible for alternative sources of financial support, this may be particularly important in cases where women do not have access to their financial assets. Chapter 8 details how a national network of interested individuals and organizations was convened over the course of the two-year research study. A detailed account of how the national network contributed to the current research project and helped develop the final series of recommendations is outlined. Finally, chapter 9 discusses the findings from all of the different phases of the research study and presents the comprehensive list of recommendations relating to future research, policy and practice. Whilst it is recognised that some of the recommendations are specific to older female victims of IPV it is proposed that a number of these recommendations would benefit all victims of domestic violence and/or vulnerable older women. It is suggested that the recommendations made within this national report need to be given due attention by all those who are involved with this issue at policy, research or service levels so that older women are not left to suffer from partner violence in silence and that their voices may be heard. Details: Sheffield, UK: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, 2010. 243p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVoW_UK_englisch_final.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVoW_UK_englisch_final.pdf Shelf Number: 121243 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse (U.K.) Elderly Victims Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services

Author: Toth, Olga Title: Initimate Partner Violence Against Older Women. National Report - Hungary Summary: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) committed against elderly women has been an unexplored area in Hungary so far, thus the results of the project are stop-gap. - Aims and objectives of the research: gathering information on IPV against elderly women as a social phenomenon, becoming familiar with the how much the institutions and experts know about the cases and what their attitudes are, revealing the experiences of the victims, and above all, directing public attention to the phenomenon. - In Hungary research on intimate partner violence began in late 1990s. There are only comparatively few data of this topic, and the researches are usually not built upon one another. The specific problems of elderly women do not really receive great priority in the researches either. - The system of institutions dealing with the victims of IPV is less developed than in the Western countries, and the institutions themselves or the preparedness of the experts cannot be characterized as adequate either. - The social attitude to the topic is rather rejecting than accepting, its importance is not recognized. Institutional knowledge about cases of intimate partner violence against older women was a crucial component of research in the frame of the present study. Professionals working with older victims can provide information on phenomena of IPV in old age as well as on help-seeking behavior of older women, services offered, service usage, and case outcome. Since the study did not aim at representative data on prevalence and incidence but had its focus on older female victims’ needs, help-seeking and service usage, institutions and professionals within these institutions were a primary source of information. It has been again proved what other sociological research studies have demonstrated that use of self-completion questionnaires in Hungary is not expedient. Completing a questionnaire independently causes difficulties to and by all means evokes antipathy in many people. Therefore, if a similar kind of investigation is made in the future, it must be prepared more profoundly, possibly by involving the supervisory authorities of institutions. We distributed 125 short and 224 long questionnaires; the return rate was 23%. In the course of sampling we tried to involve a wide range of institutions (the police, public prosecutor’s offices, crisis centres, family helpers, help lines, institutions looking after and caring for the elderly, etc.). It was also due to low degree of sensitivity to the topic that only one-fourth of questionnaires sent out were returned. When we asked the institutions that had not returned the questionnaire for the second time to fill in at least the opinion questions and the questions regarding the institution even if they had no cases, we were often given the reply orally that they considered the topic uninteresting, unimportant. For this reason they feel the completion of the questionnaire is a kind of waste of time. In better cases, they underlined another form of violence from their practice as a more important subject more suitable for research (e.g. violence of elderly persons by their children, grandchildren). In worse cases, they judged the entire topic of violence within the family unimportant. The use of two kinds of questionnaires has brought no benefit to us. The short questionnaire did not motivate any better to complete it. It occurred that an institution asked for a long questionnaire but eventually did not complete it. The lesson learned from this study is that in similar researches in the future we must use one kind of questionnaire. Statistical data are available in aggregate form and many institutions have no clear knowledge about the most important socio-demographic features of victims and perpetrators. It means that institutions have no official data but estimation or we have obtained rather different data regarding the number of elderly female IPV victims. In addition to the aggregating data, the family relation of the perpetrator with the victim is the most properly documented question. Based on the data available to us, the institutions – where it is documented – met mostly with cases where physical-spiritual-financial violence goes together. The overall majority of violence was one-sided, multiply, long-lasting and starting before the age of 60. The perpetrator is generally the spouse or divorced spouse living together with the victim if the parties do not manage to move apart. We have received little information as to how the institutions got into contact with victims and what services they provided for them. It was mostly domestic violence service type institutions that gave the more detailed data about victims and services. These organizations provided several kinds of services to victims: primarily psycho-social support, legal advice and crisis intervention. Due to low-key information supplied on services, it would be difficult to make proposals on improving them. Yet, we can state that the experts of domestic violence organizations are the most prepared and the most suitable for providing help; therefore, improvement of these institutions and increasing the number of experts would be of key importance. Regarding the improvement of services, it is expedient for Hungary to use the experience of the other countries that take part in the project. The group that considers the topic less important constituted a minority, yet appeared among the respondents (27.8 %). Presumably, this view is more widely held among those who have not returned the questionnaire. A part of the experts assert that relationships of the elderly do not contain any element of violence; others consider the abusive role of other family members more important. However we think that sending out questionnaires and processing responses have brought some results. The most important is the fact that experts’ attention has been driven to this issue. It can be hoped that the institutions that have so far not dealt with this issue at all will pay somewhat more attention to this topic in the future. Details: Muenster, Germany: Ger­man Po­li­ce Uni­ver­si­ty and Deut­sche Hoch­schu­le der Po­li­zei, 2010. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2011 at: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVoW_Hungary_English_final.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Hungary URL: http://www.ipvow.org/images/stories/ipvow/reports/IPVoW_Hungary_English_final.pdf Shelf Number: 121244 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence (Hungary) Elder Abuse Elderly Victims Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services

Author: Bobbitt, Mike Title: Safe Return: Working Toward Preventing Domestic Violence When Men Return from Prison Summary: Strong family connections have been found to improve reentry outcomes, but they can be difficult to achieve. People returning from prison often face shifts in power dynamics with partners, changes in family structure, or unrealistic or unfulfilled expectations. In many cases, conflicting expectations and high levels of mistrust and frustration can contribute to tension and violence with intimate partners. The Safe Return Initiative focuses on strengthening domestic violence services for African American women and their children when they are facing the return of an intimate partner from prison. It does this by building culturally specific technical capacity within and cooperation among justice institutions and community-based and faith-based organizations. Its goals are to keep women and their children safe and improve the odds of successful reentry by offering peer-based learning, training, information sharing, and on-site assistance designed to help criminal justice and community-based organizations better serve African Americans dealing with prisoner reentry. Details: New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2006. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 12, 2011 at: http://www.vera.org/download?file=3031/SRIRoundtable_Final.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://www.vera.org/download?file=3031/SRIRoundtable_Final.pdf Shelf Number: 121322 Keywords: African American Women Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Prisoner Reentry

Author: Dolev & Associates Title: No Boundaries: The Tayside Domestic Abuse and Substance Misuse Project: Final Research Report Summary: In 2006, the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive) established the Multiple and Complex Needs Initiative with the aim of improving public services for people with multiple and complex needs. One of the objectives of the initiative was to understand the processes by which people with multiple and complex needs engage with services to resolve their problems, and to determine how service providers might better facilitate this process. With this objective in mind the Social Inclusion Division (formerly Social Inclusion and Voluntary Issues) provided funding for a series of pilot / demonstration projects in specific sectors which would work to address multiple needs. A pilot / demonstration project was established in August 2006 in Tayside by a consortium of partners from the domestic abuse and substance misuse sectors. The project was set-up to target women experiencing domestic abuse who also have substance misuse issues, and their children (if any). The first phase of this project consisted of a six-month research programme which aimed to validate existing anecdotal knowledge and to identify priority areas for the development of services. The project was undertaken on a Tayside wide basis, covering the three local authority areas of Perth and Kinross, Dundee City and Angus. Partners in delivery included three Domestic Abuse Forums, three Drug and Alcohol Action Teams (DAATs), and various other organisations (including Voluntary Sector organisations, Tayside police, NHS Tayside and others). The aim of the research element of the project was to identify depositional and organisational / institutional factors that positively and negatively affect the progression of women who are affected by domestic abuse and their own substance misuse at each stage of their service use (from access to outcomes), with a view to establishing: • Evidence of a link between domestic abuse and substance misuse • Incentives/barriers to accessing services • Experiences of service provision in both sectors • Experiences of partnership working between the two sectors • Links to other needs (i.e. homelessness, mental health issues). This report presents the results of a secondary analysis of data collected for the Tayside Domestic Abuse and Substance Misuse Project by a different research team. The secondary analysis was conducted by Dolev & Associates, with funding from the Scottish Government Multiple and Complex Needs Initiative. An attempt was made to identify the depositional and organisational factors which shape the experiences of women who are affected by domestic abuse and their own substance misuse at each stage of their service use from the existing data set. It is important to note, however, that this was not fully achievable due to some limitations of the data collected during the initial research project. The findings presented in this report include a review of the literature on the links between domestic abuse and substance misuse, and secondary analysis of (a) service users questionnaire; (b) Interviews with service users, and (c) Interviews with domestic abuse and substance misuse service providers. Details: Dundee, UK: Dundee City Council, 2008. 109p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 15, 2011 at: http://lx.iriss.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Report%20FINAL.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://lx.iriss.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Report%20FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 117820 Keywords: Domestic Abuse Domestic Violence Substance Abuse Victims of Domestic Violence, Services for Violence Against Women

Author: Jackson, Shelly L. Title: Financial Abuse of Elderly People vs. Other Forms of Elder Abuse: Assessing Their Dynamics, Risk Factors, and Society’s Response Summary: Financial exploitation of elderly people is expected to proliferate over the next decade as the elderly population continues to grow rapidly. This study examined financial exploitation of elderly people compared to other forms of elder maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect, and hybrid, i.e., financial exploitation and physical abuse and/or neglect) that occurred in a domestic setting. Using semi-structured interviews, 71 adult protective services (APS) caseworkers in Virginia and their elder client were interviewed separately about incidents of maltreatment that came to the attention of APS. Elderly participants were on average 76 years of age, 83% Caucasian, 76% female, and 84% were living in their own home. Interviews lasting between one and three hours covered a number of domains such as case characteristics, consequences, risk factors associated with the elderly victims and their perpetrators, the nature of the interactions between them, the APS investigation, the criminal justice response, and outcomes. In addition, data derived from the Adult Services Adult Protective Services (ASAPS) database managed by the Virginia Department of Social Services were used to in logistic regressions. Financial exploitation differed from other forms of elder maltreatment, specifically, physical abuse, neglect by other, and hybrid financial exploitation, across a number of important domains. Furthermore, financial exploitation is underreported, underinvestigated and underprosecuted. However, important differences existed among all four forms of elder abuse. An exploration of the dynamics of elder abuse facilitated a greater understanding of the different forms of elder abuse under investigation. Results further revealed discrepancies between APS caseworkers’ and elderly persons’ perceptions of the causes of the elder’s abuse. Furthermore, when differences did persist to the close of the case, the abuse was significantly less likely to cease. These findings indicate the critical need to separate theoretically and practically different types of elder maltreatment. Additionally, critical to increasing our understanding of elder maltreatment is the need to take into consideration perpetrators when examining, predicting, and explaining elder maltreatment and related interventions. An exclusive focus on elderly people will continue to undermine effective interventions. Implications for theory, research, policy, and intervention are discussed. Details: Final Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2010. 608p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2011 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/233613.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/233613.pdf Shelf Number: 121410 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Elderly Victims Financial Crimes

Author: Australia. Family Law Council. Title: Improving Responses to Family Violence in the Family Law System: An Advice on the Intersection of Family Violence and Family Law Issues Summary: This report to the Federal Attorney-General focuses on family violence if and when it becomes visible in the Family Law system in Australia. This visible pattern is only the tip of the iceberg of family violence, alcoholism, drug addiction and mental illness which is apparently entrenched in Australia. The Family Law Council report is only one of the multiple studies in progress at present on the causes, effects and responses to family violence in Australia. The report recommends: The definition of “family violence” in the Family Law Act be widened to include a range of threatening behaviour. That the Attorney General establish an expert panel under the direction of the Australian Institute of Family Studies to create an easy-to-understand “common knowledge base” on the known patterns and effects of family violence. This easily accessible information will assist to provide common and up-to-date information to all those involved in the family relationship and legal systems, including parents, relatives, counsellors, mediators, FRCS, legal aid officers, lawyers and courts. The Law Council of Australia and the Family Law Council co-operate to revise the booklet “Best Practice Guidelines for Lawyers Doing Family Law Work” to incorporate detailed information on family violence. A number of reforms take place to improve co-ordination and collaboration between the state and territory child protection agencies, and the federal Family Law Act, including: the transportability of state family violence injunctive orders; the establishment of a national register of family and violence orders ; and the establishment of a network data base which records family violence orders, and a residual family court power to require state Child Protection Agencies to become parties to Family Law Court proceedings about children. A further report be prepared on whether FDRP should be required to provide a report to the Family Law Courts or other bodies in some or all structure where family violence is admitted or suspected. The forms notifying the Family Law Courts about family violence be simplified. Consideration be given on how to educate the Australian public about certain widespread misunderstandings of the Family Law Act including: o Recurrent gossip that notification of family violence may lead to a judicial perception that the notifier is an “unfriendly parent” o Widespread perception that each parent now has a “starting right” to equal time (50/50) with children o Common belief that a parent will receive both substantial time with a child, and equal shared parental responsibility, (similar to historic (“guardianship”), despite a history of poor communication and hostility between parents; and despite the long term health and emotional consequences for children as casualties on such parental battlefields. These recommendations of the Family Law Council will need to be amalgamated with the various reports on family violence emerging in the next year. Details: Barton, ACT, AUS: Family Law Council, 2009. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2011 at: http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3273BD3F76A7A5DEDAE36942A54D7D90)~Family_Violence_Report.pdf/$file/Family_Violence_Report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3273BD3F76A7A5DEDAE36942A54D7D90)~Family_Violence_Report.pdf/$file/Family_Violence_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 121451 Keywords: Child Protection Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Victims of Family Violence

Author: Onslow, Charlotte Title: Breaking Patterns of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: Security and Justice Provision in Post-Conflict Nepal Summary: Following the 10-year conflict between the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and the government of Nepal, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the Constituent Assembly (CA) elections signalled the start of the peace and recovery process. Security provision and enabling access to justice are generally seen as core functions of the state, as well as fundamental building blocks for good governance, stability and socioeconomic development. The development of an adequately functioning, accessible and accountable security and justice system is therefore a critical component of the international community’s support to Nepal’s postconflict reconstruction process. At present, the EU and six key donor countries are providing ongoing support to the strengthening of the security and justice systems in Nepal. Sometimes termed justice and security sector reform (JSSR), donor support in Nepal comprises the following thematic focus areas: improving police effectiveness; establishing civilian oversight of the security forces; and strengthening the legal framework of the security and justice sectors as a whole. If investments in the security and justice sectors are to take hold and be sustained in the long term, these reforms should contend with and adequately address the diverse security needs of Nepalese communities and citizens. Yet, four years after the peace process began, Nepali women, men, communities and the private sector continue to experience a multitude of distinct and often overlapping security threats. Current analysis by International Alert highlights the following five broad areas of security concerns in Nepal: an increase in armed groups; proliferation of small arms and light weapons; rise of crime (theft, physical assault and drunken disorder); political strikes (bandhs); and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Among women in Nepal, sexual and domestic violence is identified and perceived as the biggest risk to their security and one that is yet to be tackled effectively by the security and justice sector. The purpose of this case study is therefore to provide further insights into women’s experiences in three different districts with the provision of security and justice in Nepal. In addition, it offers a number of recommendations to international donors, particularly the EU, to ensure that the security and justice sectors in Nepal become more responsive to women’s security concerns and priorities. The analysis and key findings are based on research conducted between April and May 2010 by Alert and Shanti Malika, a national-level network of Nepali women’s organisations. Details: Brussels: Intiative for Peacebuilding, International Alert, 2010. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: IFP Gender Cluster Country Case Study: Nepal: Accessed April 29, 2011 at: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/1211IFPnepalgender_2.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Nepal URL: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/1211IFPnepalgender_2.pdf Shelf Number: 121579 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Nepal)

Author: Contreras, Juan Manuel Title: Sexual Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Desk Review Summary: The World Health Organization defines sexual violence as “any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed, against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work”. A limited but growing body of evidence suggests that sexual violence is a serious problem throughout Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) – both as a public health problem and a violation of human rights. This document reviews what is known about sexual violence in the LAC region. It aims to explore the magnitude, patterns and risk factors associated with sexual violence, as well as the legal and policy frameworks, women’s responses to sexual violence, access to services and service responses, promising interventions, research gaps and priorities for future research. Over two hundred published and unpublished documents were reviewed to prepare this document. Grey literature was identified through internet-based searches and from experts working in the region. The scope of this review is primarily based on research produced between 2000 and the present. While an effort has been made to cover the entire Latin American and Caribbean region, research is not available for all countries in the region. As such, this document should be considered the first phase in an ongoing process of consolidating the existing evidence and identifying research gaps and priorities for this culturally, racially and geographically diverse region. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Sexual Violence Research Initiative, Gender and Health Research Unit. Medical Research Council, 2010.92p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 16, 2011 at: http://www.svri.org/SexualViolenceLACaribbean.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Central America URL: http://www.svri.org/SexualViolenceLACaribbean.pdf Shelf Number: 121723 Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Rape Sexual Assault Sexual Violence (Latin America and Caribbean)

Author: Gulik, Gauri van Title: “He Loves You, He Beats You”: Family Violence in Turkey and Access to Protection Summary: In Turkey, approximately 42 percent of all women, and 47 percent of women in rural areas, have experienced physical or sexual violence by a husband or partner at some stage in their lives. “He Loves You, He Beats You” documents the experiences of women in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Van, Trabzon, and Diyarbakır who endured violence and sought help from the state. Women we interviewed described brutal and long-lasting violence by husbands, in-laws, and other family members. Human Rights Watch documented women and girls as young as fourteen being raped, stabbed, kicked in the abdomen when pregnant, beaten with hammers, sticks, branches, and hoses to the point of broken bones and fractured skulls, locked up with dogs or other animals, starved, shot with a stun gun, injected with poison, pushed off a rooftop, and subjected to severe psychological violence. Despite some impressive law reforms to address violence against women in Turkey, including the availability of civil protection orders, there are gaps in law and even greater failings in implementation, making the protection system unpredictable at best. Domestic violence shelters in Turkey, far too few to meet the demand, exclude certain categories of women, and in some cases have poor conditions and inadequate security. The Turkish government should amend the family protection law to fill the gaps and should systematically and proactively improve its implementation. Failing to do so constitutes not just a violation of Turkish law, but also violations of international and regional human rights law. Details: New York: Human Rights Watch, 2011. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2011 at: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2011/05/04/he-loves-you-he-beats-you-0 Year: 2011 Country: Turkey URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2011/05/04/he-loves-you-he-beats-you-0 Shelf Number: 121770 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (Turkey) Rape Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Peace Studies Group Title: Violence and Small Arms: The Portuguese Case Summary: This issue presents some of the results of the research project “Violence and small arms: the Portuguese case”, which was developed during 30 months, from 2007 to 2010. The idea which gave rise to the project was that the theoretical segmentation between Sociology and International Relations regarding this theme, which expressed an understanding of violence that over-emphasised territorial scale and formal political contexts, should be replaced by a different approach which gives analytical priority to the spiral of violences that put micro and macro social in contact, hence, detaching its analysis from the redactor dichotomy war/peace. We believe that through this different approach can one rigorously analyse the different dimensions of the social reality of firearms violence in formal peace contexts, regardless of their lethal capacity or of their most visible expressions. Our challenge was precisely to question conventional assumptions of conventional studies on small arms. The explicit lack of synchrony between common sense and scientific knowledge has enabled Portuguese society to get in contact with the small arms reality, based on images and representations constructed on the existing ignorance on the dimensions and real complexity of the phenomena. Two elements have been supporting discourses and policies: on one hand, the idea that we live in a peaceful country, and on the other hand, the social fear waves triggered by individual armed urban violence events. These two elements either minimalise the effective importance – quantitative and qualitative - of small arms in Portugal, or assume a reactive and immediate response in face of social unrest. The invisibility of firearms in Portugal – as well as its circumstantial hypervisibility in the media – fail to give an adequate answer to the focus of the phenomena: the four main dimensions of the phenomena in Portugal. Firstly, small arms supply: how many legal small arms are there in Portugal? Based on international knowledge and experience, how can we estimate illegal small arms in Portugal? Which flows fuel both markets? Secondly, small arms demand: what kind of motivations support firearms contact, use and possession in Portugal? Are there differences across distinctive groups of population (men and women, youth and adults, etc.)? Thirdly, what are the impacts of small arms in Portugal? Which costs do firearms imply for the Portuguese economy and society? Who are the direct victims (the dead and the injured) and the indirect victims (the survival, victims relatives) of armed violence in our country? Finally, what kind of public policies, national or international, have been implemented to regulate small arms? To what extent have they succeeded regarding prevention of gun violence and regulation of small arms use and possession? Which forms of social activism have proven efficient in the creation of preventive and reactive contra-cultures in armed violence contexts? Details: Coimbra, Portugal: Peace Studies Group, 2010. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: PAX Online Bulletin No. 15: Accessed May 23, 2011 at: http://www.ces.uc.pt/nucleos/nep/media/Pax15-en.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Portugal URL: http://www.ces.uc.pt/nucleos/nep/media/Pax15-en.pdf Shelf Number: 121780 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gun Violence (Portugal) Guns Homicides

Author: Cerise, Somali Title: A Different World is Possible: A Call for Long-Term and Targeted Action to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls Summary: Violence against women and girls continues to have devastating and often dehumanising consequences for millions of women and girls across the world. Yet, despite this, we too often assume that this violence, and the inequality which it is linked to, is somehow inevitable. This seeming acceptance of the status quo not only damages women’s lives and limits men’s, but creates a barrier for practitioners and policy makers who seek to make a real difference in this area. This report aims to address attitudes and positions that are often normalised and even ‘held dear’ within all of our communities and within our societies generally. We ground our recommendations in Carol Hagemann-White’s innovative model of perpetration which represents the most comprehensive review of evidence to date on the root causes, including individual life experiences and choices, of violence and abuse. Whether we work in schools, in communities, with the media or other institutions, our aim is to shift the landscape from one which tolerates the violation of women and girls’ human rights, to one in which women’s safety and gender equality is the norm. Details: London: End Violence Against Women, 2011. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2011 at: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/a_different_world_is_possible_report_email_version.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/a_different_world_is_possible_report_email_version.pdf Shelf Number: 121878 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (U.K.)

Author: Hovane, Victoria Title: Closing the Gap on Family Violence: Driving Prevention and Intervention Through Health Policy Summary: Family violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities remains a significant social issue with far-reaching implications for service provision in the health arena, with impacts including: physical injuries; depression, trauma and anxiety; sexually transmitted disease; and substance use. Despite these significant health consequences, family violence has generally not been prioritised in health policy or responses. Instead, policing, legal/judicial and women’s policy approaches have become the key responses to addressing family violence in Australia, as in many western countries. Given that the health system often deals directly with the consequences of family violence, it is ideally placed to play an important role in preventing and responding to family violence. The paper examines the potential for health policies, like the Closing the Gap in Indigenous Health Outcomes strategy, to better engage with the issue of family violence and, thereby, address a major contributor to poor health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2011. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 21: Accessed July 7, 2011 at: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_21.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/IssuesPaper_21.pdf Shelf Number: 122002 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Health Care Indigenous Peoples Intimate Partner Violence

Author: City Policy Associates Title: City Responses to Domestic Violence: A 77-City Survey Summary: In late October 2009, Mayor Cooper (Hallandale Beach, FL) invited mayors to submit information on approaches to domestic violence issues and programs in their cities – including how domestic violence has affected police department organization and staffing, the extent to which shelters for victims are available, and the extent to which public-private partnerships have been developed to address domestic violence. Responses were received from 77 cities in 31 states. These cities, listed at the end of this report, range in population from 8,000 (Mount Carmel, IL) to 8,000,000 (New York City). As a group, the cities reported a total of 444,414 domestic violence calls for service in 2008 and a slightly (.08 percent) smaller total of 440,822 in 2009. Cities experiencing increases and decreases in numbers of calls were fairly evenly divided, with 46 percent reporting increases, four percent reporting no change, and half reporting decreases. Most cities supplied information on calls for service, but a few were able to provide only information on reports or arrests that were made. On the impact of the domestic violence problem, the survey found that: • About two-thirds (66 percent) of the cities said the number of domestic violence calls has had an impact on police department staffing; the balance said it has not. Many of the cities explained that they require a minimum of two officers to respond to any domestic violence call because of the danger involved. Many also mentioned the amount of time needed for paperwork and follow-up when an arrest is made. • Just over half (51 percent) of the cities have a separate domestic violence unit in their police departments. • Nine in 10 of the cities have a victim advocate. Mentioned most frequently in an open-ended question as a funding source for the victim advocate are: 􀂃 federal grants, by 29 cities; 􀂃 city government funds, by 26 cities; 􀂃 county government funds, by nine cities; and 􀂃 state government funds, by eight cities. A few cities reported that local nonprofit organizations or volunteers provide assistance. • In 72 percent of the cities there is a shelter or safe haven for victims of domestic violence. Among those which do not have a shelter within the city limits, most report there is a shelter within five to 15 miles. • Eighty-three percent of the cities have developed public/private partnerships to help reduce domestic violence. In response to an open-ended question, these cities identified a variety of funding sources to support their partnerships, including: 􀂃 grants, by 18 cities; 􀂃 city government funds, by 12 cities; 􀂃 federal funds, by 12 cities; 􀂃 donations and fund-raising activities, by 11 cities; 􀂃 private organizations, by 10 cities; 􀂃 county government funds, by five cities; 􀂃 state government funds, by five cities; 􀂃 volunteers, by three cities; and 􀂃 foundations, by three cities. Details: Washington, DC: United States Conference of Mayors, 2010. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 18, 2011 at: http://www.usmayors.org/publications/DomesticViolence10.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.usmayors.org/publications/DomesticViolence10.pdf Shelf Number: 122096 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: Oliver, willard M. Title: Community Policing and Victim Services in Texas Summary: This report focuses on the concepts of community policing, primarily the key tenets of police-community partnerships and problem solving, for improved police services to crime victims in the State of Texas. The report details the extent of victimization in the United States, as well as Texas, and then details the extent of police services for victims and victims’ services. The report explains how community policing may enhance services to victims by defining community policing, its tenets, and how community policing would better deliver victims’ services. By way of example, it details two issues: repeat victimizations and domestic violence. The report then concludes with a discussion of future partnerships between the police and victims. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, Sam Houston State University, 2011. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2011 at: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/Community_Policing5.5.11.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/documents/Community_Policing5.5.11.pdf Shelf Number: 122101 Keywords: Community Policing (Texas) Domestic Violence Police-Community Relations Repeat Victimization Victims of Crime

Author: Rhodes, Karin V. Title: Victim Participation in Intimate Partner Violence Prosecution: Implications for Safety Summary: Internationally, intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a major public health problem affecting millions of families and resulting in long-lasting health complications (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009). The intergenerational transmission of violence calls for urgent responses. By the late 20th century, the United States responded to IPV by criminalizing behavior and redefining the prosecutorial role. Currently, all 50 states have enacted laws that address IPV through prosecutorial responses that complement aggressive policing responses, such as mandatory and permissive arrest policies. Prosecutors are encouraged to employ evidence-based prosecutions and discourage victims from dropping charges. This longitudinal mixed-methods study examines to what extent female IPV victim participation in prosecution is associated with their future safety. In essence, we asked, are victims who participate in prosecution safer than those who do not? Given findings that protection orders can reduce future harm to victims, it is essential to understand how a victim’s participation along the continuum of calling 911, talking to the prosecutor, and engaging in criminal prosecution, impacts safety. We hypothesized that participation would improve IPV victims’ safety. Subsequent IPV was defined as a future documented IPV-related police incident or an ED visit for IPV or injury. Within a Midwestern county utilizing coordinated community response, we conducted focus groups with survivors and criminal justice agencies and medical providers. These focus groups along with in-depth qualitative analysis of a stratified random sample of individual IPV cases, informed our data abstraction and analysis of the administrative data. In our study victim communication with a prosecutor appears to be protective against future IPV documented events regardless of defendant incarceration. This finding holds across both the pre- and post-disposition periods. Direct contact or communication with the prosecutor’s office may provide victims the sort of legal leverage necessary to “rebalance” power in relationships through the criminal justice system, as postulated by earlier work. This also suggests that victims have the agency to use the criminal justice system to their advantage, given the continuum of options as to “when” to engage: calling the police, talking to the prosecutor, engaging with the case processing, or seeking redress in the face of future abuse. Findings call into question the issue of prosecutorial frustration with victims who initially press charges and then later want to drop the charges or fail to follow-through with participation in the prosecution process. A victim’s decision to drop charges or to let charges drop through non-participation does not necessarily indicate that the criminal justice system has failed to assist her. Rather, it is likely that the system has served the victim’s needs without prosecution, or that the costs of moving forward with charges outweigh the benefits. Alternatively, it might be that she does want prosecution, and might even consider that prosecution would be more beneficial than dropping charges but other forces inhibit her ability to participate. Our qualitative findings suggest that victims make these decisions after great deliberation and over time may change their mind about the best course of action. Our key finding is that victim participation in prosecution does not increase her help seeking via police calls for service that generate an incident report, nor the likelihood of future ED visits for IPV and injury. These results are important in light of the current pro-prosecution strategies, which support evidence-based trials that proceed regardless of the victim’s presence or testimony. Based on study findings, special prosecution units, vertical prosecution, continuances sensitive to victims needs, combined with court-based victim advocacy and victim input into prosecution outcomes, should continue to be considered best practices. Policy recommendations include increasing communication between the prosecutor’s office and victims, improving referral to advocacy organizations, and reducing logistical barriers for victims to participate in prosecution. Details: Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2011. 153p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 26, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235284.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235284.pdf Shelf Number: 122159 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Prosecution, Victim Participation Victims of Family Violence

Author: Logan, TK Title: Research on Partner Stalking: Putting the Pieces Together Summary: The information for this paper was drawn primarily from peer reviewed published articles and published reports from the National Institute of Justice or other agencies such as the Stalking Resource Center and the National Network to End Domestic Violence. Stalking definitions vary greatly in the literature and some are hard to decipher. This paper attempted to restrict publications to those that defined stalking as: (1) repeated (2 or more) acts and (2) including some element of fear or concern about safety; or to those that defined stalking as a significant stressor or intrusion. General research trends are described within each section. Some of the trends that were noted are preliminary as they are from only one or two studies. Time and space limitations made it impossible to include every relevant research trend or citation. The literature often uses the term victim and survivor interchangeably, with some disciplines favoring one over the other. The use of the term victim in this paper is not meant to imply that women who have experienced partner violence and stalking are not survivors. Rather, the use of the word victim was simply chosen to provide a consistent terminology throughout the paper and should be thought of as interchangeable with survivor. Research indicates that most stalkers are male, and most stalking victims, especially partner stalking victims, are female (especially when definitions include the fear element). Because of the gendered nature of partner stalking, many studies focus on female partner stalking victims. Details: Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science & Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 2010. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 9, 2011 at: http://www.cdar.uky.edu/CoerciveControl/docs/Research%20on%20Partner%20Stalking%20Report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.cdar.uky.edu/CoerciveControl/docs/Research%20on%20Partner%20Stalking%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 122331 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Stalking

Author: Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center, Statistical Analysis Center Title: Family Violence in Alabama 2006-2010 Summary: The Family Violence in Alabama 2006 – 2010 report is intended to inform law enforcement officials and private citizens of criminal and law enforcement activity in Alabama. Since the UCR offense and arrest data are the basis of this report, it must be noted that other factors affecting crime are not measured by UCR, such as age, sex, and race of the population, economic conditions of the area, transient population, culture, education, climate, attitudes of the victims toward crime and police, and crime reporting practices of the citizens. Therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusions or make valid comparisons between various jurisdictions by using only the crime and arrest data in this book. The data in this book are used for analyzing crime problems inherent in the criminal justice system and as a foundation for planning and budgeting. Geographic areas covered in this report include the State of Alabama, county and city strata. For the purpose of this report, family violence is indicated when the victim and offender are related by either blood or marriage, including husband, wife, ex-husband, ex-wife, commonlaw husband, common-law wife, father, mother, sister, brother, son, daughter, step-father, step-mother, step-son, step-daughter, in-law, or other family. Details: Montgomery, AL: Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center, 2011. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 15, 2011 at: http://www.acjic.alabama.gov/cia/2006-2010_special_familyviolence.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.acjic.alabama.gov/cia/2006-2010_special_familyviolence.pdf Shelf Number: 122394 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (Alabama) Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Zahnd, Elaine Title: The Link Between Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Abuse and Mental Health in California Summary: This policy brief presents findings on the linkages between intimate partner violence (IPV), emotional health and substance use among adults ages 18-65 in California. Using data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), researchers found that of the 3.5 million Californians who reported ever being the victim of intimate partner violence (IPV), more than half a million (594,000) reported experiencing recent symptoms of "serious psychological distress," which includes the most serious kinds of diagnosable mental health disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Adult victims of IPV were more than three times as likely as unexposed adults to report serious psychological distress in the past year. Victims of IPV were also far more likely than non-victims to engage in coping strategies, such as seeking mental health care or binge drinking. These disturbing findings can aid strategies to identify, intervene with and assist IPV victims who experience emotional and/or substance use problems. Details: Los Angeles, CA: University of California at Los Angeles, Center for Health Policy Research, 2011. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Health Policy Brief: Accessed September 2, 2011 at: http://www.healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/IPV2011PBFINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.healthpolicy.ucla.edu/pubs/files/IPV2011PBFINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 122614 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (California) Intimate Partner Violence Mental Health Substance Abuse

Author: Milliken, Jennifer Title: Tackling Violence Against Women: From Knowledge to Practical Initiatives Summary: Although the number of women who are violently injured and killed each year worldwide is not known with any precision, available evidence, while unsystematic and incomplete, already indicates that violence against women (VAW) is ‘a universal problem of epidemic proportions’ (UNIFEM, 2007). VAW occurs in both conflict and non-conflict situations. It is often less evident in its occurrence and effects than the deaths and injuries of men as combatants in armed conflicts or as gang members in violence related to drug wars. Yet women and girls are often victimized or adversely affected in other ways in these and all other armed violence settings. Women and girls are also common targets of sexual violence in armed conflict and fragmented societies, and they suffer disproportionately from its indirect consequences. In non-conflict situations, women are the victims of intimate-partner (or ‘domestic’) and sexual violence, honour killings, and dowry-related violence (GD Secretariat, 2008b). The economic costs associated with armed violence are tremendous. It is estimated that the annual economic cost of armed violence in terms of lost productivity due to violent homicides is between USD 95 billion and USD 163 billion alone (GD Secretariat, 2008b, p. 89). Additional costs include medical costs associated with treating the injured or indirect costs such as loss of income from the victim’s inability to work. However, a focus on costs ignores the wider relationship among armed violence, livelihood perspectives, development, and the (indirect) impact on women and men. The gendered dynamic of these relationships is complex. As the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) states: When husbands are killed, women frequently lose their access to farmlands and the right to live in their marital homes. The resulting survival choice for many affected women and children is prostitution, commercial labour or domestic servitude. This has consequences for ongoing exposure to violence and ill health from communicable diseases and poor working conditions, as well as future community exclusion (OECD, 2009, p. 32). The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (GD) is a diplomatic initiative built around the recognition that armed violence and development are closely linked. From its inception, the GD initiative has recognized the importance of the gendered aspect of armed violence. It promotes a comprehensive approach to armed violence reduction issues, recognizing the different situations, needs and resources of men and women, boys and girls, as reflected in the provisions of UN Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1612 (GD Secretariat, 2006). However, (armed) violence against women and its impact on development, while acknowledged since the inception of the GD, has so far been only partially addressed by the GD Secretariat. This Working Paper represents one of the actions by the GD Secretariat to support work on the elimination of (armed) VAW with a view to enhancing development. It is divided into two sections. The first section illustrates the context of the GD, (armed) VAW, and development. The second section sets out five possible initiatives to fill research gaps on VAW: 1. support international initiatives to track VAW globally; 2. promote field-based research on mapping VAW; 3. develop improved costing tools for estimating the effects of VAW on development; 4. extend the work on a contextual appraisal toolkit for implementing VAW interventions; and 5. support a comprehensive evaluation toolkit for VAW prevention and reduction programmes. The first three initiatives focus on filling gaps in mapping VAW; the last two present ways to support VAW reduction and prevention programming. The Working Paper concludes with the observation that further innovative research is needed to understand the scope and scale of VAW, such as its negative impact on development. Research initiatives need to acknowledge the complexity, and the sometimes-apparent paradox, of the phenomenon of VAW, as well as support the development and evaluation of programming efforts to prevent and reduce VAW. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: Geneva Declaration Secretariat, 2011. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2011 at: http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/WP-TVAW/GD-WP-Tackling-VAW.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/WP-TVAW/GD-WP-Tackling-VAW.pdf Shelf Number: 122683 Keywords: Domestic Violence Guns and Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women Violent Crime

Author: Reeve, Richard Title: Human Security in the Mano River Union: Empowering Women to Counter Gender-Based Violence in Border Communities Summary: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has been one of the major legacies of the 14-year (1989-2003) regional conflict in the Mano River Union (MRU). In response, in 2008 International Alert and its partners designed an initiative targeting war-affected communities in nine border areas of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This Human Security in the MRU project has challenged knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning SGBV in order to reduce perpetration and the stigmatisation of survivors, and provided information, counselling and advocacy in order to guide men and women through prevention and redress actions. This report aims to capture the experiences of the project in the context of work in three interlinked but quite specific country contexts. It looks at the extent of SGBV and domestic violence as experienced in the target communities, details the challenges and best practices of project staff in their attempts to raise awareness and change attitudes and practices, and analyses the particular challenges of providing security and accessing justice (statutory or customary) in the various target communities. It concludes with a series of recommendations for the improved provision of security and justice for women, girls and other vulnerable groups within the MRU. Details: London: International Alert, 2010. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 12, 2011 at: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/201005HumanSecurityManoRiverUnionEN.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Africa URL: http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/201005HumanSecurityManoRiverUnionEN.pdf Shelf Number: 122062 Keywords: Domestic Violence Sexual Violence (Africa) Violence Against Women

Author: Wood, Marsha Title: ‘Standing on my own two feet’: Disadvantaged Teenagers, Intimate Partner Violence and Coercive Control Summary: This report from the University of Bristol and the NSPCC represents the first UK research to focus on disadvantaged young people’s experiences of violence and control in their intimate relationships. The study builds on the authors’ previous landmark school-based research (Barter et al 2009) which provided a detailed picture of the incidence and impact of teenage partner violence on the lives of young people. However, as this research was undertaken in schools, young people no longer attending mainstream education, such as teenage mothers or pupils who had been permanently excluded, were omitted. In addition, the experiences of some disadvantaged young people, for example young people living in foster or residential care, were not adequately represented. To overcome these limitations, the NSPCC in association with the University of Bristol conducted the current research project focussing specifically on intimate partner violence in the relationships of English disadvantaged teenagers. The aims of this research were to develop a better understanding of the nature and dynamics of violence in vulnerable teenagers’ intimate relationships; to examine the impact of physical, emotional and sexual violence on young people’s well-being; and to identify appropriate responses. The study set out to explore if some disadvantaged groups experienced greater vulnerability to intimate partner violence than others, and if so, to develop a better understanding regarding the factors that may contribute to this susceptibility. The research aimed to contribute to the development of more appropriate prevention and intervention services for different groups of vulnerable young people. Details: London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 2011. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 4, 2011 at: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/standing_own_two_feet_PDF_wdf84557.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/standing_own_two_feet_PDF_wdf84557.pdf Shelf Number: 122985 Keywords: Dating Violence Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence (U.K.)

Author: Australia. Family Law Council Title: Improving Responses to Family Violence in the Family Law Aystem: An Advice on the Intersection of Family Violence and Family Law Issues Summary: This report to the Federal Attorney-General focuses on family violence if and when it becomes visible in the Family Law system in Australia. This visible pattern is only the tip of the iceberg of family violence, alcoholism, drug addiction and mental illness which is apparently entrenched in Australia. The Family Law Council report is only one of the multiple studies in progress at present on the causes, effects and responses to family violence in Australia. The report recommends: The definition of “family violence” in the Family Law Act be widened to include a range of threatening behaviour. That the Attorney General establish an expert panel under the direction of the Australian Institute of Family Studies to create an easy-to-understand “common knowledge base” on the known patterns and effects of family violence. This easily accessible information will assist to provide common and up-to-date information to all those involved in the family relationship and legal systems, including parents, relatives, counsellors, mediators, FRCS, legal aid officers, lawyers and courts. The Law Council of Australia and the Family Law Council co-operate to revise the booklet “Best Practice Guidelines for Lawyers Doing Family Law Work” to incorporate detailed information on family violence. A number of reforms take place to improve co-ordination and collaboration between the state and territory child protection agencies, and the federal Family Law Act, including: the transportability of state family violence injunctive orders; the establishment of a national register of family and violence orders ; and the establishment of a network data base which records family violence orders, and a residual family court power to require state Child Protection Agencies to become parties to Family Law Court proceedings about children. A further report be prepared on whether FDRP should be required to provide a report to the Family Law Courts or other bodies in some or all structure where family violence is admitted or suspected. The forms notifying the Family Law Courts about family violence be simplified. Consideration be given on how to educate the Australian public about certain widespread misunderstandings of the Family Law Act including: o Recurrent gossip that notification of family violence may lead to a judicial perception that the notifier is an “unfriendly parent” o Widespread perception that each parent now has a “starting right” to equal time (50/50) with children o Common belief that a parent will receive both substantial time with a child, and equal shared parental responsibility, (similar to historic “guardianship”), despite a history of poor communication and hostility between parents; and despite the long term health and emotional consequences for children as casualties on such parental battlefields. These recommendations of the Family Law Council will need to be amalgamated with the various reports on family violence emerging in the next year. Details: Barton, ACT, Australia: Australia Attorney-General's Department, Family Law Council, 2009. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 5, 2011 at: http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3273BD3F76A7A5DEDAE36942A54D7D90)~Family_Violence_Report.pdf/$file/Family_Violence_Report.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3273BD3F76A7A5DEDAE36942A54D7D90)~Family_Violence_Report.pdf/$file/Family_Violence_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 118821 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Yoshihama, Mieko Title: Lifecourse Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking among Filipina, Indian, and Pakistani Women: Implications for Justice System Responses Summary: Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) in Asian communities is critical given a nexus of interrelated, complex factors: high prevalence estimates of IPV against Asian women, the over-representation of Asian victims in IPV-related homicides, the lack of socio-culturally tailored and linguistically accessible assistance programs, the under-utilization of outside help by Asian battered women, and myriad structural, institutional, and socio-cultural barriers to helpseeking (Crites, 1990; Ho, 1990; Kanuha, 1987; McDonnell & Abdulla, 2001; Shimtuh, 2000; Tran, 1997; Raj, Silverman, McLeary-Sills, & Liu, 2004; Yoshihama, 2000, 2002; Yoshihama & Dabby, 2009; Yoshioka, Gilbert, El-Bassel, Baig-Amin, 2003). There are virtually no studies that specifically examine Asian battered women’s experiences with the criminal justice system (CJS). Research on IPV over the lifecourse and related help-seeking efforts is also scarce but necessary given that IPV often recurs over the lifecourse and that survivors’ decisions to seek help and the preferred and actual sources of help change over time and are shaped by the current situation, as well as past experiences of IPV and help-seeking (Bachman & Coker, 1995; Duterte et al., 2008; Fleury, Sullivan, Bybee, & Davidson, 1998; Hickman & Simpson, 2003; Jasinski, 2003). The goal of this research project is to enhance the understanding of Asian battered women’s experiences in seeking help from the criminal justice system (CJS) and other (non-CJS) programs and develop recommendations for system responses to IPV in Asian communities. This project focused on selected Asian ethnic groups – Filipina, Indian and Pakistani. This project was jointly conducted by the University of Michigan School of Social Work and the Asian & Pacific Islander Institute on Domestic Violence of the Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum. This report addressed the following research questions: • When do Asian battered women experience various types of IPV over their lifecourse? • When do Asian battered women come into contact with CJS and non-CJS agencies? • What kinds of responses do Asian battered women receive from CJS and non-CJS agencies? • What responses do Asian battered women perceive as helpful? • What are the barriers to contacting CJS agencies? • What suggestions do Asian battered women have for improving CJS responses to IPV in Asian communities? Details: Final Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2010. 187p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236174.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236174.pdf Shelf Number: 123064 Keywords: Asian Women Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: Dolev & Associates Title: No Boundaries: The Tayside Domestic Abuse and Substance Misuse Project: Final Research Report Summary: The aim of the research project was to identify depositional and organisational/institutional factors that positively and negatively affect the progression of women affected by domestic abuse and their own substance misuse at each stage of their service use (from access to outcomes), with a view to establishing: · Evidence of a link between domestic abuse and substance misuse · Incentives/barriers to accessing services · Experiences of service provision in both sectors · Experiences of partnership working between the two sectors · Links to other needs (i.e. homelessness, mental health issues). The remainder of the report is set out as follows: · Chapter 2 outlines the methods used both in the initial data collection stage (carried out by a different research team) and in the secondary analysis of data (carried out by the author of this report). · Chapter 3 provides a brief overview of the literature on domestic abuse and substance misuse. · Chapter 4 examines the link between domestic abuse and women’s own substance misuse. · Chapter 5 looks at the experiences of service provision at various stages: accessing, using and leaving. · Chapter 6 explores multi-agency work between domestic abuse and substance misuse services. · Chapter 7 examines the links to other needs, in particular housing, mental health and General Practitioners. · Finally, chapter 8 discusses the main themes and issues that have emerged from the information and evidence presented in this report. Details: Tayside, UK: Dolev & Associates, 2008. 108p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 31, 2011 at: http://www.avaproject.org.uk/media/25320/tayside%20domestic%20violence%20and%20substance%20misuse%20research%20(2008).pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.avaproject.org.uk/media/25320/tayside%20domestic%20violence%20and%20substance%20misuse%20research%20(2008).pdf Shelf Number: 117820 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Substance Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: St. Mungo's Title: Battered, Broken, Bereft: Why People Still End Up Sleeping Rough Summary: Three out of five outreach workers across the country say they are seeing an increasing number of rough sleepers, according to new research published today by homelessness charity St Mungo's. Moreover, almost three quarters (71%) of those surveyed did not believe that there was enough emergency accommodation for rough sleepers in their area The figures come from a new report ‘Battered, broken, bereft - why people still end up rough sleeping' - Battered broken bereft St Mungos rough sleeping report October 2011 This includes findings from the first ever survey of outreach workers across England as well as statistics from St Mungo's survey of its 1,500 clients - the largest survey of homeless people of its kind. The report highlights relationship breakdowns, domestic violence and mental health conditions as three of the main traumas leading people to sleep rough on the streets today: •Relationship breakdown is the largest single trigger of rough sleeping cited by outreach workers, leading to 42% of male rough sleeping. •Among women, 35% slept rough after leaving home to escape domestic violence. •Perhaps the most shocking finding is that 57% of outreach workers believe that the number of rough sleepers in their area with mental health problems has increased over the last five years. Details: London: St. Mongo's, 2011. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 8, 2011 at: www.mungos.org/documents/7269 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 123259 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homelessness (U.K.) Mentally Ill Poverty

Author: Connors, Edward Title: National Evaluation of the Legal Assistance for Victims Program Summary: In November 2000, the National Institute of Justice, with funding support from the Office on Violence Against Women, awarded a grant to the Institute for Law and Justice (ILJ), in partnership with the National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC), to conduct a national evaluation of the Legal Assistance for Victims (LAV) grant program. The LAV program provides funding to organizations throughout the country to provide comprehensive, free or low-cost civil legal and advocacy services to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. The evaluation focused on the provision of civil legal and other services to victims of domestic violence and examined LAV projects that were funded in 1998 through 2000. Overall, the LAV program has been a success. LAV has made it possible to provide desperately needed civil legal services to more victims of domestic violence who cannot afford a private attorney. It has also promoted the delivery of high quality, comprehensive services by encouraging collaboration and cross-training among legal services organizations and domestic violence victim services programs. Yet even with LAV funding, there is still a chronic unmet need for attorneys and other personnel to assist and represent domestic violence victims who cannot pay legal fees, either because of their poverty or because their access to financial resources is controlled by the batterer. The LAV grant program is authorized under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994, as amended, and is administered by the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), which awarded the first LAV grants in 1998. The purpose of the LAV program is to increase the capacity of local organizations—primarily legal services agencies, domestic violence victim services programs, bar associations, and law schools—to provide free or low cost, comprehensive civil legal and advocacy services to victims of domestic violence. The LAV program was expanded in 2000 to include civil legal and advocacy services to victims of sexual assault and stalking.1 The LAV program advocates a holistic approach to delivering high quality services. It is concerned with the whole system of service providers and with all of a victim’s needs, both legal and non-legal. Local organizations receiving LAV funding provide (1) legal assistance and representation with protection orders and other family law matters; (2) advocacy services that address victims’ safety, health, and other needs; and (3) legal services to resolve housing, employment, public benefits, and other issues. Because very few organizations are able by themselves to fully address all three of these program elements, OVW requires that LAV projects represent collaborations among organizations, and that the projects conduct cross-training of attorneys and victim advocates. Individual LAV projects are given the flexibility to employ various approaches to meet the specific needs identified in their jurisdictions. In addition to hiring staff attorneys to provide legal assistance and representation, many LAV projects develop pro bono programs (in which private attorneys provide services free of charge); hold legal clinics and develop materials for victims who proceed with their cases pro se (on their own); and conduct outreach to traditionally underserved populations, including members of racial, ethnic, and cultural minority groups and victims living in rural areas. Details: Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice, 2005. 325p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 9, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208612.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208612.pdf Shelf Number: 123269 Keywords: Domestic Violence Legal Aid Restraining Orders Victim Services Victims of Family Violence

Author: Kelly, Liz Title: Into the Foreground: An Evaluation of the Jacana Parenting Programme Summary: The Jacana Parenting Service was a pilot programme developed and delivered in partnership between the nia project and Domestic Violence Intervention Project (DVIP) to support parents affected by current and historic domestic violence (DV) in Hackney. The programme offered separate interventions for men as perpetrators and support to women as victim-survivors, using individual and group work, and was funded by the Parenting Fund. The programme emerged out of the relative neglect of the mother-child/father-child relationship within much existing direct work with victim-survivors and perpetrators, although these themes have been addressed in social research. Lessons from the pilot were to be integrated into specialised DV support and intervention, and hopefully extend into wide parenting programmes where DV is often not addressed explicitly. Specifically, the aims were to: · develop a model that synthesises international best practice to address parenting in the context of abusive relationships; · improve the parenting skills of women and men involved in abusive relationships; · enable parents to understand violence/abuse from the child’s perspective and to minimise its impacts; · work with mothers/carers and children to create safety plans; · risk assess abusive fathers to better enable practitioners to minimise and manage risks; · share best practice with practitioners. The programme for women victim-survivors was based on the twin pillars of safety and the impact of domestic violence on mothering. Work with men aimed to extend current models of perpetrator programmes to deepen the content on fathering, although the aim to change men’s abusive behaviours is not explicitly stated. Success criteria were articulated by both developers and deliverers as: increased safety of women and children; enhanced relationships between mothers and children and fathers and children; enhanced capacity to parent in a child-centred way. In short, addressing the relational legacies of domestic violence. This evaluation was commissioned by the nia project to explore both processes and outcomes of the pilot programme. While data for the latter is limited and outcomes in themselves not straight forward to establish, the experiences of women and men who participated in the programme are drawn on to illustrate how Jacana enabled change and new beginnings. A key part of the evaluation was assessing the process of implementing the programme, and what lessons can be gleaned about development, delivery, practice, and negotiating multi-agency responses. Details: London: Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit, London Metropolitan University, 2011. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 10, 2011 at: http://www.ccrm.org.uk/images/docs/10.2ainto%20the%20foreground%20-%20jacana%20evaluation%20report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ccrm.org.uk/images/docs/10.2ainto%20the%20foreground%20-%20jacana%20evaluation%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 123306 Keywords: Abusers, Male Domestic Violence Family Violence (U.K.) Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Rosay, Andre B. Title: Investigation and Prosecution of Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, and Stalking Summary: This project examined sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking cases reported to the Alaska State Troopers. More specifically, we examined all sexual assault and sexual abuse of minor incidents reported to Alaska State Troopers in 2003 and 2004, all assaults in domestic violence incidents reported to Alaska State Troopers in 2004, and all stalking incidents reported to Alaska State Troopers from 1994 to 2005. In addition, we examined whether cases were referred to the Alaska Department of Law for prosecution, were accepted for prosecution, and resulted in a conviction. This report provides a thorough overview of key characteristics on reports, suspects, victims, incidents, witnesses, and legal resolutions. This report also examines the predictors of legal resolutions. Finally, this report examines whether rural cases are less likely to have successful legal resolutions. Results clearly show that what Alaska State Troopers do when investigating reported offenses can increase rates of referral, acceptance, and conviction. In addition, we found no evidence of under-enforcement in rural areas. Contrary to allegations that the provision of criminal justice services is diminished in rural areas, we found that geographic isolation does not hinder case processing. These results are important for other rural jurisdictions. Most importantly, we found that cases first reported to local first responders had better legal resolutions. This finding suggests that the resources provided by these first responders (i.e., reduced response time and enhanced investigation) increase the rates of prosecutions and convictions. This finding is important not just in Alaska, but in other jurisdictions where official responders are not immediately available. Details: Anchorage, AK: University of Alaska Anchorage, Justice Center, 2010. 246p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 22, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236429.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236429.pdf Shelf Number: 123416 Keywords: Domestic Violence First Responders Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Assaults (Alaska) Stalking

Author: Sety, Megan Title: The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children: A Literature Review Summary: More than one million Australian children are affected by domestic violence, according to the Personal Safety Survey (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006). More than two decades of international research definitively shows that infants, children and adolescents experience serious negative psychological, emotional, social, and developmental impacts to their well-being from the traumatic ongoing experiences of domestic violence. A number of recent Australia studies examining the family law system have brought attention to the experiences of children affected by violence and an urgent call to improving policies and practices to protect and support children and victimised caregivers. Research has shown that children and victimised caregivers can cope and recover, particularly when specialised services are offered. Specialised programs and counselling models are rapidly being developed and implemented, often with a growing focus of attending to the mother-child relationship. This review examines the literature in general and the recent Australia studies of family law legislation to explore the impacts on children who are affected by domestic violence, and provides recommendations for generalist social service practitioners working with these families. Details: Sydney: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of New South Wales, 2011. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2011 at: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/documents/ImpactofDVonChildren.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/documents/ImpactofDVonChildren.pdf Shelf Number: 123435 Keywords: Children Affected by Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Black, Michele C. Title: National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Summary Report Summary: Sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence are major public health problems in the United States. Many survivors of these forms of violence can experience physical injury, mental health consequences such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and suicide attempts, and other health consequences such as gastrointestinal disorders, substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and gynecological or pregnancy complications. These consequences can lead to hospitalization, disability, or death. Our understanding of these forms of violence has grown substantially over the years. However, timely, ongoing, and comparable national and state-level data are lacking. Less is also known about how these forms of violence impact specific populations in the United States or the extent to which rape, stalking, or violence by a romantic or sexual partner are experienced in childhood and adolescence. CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control launched the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey in 2010 with the support of the National Institute of Justice and the Department of Defense to address these gaps. The primary objectives of the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey are to describe: • The prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence • Who is most likely to experience these forms of violence • The patterns and impact of the violence experienced by specific perpetrators • The health consequences of these forms of violence The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey is an ongoing, nationally representative random digit dial (RDD) telephone survey that collects information about experiences of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence among non-institutionalized English and/or Spanish-speaking women and men aged 18 or older in the United States. NISVS provides detailed information on the magnitude and characteristics of these forms of violence for the nation and for individual states. This report presents information related to several types of violence that have not previously been measured in a national population-based survey, including types of sexual violence other than rape; expressive psychological aggression and coercive control, and control of reproductive or sexual health. This report also provides the first ever simultaneous national and state-level prevalence estimates of violence for all states. The findings presented in this report are for 2010, the first year of data collection, and are based on complete interviews. Complete interviews were obtained from 16,507 adults (9,086 women and 7,421 men). The relative standard error (RSE), which is a measure of an estimate’s reliability, was calculated for all estimates in this report. If the RSE was greater than 30%, the estimate was deemed unreliable and is not reported. Consideration was also given to the case count. If the estimate was based on a numerator ≤20, the estimate is also not reported. Estimates for certain types of violence reported by subgroups of men such as rape victimization by racial/ethnic group are not shown because the number of men in these subgroups reporting rape was too small to calculate a reliable estimate. These tables are included in the report so that the reader can easily determine what was assessed and where gaps remain. Key Findings Sexual Violence by Any Perpetrator • Nearly 1 in 5 women (18.3%) and 1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United States have been raped at some time in their lives, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug facilitated completed penetration. • More than half (51.1%) of female victims of rape reported being raped by an intimate partner and 40.8% by an acquaintance; for male victims, more than half (52.4%) reported being raped by an acquaintance and 15.1% by a stranger. • Approximately 1 in 21 men (4.8%) reported that they were made to penetrate someone else during their lifetime; most men who were made to penetrate someone else reported that the perpetrator was either an intimate partner (44.8%) or an acquaintance (44.7%). • An estimated 13% of women and 6% of men have experienced sexual coercion in their lifetime (i.e., unwanted sexual penetration after being pressured in a nonphysical way); and 27.2% of women and 11.7% of men have experienced unwanted sexual contact. • Most female victims of completed rape (79.6%) experienced their first rape before the age of 25; 42.2% experienced their first completed rape before the age of 18 years. • More than one-quarter of male victims of completed rape (27.8%) experienced their first rape when they were 10 years of age or younger. Stalking Victimization by Any Perpetrator • One in 6 women (16.2%) and 1 in 19 men (5.2%) in the United States have experienced stalking victimization at some point during their lifetime in which they felt very fearful or believed that they or someone close to them would be harmed or killed. • Two-thirds (66.2%) of female victims of stalking were stalked by a current or former intimate partner; men were primarily stalked by an intimate partner or an acquaintance, 41.4% and 40.0%, respectively. • Repeatedly receiving unwanted telephone calls, voice, or text messages was the most commonly experienced stalking tactic for both female and male victims of stalking (78.8% for women and 75.9% for men). • More than half of female victims and more than one-third of male victims of stalking indicated that they were stalked before the age of 25; about 1 in 5 female victims and 1 in 14 male victims experienced stalking between the ages of 11 and 17. Violence by an Intimate Partner • More than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) and more than 1 in 4 men (28.5%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime. • Among victims of intimate partner violence, more than 1 in 3 women experienced multiple forms of rape, stalking, or physical violence; 92.1% of male victims experienced physical violence alone, and 6.3% experienced physical violence and stalking. • Nearly 1 in 10 women in the United States (9.4%) has been raped by an intimate partner in her lifetime, and an estimated 16.9% of women and 8.0% of men have experienced sexual violence other than rape by an intimate partner at some point in their lifetime. • About 1 in 4 women (24.3%) and 1 in 7 men (13.8%) have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner (e.g., hit with a fist or something hard, beaten, slammed against something) at some point in their lifetime. • An estimated 10.7% of women and 2.1% of men have been stalked by an intimate partner during their lifetime. • Nearly half of all women and men in the United States have experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime (48.4% and 48.8%, respectively). • Most female and male victims of rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner (69% of female victims; 53% of male victims) experienced some form of intimate partner violence for the first time before 25 years of age. Impact of Violence by an Intimate Partner • Nearly 3 in 10 women and 1 in 10 men in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner and reported at least one impact related to experiencing these or other forms of violent behavior in the relationship (e.g., being fearful, concerned for safety, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, need for health care, injury, contacting a crisis hotline, need for housing services, need for victim’s advocate services, need for legal services, missed at least one day of work or school). Violence Experienced by Race/Ethnicity • Approximately 1 in 5 Black (22.0%) and White (18.8%) non-Hispanic women, and 1 in 7 Hispanic women (14.6%) in the United States have experienced rape at some point in their lives. More than one-quarter of women (26.9%) who identified as American Indian or as Alaska Native and 1 in 3 women (33.5%) who identified as multiracial non-Hispanic reported rape victimization in their lifetime. • One out of 59 White non-Hispanic men (1.7%) has experienced rape at some point in his life. Nearly one-third of multiracial non-Hispanic men (31.6%) and over one-quarter of Hispanic men (26.2%) reported sexual violence other than rape in their lifetimes. • Approximately 1 in 3 multiracial non-Hispanic women (30.6%) and 1 in 4 American Indian or Alaska Native women (22.7%) reported being stalked during their lifetimes. One in 5 Black non-Hispanic women (19.6%), 1 in 6 White non-Hispanic women (16.0%), and 1 in 7 Hispanic women (15.2%) experienced stalking in their lifetimes. • Approximately 1 in 17 Black non-Hispanic men (6.0%), and 1 in 20 White non-Hispanic men (5.1%) and Hispanic men (5.1%) in the United States experienced stalking in their lifetime. • Approximately 4 out of every 10 women of non-Hispanic Black or American Indian or Alaska Native race/ethnicity (43.7% and 46.0%, respectively), and 1 in 2 multiracial non-Hispanic women (53.8%) have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime. • Nearly half (45.3%) of American Indian or Alaska Native men and almost 4 out of every 10 Black and multiracial men (38.6% and 39.3%, respectively) experienced rape, physical violence and/or stalking by an intimate partner during their lifetime. Number and Sex of Perpetrators • Across all types of violence, the majority of both female and male victims reported experiencing violence from one perpetrator. • Across all types of violence, the majority of female victims reported that their perpetrators were male. • Male rape victims and male victims of non-contact unwanted sexual experiences reported predominantly male perpetrators. Nearly half of stalking victimizations against males were also perpetrated by males. Perpetrators of other forms of violence against males were mostly female. Violence in the 12 Months Prior to Taking the Survey • One percent, or approximately 1.3 million women, reported being raped by any perpetrator in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. • Approximately 1 in 20 women and men (5.6% and 5.3%, respectively) experienced sexual violence victimization other than rape by any perpetrator in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. • About 4% of women and 1.3% of men were stalked in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. • An estimated 1 in 17 women and 1 in 20 men (5.9% and 5.0%, respectively) experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. Health Consequences • Men and women who experienced rape or stalking by any perpetrator or physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime were more likely to report frequent headaches, chronic pain, difficulty with sleeping, activity limitations, poor physical health and poor mental health than men and women who did not experience these forms of violence. Women who had experienced these forms of violence were also more likely to report having asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, and diabetes than women who did not experience these forms of violence. State-Level Estimates • Across all types of violence examined in this report, state-level estimates varied with lifetime estimates for women ranging from 11.4% to 29.2% for rape; 28.9% to 58% for sexual violence other than rape; and 25.3% to 49.1% for rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner. • For men, lifetime estimates ranged from 10.8% to 33.7% for sexual violence other than rape; and 17.4% to 41.2% for rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner. Details: Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 12, 2012 at: http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/NISVS_Report2010-a.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/NISVS_Report2010-a.pdf Shelf Number: 123595 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Assault Sexual Violence Stalking Victimization Survey Violence Against Women

Author: Walby, Sylvia Title: Physical and Legal Security and the Criminal Justice System: A Review of Inequalities Summary: The focus of this report is physical and legal security in relation to the Criminal Justice System. The main areas of physical security include: homicide; other violence against the person, including domestic or intimate partner violence, sexual violence and hate crime; and physical security in institutional settings. The main areas of legal security include the extent to which offences are brought to justice and equal treatment in and by the Criminal Justice System. Emphasis is placed on evidence and the analysis of objective outcomes as opposed to subjective attitudes and perceptions, primarily because of the robustness of the former in comparison to the latter, but also because the selection of outcomes corresponds to the prioritization recommended by the Equalities Review (2007). The report addresses all the protected equality strands, as well as other disproportionately affected groups wherever there is available and relevant evidence. Due to the current unevenness in data collection and availability across the strands, the majority of evidence presented relates to gender, disability and race/ethnicity. Data on other equalities groups is drawn upon where available (often from small scale studies rather than surveys). The report addresses data and research primarily at the level of Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland), reflecting the Equality and Human Rights Commission’s geographical remit. The report reviews the evidence of the extent to which there are inequalities in physical and legal security. The sources used include large surveys (e.g. the British Crime Survey) and administrative data (e.g. police recorded crime), as well as evidence from smaller scale research projects, including those carried out by academia, civil society organisations and governmental commissions and agencies. Details: United Kingdom: Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2010. 172p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 26, 2012 at http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/triennial_review/triennial_review_cjs_review.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/triennial_review/triennial_review_cjs_review.pdf Shelf Number: 123774 Keywords: Bias Crime Conviction Rates Disproportionate Minority Contact Domestic Violence Hate Crime Homicide Race/Ethnicity Violence Against Women

Author: The Centre for Social Cohesion Title: Crimes of the Community: Honour-Based Violence in the UK - Second Edition Summary: In recent years, honour crimes have received an increasing amount of interest from the media, the police and politicians. This has been fuelled by the extensive coverage of the murder of several young Kurdish and Pakistani women by their families. This growing public concern has been largely welcomed by women’s groups and has prompted the government to take steps to tackle these crimes. However the media’s focus on honour killings and, to a lesser extent, forced marriages and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has obscured the true scale of honour-based crime. Honour killings represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of violence and abuse perpetrated against women in the name of honour. This study shows that honour killings, domestic violence, forced marriage and FGM are not isolated practices but are instead part of a self-sustaining social system built on ideas of honour and cultural, ethnic and religious superiority. As a result of these ideas, every day around the UK women are being threatened with physical violence, rape, death, mutilation, abduction, drugging, false imprisonment, withdrawal from education and forced marriage by their own families. This is not a one-time problem of first-generation immigrants bringing practices from ‘back home’ to the UK. Instead honour violence is now, to all intents and purposes, an indigenous and self-perpetuating phenomenon which is carried out by third and fourth generation immigrants who have been raised and educated in the UK. This report focuses on four aspects of honour-based violence: forced marriage, domestic violence, honour killings, and female genital mutilation. Many of these problems are common to all societies. Domestic violence and ‘crimes of passion’ exist worldwide. However, honour crimes differ significantly from other outwardly similar crimes. While typical incidents of domestic violence involve men using force against their wives, honour-based abuses regularly involve a woman’s own sons, brothers and sisters, as well as members of their extended family and in-laws. Similarly, the pre-planned and ritualised nature of much of this violence (particularly in the case of honour-killings and FGM) makes such behaviour distinct from other ad-hoc forms of violence against women. This study explains how and why many British women, and indeed many men, are told that they are not allowed the right to be independent, to have control over their own bodies and who are being denied, often through force, an opportunity to choose their own destiny. The report concludes with recommendations on what the government can do to prevent these abuses. Details: London: The Centre for Social Cohesion, 2010. 169p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 4, 2012 at http://www.socialcohesion.co.uk/files/1229624550_1.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.socialcohesion.co.uk/files/1229624550_1.pdf Shelf Number: 123971 Keywords: Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Honor Related Violence (U.K.)

Author: Brandon, James Title: Crimes of the Community: Honour-Based Violence in the UK Summary: In recent years, honour crimes have received an increasing amount of interest from the media, the police and politicians. This has been fuelled by the extensive coverage of the murder of several young Kurdish and Pakistani women by their families. This growing public concern has been largely welcomed by women’s groups and has prompted the government to take steps to tackle these crimes. However the media’s focus on honour killings and, to a lesser extent, forced marriages and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has obscured the true scale of honour-based crime. Honour killings represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of violence and abuse perpetrated against women in the name of honour. This study shows that honour killings, domestic violence, forced marriage and FGM are not isolated practices but are instead part of a self-sustaining social system built on ideas of honour and cultural, ethnic and religious superiority. As a result of these ideas, every day around the UK women are being threatened with physical violence, rape, death, mutilation, abduction, drugging, false imprisonment, withdrawal from education and forced marriage by their own families. This is not a one-time problem of first-generation immigrants bringing practices from ‘back home’ to the UK. Instead honour violence is now, to all intents and purposes, an indigenous and self-perpetuating phenomenon which is carried out by third and fourth generation immigrants who have been raised and educated in the UK. This report focuses on four aspects of honour-based violence: forced marriage, domestic violence, honour killings, female genital mutilation. Many of these problems are common to all societies. Domestic violence and ‘crimes of passion’ exist worldwide. However, honour crimes differ significantly from other outwardly similar crimes. While typical incidents of domestic violence involve men using force against their wives, honour-based abuses regularly involve a woman’s own sons, brothers and sisters, as well as members of their extended family and in-laws. Similarly, the pre-planned and ritualised nature of much of this violence (particularly in the case of honour-killings and FGM) makes such behaviour distinct from other ad-hoc forms of violence against women. This study explains how and why many British women, and indeed many men, are told that they are not allowed the right to be independent, to have control over their own bodies and who are being denied, often through force, an opportunity to choose their own destiny. The report concludes with recommendations on what the government can do to prevent these abuses. Details: London: Centre for Social Cohesion, 2008. 170p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 4, 2012 at http://www.civitas.org.uk/pdf/CrimesOfTheCommunity.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.civitas.org.uk/pdf/CrimesOfTheCommunity.pdf Shelf Number: 123972 Keywords: Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Honor Related Violence (U.K.)

Author: Casey, Timothy Title: Not Enough: What TANF Offers Family Violence Victims Summary: Domestic violence and poverty are intersecting issues. Significant numbers1 of women2 living in poverty are battered and the violence they experience can make the climb out of poverty unattainable. Poverty, in turn, can make it impossible to escape violence or deal with its effects. To be safe, victims need to be free from the violence and control of those who abuse them, but they must also be able to meet their basic human needs. Some studies have found that over half of the women receiving public assistance (“welfare”) have reported being battered.3 This paper reports on a recent national survey documenting both the importance of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program to victims of family violence, and difficulties victims may encounter when seeking assistance from TANF.4 Survey responses show that some victims in some places are getting the TANF resources – a financial bridge to safety – that they need. In these instances, TANF often represents the difference between safety and continued violence for a victim and her children. Unfortunately though, the survey data also reveals a different reality – one marked by bureaucratic black holes, indifferent or even hostile staff, inadequate benefits, rules and practices that effectively bar victims from needed assistance, and in some circumstances, mandates and errors that put victims in more danger than before they sought help. For too many victims, TANF does not provide what they need to be safe. It is not enough. Details: New York: Legal Momentum, 2010. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 10, 2012 at Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 124071 Keywords: Domestic Violence Poverty Victimization Surveys

Author: Vlachova, Marie Title: Women in an Insecure World: Violence against Women - Facts, Figures and Analysis Summary: According to estimates by the United Nations, up to 200 million women and girls are demographically ‘missing’. The euphemism hides one of the most shocking crimes against humanity. Given the biological norm of 100 new-born girls to every 103 new-born boys, millions more women should be living amongst us. If they are not, if they are ‘missing’, then they have been killed, or have died through neglect and mistreatment. Women live in a very insecure world indeed. Many fall victim to gender selective abortion and infanticide (boys being preferred to girls). Others do not receive the same amount of food and medical attention as their brothers, fathers and husbands. Others again fall prey to sexual offenders, to ‘honour killings’ and to acid attacks (most often for refusing a suitor). An estimated 5,000 women are burnt to death each year in ‘kitchen accidents’ because their dowry was seen as being too modest. Scores succumb to the special horrors and hardships that conflict, war and post-conflict situations reserve for girls and women. A shocking number of women are killed within their own walls through domestic violence. Rape and sexual exploitation remain, moreover, a reality for countless women; millions are trafficked; some sold like cattle. The full magnitude of the issue sinks in only if we put the figures into perspective: The number of the ‘missing’ women, killed for gender-related reasons, is of the same order of magnitude as the estimated 191 million human beings who have lost their lives directly or indirectly as a result of all the conflicts and wars of the 20th century – which was, with two world wars and numerous other murderous conflicts, the most violent period in human history so far. A sustained demographic ‘deficit’ of 100- 200 million women implies that each year 1.5 to 3 million girls and women are killed through gender related violence. In comparison: each year some 2.8 million people die of AIDS, 1.27 million of malaria. Or, put in the most horrible terms: violence against women causes every 2 to 4 years a mountain of corpses equal to the Jewish Holocaust. Globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and war combined. Women in an Insecure World has, therefore, tried to bring together in one book – in probably the most comprehensive effort so far – the facts and figures. Often these figures are not more than best estimates – for violence against women goes all too often unreported. The recognition that – in face of a problem of such magnitude – we cannot even count on good statistics is in itself a shocking and unacceptable fact. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2005. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2012 at http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/women_insecure_world.pdf Year: 2005 Country: International URL: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/women_insecure_world.pdf Shelf Number: 124162 Keywords: Domestic Violence Victimization Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Iceland. Ministry of Welfare. Title: Male Violence against Women in Intimate Relationships in Iceland - Report of the Minister of Welfare (Excerpts) Summary: In 2006, the Icelandic government adopted an action plan for measures to combat violence against women in intimate relationships, based on the concept that violence against women affects everyone in society and will not be tolerated. The objective of the plan was to prevent violence against women, to enhance options for women that are subjected to violence and their children, and help men to cease violent behavior. In 2010 a report of the Minister of Welfare on measures under the government initiative regarding male violence against women in intimate relationships was published. The report is a result of a research project on violence in intimate relationships that was carried out in 2008 to 2010. Proposals for government measures and excerpt of the report follow. Details: Reykjavik, Iceland: Ministry of Welfare, 2012. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 18, 2012 at http://eng.velferdarraduneyti.is/media/rit-og-skyrslur2012/Ofbeldi_gegn_konum_enska_feb_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Iceland URL: http://eng.velferdarraduneyti.is/media/rit-og-skyrslur2012/Ofbeldi_gegn_konum_enska_feb_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 124178 Keywords: Domestic Violence Female Victims Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (Iceland)

Author: Wall, Liz Title: The many facets of shame in intimate partner sexual violence Summary: Sexual assaults are less likely to be reported to the police than physical assaults, while sexual assaults by a current partner are the least likely of all to be reported, even compared to other types of sexual assaults. Despite indications of a high prevalence rate of spousal sexual violence, there seems to be more reluctance on the part of victim/survivors to report or discuss spousal sexual violence compared to other types of sexual assaults. There is also reluctance to disclose sexual violence even when physical violence may be identified. This means that sexual assault may remain a hidden aspect of abuse in relationships, even where physical assaults are disclosed. The Australian Bureau of Statistics personal safety data also indicated that sexual assaults are less likely to be reported to the police than physical assaults, while sexual assaults by a current partner are the least likely of all to be reported, even compared to other types of sexual assaults. Details: Melbourne: Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2012. 10p. Source: Research Summary: Internet Resource: Accessed February 21, 2012 at http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/researchsummary/ressum1/ressum1.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aifs.gov.au/acssa/pubs/researchsummary/ressum1/ressum1.pdf Shelf Number: 124220 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence (Australia) Sexual Violence

Author: APS Group Scotland Title: Responding to Forced Marriage: Multi-Agency Practice Guidelines Summary: These practice guidelines aim to inform frontline practitioners who are responsible for protecting children and adults from the abuse associated with forced marriage. They do not require significant changes in practice. You should use existing structures, policies and procedures designed to protect children, adults at risk and those experiencing domestic abuse. But, in doing so, you must be mindful of the specific risks and dangers associated with forced marriage. Risks to victims may be increased by all forms of family counselling, mediation, arbitration and conciliation; by failing to share or store information appropriately or safely; by involving families; and by breaches of confidentiality. Given the nature of forced marriage, no single agency can meet all the needs of someone affected by forced marriage. These practice guidelines, therefore, aim to encourage practitioners to work together safely to protect victims. This approach is also consistent with the Scottish Government's emphasis on a multi-agency response to tackling domestic abuse and responding to children and adults at risk of harm. There are multi-agency partnerships for violence against women in all local authorities. They are a good source of information and support for multi-agency working on these issues. Other relevant partnerships include Community Planning; Community Safety; Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences; Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements; Child Protection and Adult Protection Committees. Although forced marriage is primarily an issue of violence against women, the guidelines provide information relevant to practitioners assisting both male and female victims. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2011. 142p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 2, 2012 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/12/22165750/0 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/12/22165750/0 Shelf Number: 124342 Keywords: Child Marriage Child Protection Domestic Violence Forced Marriage (Scotland) Human Rights Violence Against Women

Author: Templeton, Lorna Title: Think Family Safely: Enhancing the Response of Alcohol Services to Domestic Abuse and Families Summary: Alcohol misuse and domestic violence are strongly correlated, but significant gaps remain in effective working between the alcohol and domestic violence sectors. Funded by the Big Lottery Fund, the three year Embrace Project (2008-2011) was set up to develop and evaluate a new model of good practice for alcohol services, to raise awareness of these overlapping issues at a national level, and to develop resources and learning which can be disseminated across the alcohol, domestic abuse and family sectors. This is the final evaluation report for the Embrace Project. The external evaluation offers a broad, independent evaluation of work of the Embrace Team, the work at the nine pilot sites, and the extent to which the Embrace project achieved a wider dissemination of the Embrace model. This final report covers the full period of the project and is based on a range of data collected during that time. This includes documentary evidence, qualitative data collected by the Embrace Team, 31 interviews conducted for the external evaluation, case studies submitted by the pilot sites, and evaluation data collected by the Embrace Team from the Can of Worms training events. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2011. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 2, 2012 at: http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/assets/files/Embrace/Yr%203%20Eval%20report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/assets/files/Embrace/Yr%203%20Eval%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 124350 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse (U.K.) Alcohol Treatment Programs Alcoholism Domestic Violence

Author: Rana, Sheetal Title: Addressing Domestic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Critical Issues for Culturally Competent Services Summary: mmigrant women as a social category are a diverse group. In the U.S., there are approximately 18 million women and girls who have emigrated from many countries around the world, under a myriad of circumstances, and with different types of immigration status (American Community Survey, 2008). They are from various socio-economic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Their age, sexual orientation, individual abilities, and levels of acculturation to the mainstream society vary. Amidst this diversity, immigrant women may share experiences, everyday realities, and a collective identity as immigrants, making them different from the mainstream society. These differences and similarities among immigrant women pose challenges in offering services to immigrant survivors of domestic violence, as well as highlight the importance of culturally competent services. Central to culturally competent domestic violence services to immigrant women is an in-depth understanding of domestic violence in immigrant communities. Cultural competence is a process that involves individual practitioners and systems responding to their clients in ways that recognize, value, and respect the clients’ cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors (NASW National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity, 2001; Rothman, 2008). In offering culturally competent domestic violence services to immigrant women, knowledge about socio-economic, cultural, and political contexts within which immigrant women experience domestic violence can be a useful guide. Such knowledge may contribute to the development and implementation of policies, programs, and approaches that respectfully as well as effectively respond to the unique and specific needs of immigrant survivors. With this purpose in mind, this paper focuses on what we can learn from existing research on immigrant women and domestic violence. This paper is organized into three sections: 1) overview of methodological issues in research used to generate knowledge of the nature and dynamics of domestic violence in immigrant communities; 2) research findings that help us understand the broad contexts within which immigrant women experience domestic violence; and 3) considerations for culturally competent services. Legal protections available for immigrant women survivors are discussed in another VAWnet Applied Research document by Shetty and Kaguyutan (2002) and, therefore, are not discussed in this paper. The terms “immigrant women survivors,” “immigrant survivors,” and “survivors” are used throughout this paper to refer to immigrant women who survive domestic violence. Details: National Online Resource Harrisburg, PA: Center on Violence Against Women, 2012. 11p. Source: VAWnet.org Applied Research: Internet Resource: Accessed March 23, 2012 at http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_DVImmigrantComm.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_DVImmigrantComm.pdf Shelf Number: 124671 Keywords: Domestic Violence Female Victims Immigrants Victim Services

Author: Dean, Charles W. Title: Social Work and Police Partnership: A Summons To The Village Strategies and Effective Practices Summary: The introductory chapter notes that social work/police partnerships are the next logical step in the development of community policing, since such a partnership meets the mandate to work together for the benefit and survival of the community. The second chapter provides a background overview of social work/police partnerships. It indicates that law enforcement and social work have continually served the same target groups, but with varying success. Currently, there are social work/police partnerships in several North Carolina jurisdictions that follow the crisis intervention paradigm that consists of the three stages of response, stabilization, and prevention. The third chapter profiles five social work/police partnerships that address domestic violence situations; four are in North Carolina jurisdictions, and one is in Memphis, TN. The next chapter presents observations and identifies critical concerns. It notes that the various models described focus on multi-problem households and some first-time callers with severe problems. In such situations, police act to restore order, mediate, separate if needed, stabilize the situation, arrest when warranted, and then leave, typically providing no prevention services. Social workers are involved in the coordinated response, either with the police on initial calls or the next day. They assess the situation, provide emergency service, mediate or facilitate separation when needed, read police reports, conduct background checks, refer to other agencies, and provide interim counseling until referral services begin. They monitor client progress and advocate for clients who need assistance. The fifth chapter outlines steps for communities to follow in assessing the need for social work/police partnerships; and the sixth chapter presents a checklist of effective practices for such partnerships. The concluding chapter outlines the measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of social worker/police partnerships. Details: Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Governor's Crime Commission, Criminal Justice Analysis Center, 2000. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 25, 2012 at Year: 2000 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 124739 Keywords: Domestic Assault Domestic Violence Partnerships Policing Social Work

Author: Sanders, Cynthia K. Title: Asset Building Programs for Domestic Violence Survivors Summary: Initiatives to promote asset ownership among low-income households have grown substantially in the last 20 years (Sherraden & McKernan, 2008). Asset ownership among low-income groups has largely been promoted through savings, homeownership, and small business development initiatives. Only recently have such programs begun to emerge as a strategy for promoting the social and economic well-being of domestic violence survivors (Sanders & Schnabel, 2006). This paper will discuss asset building programs, including some of the benefits of asset ownership and why asset building programs for domestic violence survivors may be important. The dearth of literature on assets and domestic violence is reviewed, calling for further research. Details: Harrisburg, PA: VAWnet, National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, 2011. 14p. Source: Applied Research: Internet Resource: Accessed April 24, 2012 at http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_AssetBuilding.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_AssetBuilding.pdf Shelf Number: 125060 Keywords: Domestic Violence Victims Services

Author: Ellsberg, Mary Title: Violence Against Women in Melanesia and Timor-Leste: Progress made since the 2008 Office of Development Effectiveness report Summary: This report builds on an earlier report published in 2008 by the Office of Development Effectiveness (ODE) of AusAID that assessed current approaches to addressing violence against women and girls in five of Australia’s partner countries: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Timor-Leste. In 2011, AusAID commissioned the International Center for Research on Women to undertake a follow-up study to take stock of what has happened with regard to the three key strategies for advancing the violence against women agenda put forward by the ODE report: (1) increasing access to justice for survivors of violence; (2) improving access and quality of support services for survivors; and (3) promoting violence prevention. The study also investigates a fourth strategy: strengthening the enabling environment for ending violence against women. This report presents research findings on progress made since the ODE report in these four thematic areas in the same five countries. The study methodology consisted of a desk review, an online questionnaire, and key informant interviews. The resulting data showcase successes and lessons learned as well as gaps and shortcomings that need renewed commitment by a broad range of stakeholders. Details: Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women, 2012. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 27, 2012 at: http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Violence-against-women-in-Melanesia-Timor-Leste-AusAID.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Violence-against-women-in-Melanesia-Timor-Leste-AusAID.pdf Shelf Number: 125070 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (Melanesia and Timor-Leste)

Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Call to End Violence Against Women and Girls Summary: There were over 1 million female victims of domestic abuse in England and Wales in the last year. Over 300,000 women are sexually assaulted and 60,000 women are raped each year. Overall in the UK, more than one in four women will experience domestic abuse in their lifetime, often with years of psychological abuse, Worldwide violence against women and girls can be a problem of pandemic proportions. This is unacceptable. The vast majority of these violent acts are perpetrated by men on women. In 2009/10, women were the victim of over seven out of ten (73%) incidents of domestic violence. More than one third (36%) of all rapes recorded by the police are committed against children under 16 years of age. This is unacceptable. Internationally, findings in a number of developing countries suggest that violence against women and girls is significant and is often endemic. Between 40% and 60% of women surveyed in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru, Samoa, Thailand and Tanzania said that they had been physically and/ or sexually abused by their close partners. This is unacceptable. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 1, 2012 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/call-end-violence-women-girls/vawg-paper?view=Binary Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/call-end-violence-women-girls/vawg-paper?view=Binary Shelf Number: 125114 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Intimate Partner Violence Rape Sexual Assault Violence Against Women, Children (U.K.)

Author: Swayze, Dana Title: Youth in Minnesota Correctional Facilities and the Effects of Trauma: Responses to the 2010 Minnesota Student Survey Summary: The Minnesota Student Survey (MSS) is a 127-item questionnaire administered every three years to 6th, 9th and 12th graders in Minnesota public schools. The survey includes a wide variety of questions related to youth attitudes, behaviors and health indicators. Questions reflect a range of protective factors including connectedness to school, family and community, as well as risk factors such as drug and alcohol use, violence and victimization. The survey originated in 1989 with the most recent administration occurring in 2010. In 2010, 88 percent of school districts participated. In total, 71 percent of 6th, 9th and 12th graders (roughly 131,000 students) completed the 2010 MSS. Twenty-four residential juvenile correctional facilities with onsite education programs also participated in the 2010 MSS. This report explores how youth in Minnesota correctional facilities who report having experienced trauma on the MSS (N=482) are similar to or different from those who do not. In addition, the responses of a matched sample of youth who have the same age, gender and racial attributes as the youth in correctional facilities, but took the MSS in a mainstream school, are analyzed for their experiences with trauma (N=500). Youth are classified as having experienced trauma if they answered “yes” to at least one of six trauma indicators on the MSS. Specifically, these questions assess if youth have experienced or witnessed domestic abuse at home; experienced familial or non-familial sexual abuse; or experienced abuse, threats or sexual force in a dating relationship. Understanding trauma is relevant to the field of juvenile justice, and indeed all youth-serving practices, in that childhood and adolescent exposure is connected to myriad issues for youth. These issues include family discord, running away, self-harm and suicide attempts, mental and emotional distress, and increased issues with drugs and alcohol. This report identifies the extent to which these attitudes and behaviors are present in Minnesota youth populations that have experienced trauma, and offers recommendations for traumainformed interventions and services. Child traumatic stress occurs when children and adoles - cents are exposed to events or situations that over - whelm their ability to cope. Generally speaking, a traumatic experience is one that threatens someone’s life, safety or well-being often resulting in intense feelings such as fear, terror, helplessness and hopelessness. Research continually demonstrates that youth involved in the juvenile justice system experience trauma at a rate significantly higher than the general youth popu - lation. MSS data support these findings in that over half of youth in correctional facilities report at least one form of trauma on the MSS (53%) compared to just over one-quarter of a matched sample of main - stream students (28%). Furthermore, a larger percen - tage of youth in correctional facilities report agreement with 3-6 trauma indicators (16%) than mainstream students (7%). In both populations, experiencing and witnessing domestic abuse are the most common trauma indi - cators reported. While mainstream youth are more likely to report experiencing physical, emotional or sexual abuse in their dating relationships, youth in correctional facilities are more likely to report having been sexually abused by a non-familial perpetrator. Interestingly, of all youth who report 3-6 trauma indicators, a greater percentage of mainstream youth report sexual abuse by a family member than do youth in correctional facilities. Details: St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Justice Programs, Statistical Analysis Center, 2012. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2012 at: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/!2012%20Trauma%20Corrections%20Report%20(2).pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/!2012%20Trauma%20Corrections%20Report%20(2).pdf Shelf Number: 125127 Keywords: Domestic Violence Juvenile Inmates Juvenile Offenders (Minnesota) Mental Health, Juvenile Offenders Sexual Abuse

Author: Swayze, Dana Title: Youth in Minnesota Correctional Facilities and the Effects of Trauma: Responses to the 2010 Minnesota Student Survey - September 2011 Summary: The Minnesota Student Survey (MSS) is a 127-item questionnaire administered every three years to 6th, 9th and 12th graders in Minnesota public schools. The survey includes a wide variety of questions related to youth attitudes, behaviors and health indicators. Questions reflect a range of protective factors including connectedness to school, family and community, as well as risk factors such as drug and alcohol use, violence and victimization. The survey originated in 1989 with the most recent administration occurring in 2010. In 2010, 88 percent of school districts participated. In total, 71 percent of 6th, 9th and 12th graders (roughly 131,000 students) completed the 2010 MSS. Twenty-four residential juvenile correctional facilities with onsite education programs also participated in the 2010 MSS. In this report, the responses from 584 youth in correctional facilities were compared to a same-sized sample of youth who took the MSS in mainstream schools. Students were matched to one another on their gender, age, race and Hispanic ethnicity. Comparing two “mirror image” groups of students helps to ensure that differences in survey responses are not attributable to demographic variables. Exploring differences between the two student groups can provide information on what challenges youth in correctional facilities are facing, and what targeted intervention efforts may alleviate their personal or situational difficulties. Similarly, areas in which survey responses are the same for both groups can illuminate protective factors all youth possess, or risk factors to which all youth are vulnerable. A secondary objective of this report is to demonstrate how the MSS data findings support the need for best practices across youth-serving disciplines. The following sections are selected findings from the report. Details: St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Justice Programs, Statistical Analysis Center, 2011. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2012 at https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/!2010%20Youth%20Corrections%20Report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp/forms-documents/Documents/!2010%20Youth%20Corrections%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 125159 Keywords: Domestic Violence Juvenile Inmates Juvenile Offenders (Minnesota) Mental Health, Juvenile Offenders Sexual Abuse

Author: Wright, Emily M. Title: Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Gendered and Contextual Effects on Adolescent Interpersonal Violence, Drug Use, and Mental Health Outcomes Summary: Although research has indicated that intimate partner violence (IPV) increases the likelihood of a range of negative outcomes for children, few studies have examined the shortand long-term consequences of IPV while controlling for other relevant experiences, investigated the multi-level nature of exposure to IPV among youth, or explored gender differences in the relationships. This study sought to aid in this research by examining three questions: 1. What are the direct effects of IPV exposure on youths‘ interpersonal violence, drug use, and internalizing symptoms? 2. What are the main effects of neighborhood characteristics (i.e., concentrated disadvantage and collective efficacy) on neighborhood rates of youth violence, drug use, and internalizing symptoms? 3. Does the effect of IPV exposure vary across neighborhoods? If so, is the relationship between IPV exposure and youth violence, drug use, and internalizing symptoms conditioned by neighborhood characteristics? Data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) were utilized to answer these questions. The short- and long-term effects of IPV exposure were examined using longitudinal data collected at three time points, when youth participants were aged 8-17 (wave 1), 9-20 (wave 2), and 12-22 (wave 3). Each research question was examined for the full sample (N=2,344 youth at wave 1 from 79 neighborhood clusters), and separately by gender (N=1,180 males and 1,164 females). Data were analyzed using hierarchical modeling techniques (HLM) to account for the multi-level structure of the data. Details: Columbia, SC: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of South Carolina, 2009. 140p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 15, 2012 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235153.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235153.pdf Shelf Number: 125284 Keywords: Children's Exposure to Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Interpersonal Violence Intimate Partner Violence (U.S.)

Author: Broadhurst, Roderic Title: Hong Kong International Violence Against Women Survey: Final Report of the 2006 Hong Kong IVAWS Summary: From 2003 to 2009, the International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS) has been conducted in 12 developed and developing countries. The IVAWS is a comprehensive instrument that measures women's experiences of physical and sexual violence by men, including intimate partners, victim' helpseeking behaviour and the response of the criminal justice system. The instrument contains behaviour-specific questions and interviews are conducted solely by female callers, who have been trained in understanding the ways in which violence affects women and how they may react to the survey questions. The IVAWS uses standardised questionnaires and data collection methods, which makes it possible to reliably compare data across time, countries and cultures. Between December 2005 and March 2006, a random sample of 1,297 Hong Kong women was interviewed by telephone about their experiences of violence using the IVAWS instrument. Demographic and socio-economic data were collected as well as details of their current and former intimate relationships. Women were asked whether since the age of 16 years, in the previous five years and in the past year they had been the victims of physical (including threats of violence) or sexual (including unwanted touching) violence by men. Further questions probed who the perpetrator was, particularly whether it was an intimate partner, a relative, a friend or acquaintance, or a stranger. From their responses, adult lifetime, five-year and one-year prevalence estimates are computed. Women who had experienced violence since the age of 16 were asked a series of questions about the most recent incident either by an intimate partner or a non-partner, including whether they had reported their victimisation to the police and/or victim support services. Respondents involved in an intimate relationship were also asked about the socio-demographics and behavioural characteristics of their partner. Using information on the women and their partner, we examine the predictors of violent victimisation. Details: Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong, Social Sciences Research Centre; Canberra: The Australian National University, Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security, 2012. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2012 at: http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/146076/1/Content.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Hong Kong URL: http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/146076/1/Content.pdf Shelf Number: 125414 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence Victimization Survey Violence Against Women (Hong Kong)

Author: Losel, Friedrich A. Title: Strengthening Transnational Approaches to Reducing Reoffending: Final Report Summary: The STARR Cambridge Team has produced six research products, comprising three systematic reviews and three questionnaire surveys. These products have focused on interventions to reduce reoffending among three offence categories, respectively: young offenders, domestic violence perpetrators, and substance abusing offenders. The questionnaire survey also gathered additional information on interventions to reduce reoffending among alcohol abusing offenders. The three systematic reviews investigated the current state of European evidence on programmes to reduce reoffending in each of the three primary offence categories under STARR’s purview. The questionnaire surveys clarified our understanding of what is currently practiced throughout Europe in reoffending programmes. We summarise the key conclusions from each of our primary research outputs below. Readers seeking further elaboration of the methods, processes, and outcomes are referred to the corresponding Appendices. In addition to conducting primary research, the Cambridge Team has made various other contributions to the STARR project: 1. support of the project partners in the design and execution of a series of focus groups on obstacles to programme evaluation; 2. provision of research guidance and expertise in the execution of the STARR project partners’ pilot projects in Bulgaria, Hungary, and France; 3. assistance in the organisation of the STARR seminars and conferences; 4. lectures at all STARR conferences; and 5. facilitation of group workshops at three STARR conferences and seminars. Furthermore, we have bolstered STARR’s international presence by disseminating selected findings in invited plenary lectures at a number of conferences; e.g., at the International Prisons and Corrections Conference at Ghent, Belgium (2010), International Conference of Psychology and Law at Miami, USA (2011), and the Summit of the Chinese Criminological Society at Hangzhou, China (2011). Details: Cambridge, UK: Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, 2012(?). 158p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2012 at: http://www.cepprobation.org/uploaded_files/Rep%20STARR%20ENG.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.cepprobation.org/uploaded_files/Rep%20STARR%20ENG.pdf Shelf Number: 125369 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Correctional Treatment Domestic Violence Drug Offenders, Treatment Juvenile Offenders, Treatment Recidivism Reoffending

Author: Rabin, Nina Title: At the Border between Public and Private: U.S. Immigration Policy for Victims of Domestic Violence Summary: This paper is an examination of the treatment of women in flight from domestic violence at the U.S. Mexico border. It compares the robust state protections and institutional framework for women victims of domestic violence in the interior of the country with the hostile landscape women encounter at the border. The paper draws on three sources for information about the treatment at the border of domestic violence victims: an in-depth case study of one woman’s experience of domestic violence and flight, a small data set of women who fled domestic violence and were detained in Eloy Detention Center in Arizona during 2010 and 2011, and a detailed analysis of the policies and practices at play when a woman in flight from domestic violence comes to the U.S. border. The case study, data sample, and policy analysis paint a grim picture that may surprise many. Women fleeing violence whose lives entangle with the border confront a bureaucracy and a justice system that harkens back to the time, fifty years ago, when domestic violence was seen as a private matter about which there was little the government could or should do to respond. Most often, women are immediately turned around and sent back to the abuse without any opportunity to explain their terror. If they do voice their fear, they are often locked up in detention centers for months and sometimes years at a time. In the majority of cases, after this prolonged incarceration, they are deported back to the abuse from which they fled. The U.S. immigration policies and practices that lead to these results are not only failing to respond to these victims’ harms; they are actually exacerbating their trauma and isolation, often sending them back to a more dangerous situation than the one they originally fled. Building on this descriptive account, the paper analyzes whether there is sound justification for the differential treatment immigrant women victims of domestic violence receive at the border as compared to in the interior of the country. A closer look at the treatment of immigrant victims of domestic violence in the interior reveals that they receive state protection and assistance so long as they are conceived of solely in terms of their victimization. Inevitably, when their status as victims becomes intertwined with their status as undocumented immigrants, the state’s commitment to robust protection and assistance weakens. What is unique at the geographic border, however, is the ways in which these anxieties about admissions are cloaked in language about the “private” nature of the violence at issue for women in flight from domestic violence. This use of the public/private distinction to express underlying concerns about immigration admissions policies is disturbing on two counts: it fails to discuss transparently the considerations at issue and it minimizes the deep structural roots of domestic violence no matter where it occurs. Details: Tucson, AZ: James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Draft Paper: Accessed July 2, 2012 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2084363 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2084363 Shelf Number: 125457 Keywords: Asylum Domestic Violence Domestic Violence (U.S.) Immigrant Detention Immigrants Violence Against Women

Author: Somach, Susan D. Title: Egypt Violence Against Women Study: Literature Review of Violence Against Women Summary: As the Egyptian National Council for Women (NCW) and USAID-funded Combating Violence Against Women project designed the elements of the multi-dimensional study of violence against women in Egypt, the project began surveying available research and information from international, regional, and Egyptian sources. Violence Against Women and Gender Specialist Susan Somach and Combating Violence project Research Manager Gihan AbuZeid conducted the initial review of research, which was supplemented by a bibliography prepared by Social, Planning, Analysis, and Administration Consultants. The research team also conducted individual and group meetings with academics and researchers at project start-up to identify current research and gaps that should be filled by the NCW— Combating Violence Study of Violence Against Women. The purpose of the literature review was to build on the base of existing knowledge and to avoid duplication of efforts. In addition to the literature summarized here, the Egyptian experts involved in the study also surveyed available research in their own areas of expertise, again to build on existing knowledge and to avoid overlapping efforts. The review of research continued throughout the study process, culminating in this literature review. The review concludes by identifying gaps in research, many of which are addressed by the elements of the larger violence against women study. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2009. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 9, 2012 at: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ891.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Egypt URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ891.pdf Shelf Number: 125519 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Egypt)

Author: Said, Samah Title: Egypt Violence Against Women Study: Overview of Services on Violence Against Women Summary: This report provides an overview and examination of services currently available to women victims of violence. The focus of the study is a core set of direct protection services for addressing immediate needs for women victims of violence, including health services, shelters, counseling services, help lines, and legal services. In addition, the report describes selected advocacy initiatives by NGOs in recent years which seek to prevent violence against women through legal changes, research, and awareness. To examine the services and initiatives, the report draws on a wide range of data sources. Information on services provided by the government was mostly collected through interviews with key government officials and review of laws, regulations and other key government documents. Site visits were made to eight women’s shelters, eleven health facilities, and two government-sponsored family counseling centers. Information on non-governmental services was obtained through interviews and group discussions with eighty-five NGOs active in women’s issues. The examination finds both government and NGO engagement in providing the core services for protecting victims of violence against women. However, availability of these services is quite limited overall considering the immense challenge of addressing this issue. Specific findings include: Shelters. Eight shelters are currently operating in Egypt, comprising 214 total beds. Despite the limited availability of beds, shelter managers note that many shelters are often empty for extended periods of time. Medical services. Interviewed medical professionals note that they commonly treat cases of domestic violence, but also noted that although women victims receive medical treatment, there are no specific services or protocols at hospitals and health units for victims of violence against women. Helplines. Among 85 NGOs interviewed, only 4 provide helplines, and only one of these is available 24 hours (hotline). In addition, the National Council of Women’s Ombudsmen’s office operates the only government helpline for women. Listening and counseling services. Among the 85 NGOs interviewed, eight provide in-person listening or counseling service available for women victims of violence. In addition, the Ministry of Social Solidarity (MoSS) funds and local NGOs operate 183 Family Counseling Office. Legal services. Twenty-one of the 85 NGOs interviewed provide some legal services which may be accessible to women victims of violence, although most of these organizations focus on other legal issues affecting women In addition, the NCW’s Ombudsmen’s office provides legal assistance to women on a variety of women’s issues, including violence. Advocacy and prevention strategies. Although there have been some national campaigns of note in recent years addressing violence against women, most of the 85 NGOs interviewed acknowledge that campaigns regarding on violence against women have been sporadic. Overview of Services on Violence Against Women 2 Based on the finding a number of recommendations are provided in the conclusion of the report to address the service needs of women victims of violence, focusing primarily on shelters, medical services, and the role of NGOs as service providers. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2009. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2012 at: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ889.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Egypt URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ889.pdf Shelf Number: 125528 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Services for (Egypt)

Author: Youssef, Enas Abu Title: Egypt Violence Against Women Study: Media Coverage of Violence Against Women Summary: This study attempts to identify the nature of the coverage of violence against women in the Egyptian mass media with the aim of introducing an effective media mechanism that will help expand interest in this issue beyond the limited academic community and dedicated authorities, and expanded to the general public. This study is based on a secondary analysis of six reports published by the NCW’s Media Watch Unit from April 2005 to March 2006 and from February 2007 to February 2008. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the social cultural analysis model of monitoring the direct relationship between the media discourse and the prevalent culture and the social and political discourses in society. The findings of the analytical study indicate that the media did not give sufficient attention to publishing information related to violence against women. Issues related to violence against women comprised only 17.4 percent of its total coverage of women’s issues, based on the study sample. The representation of community violence was covered more often (66.1 percent of cases of media coverage of violence against women), compared to domestic violence (33.9 percent). Both print media and television were similar in their coverage of community violence (70 percent and 60.2 percent coverage of violence against women, respectively), and in their coverage of domestic violence (30 percent and 39.8 percent, respectively). Radio programs had an equal interest in domestic and community violence (50.1 percent and 49.9 percent coverage of violence against women, respectively). The findings confirm that media discourse tends to focus negatively on sexual harassment of women at work and in the street. However, on the issue of political involvement of women, media discourse was divided between supporting and opposing women in politics. Of particular note is the media’s general agreement with the idea that a woman does not have the right to be nominated for the presidency. The review of the target audiences indicates that media messages do not differentiate by audience categories — rural/urban, age categories, and economic levels. Rather, media discourse is oriented primarily elite audiences. In dramatic representation of violence against women on radio and television, the analysis shows that violence against women is one of the main sources for conflict in plots for broadcast dramas. Of the 48 percent of radio dramas that presented issues of violence against women, 86.8 percent depicted domestic violence and 13.2 percent depicted community violence. Of the 45 percent of television dramas presenting violence against women, 69.5 percent depicted domestic violence and 30.5 percent depicted community violence. The qualitative analysis of the dramatic productions shows that, when these programs portray violence, the family’s disintegration or malfunctioning is mostly the woman’s fault and only she is to be blamed. In addition, in these productions, justifiable reasons are given for violence against women. Details: Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2009. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2012 at: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ888.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Egypt URL: http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ888.pdf Shelf Number: 125530 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Mass Media Violence Against Women (Eqypt)

Author: United States Agency for Internetional Development Title: Egypt Violence Against Women Study: Summary of Findings Summary: Violence against women has increasingly been recognized as an issue of national concern by the Government of Egypt and the National Council for Women (NCW). Responding to the government’s commitment to ending violence, the NCW and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) established the Combating Violence Against Women project. As a major component of the project, the NCW commissioned this study to provide the background information needed for the development of a national strategy to combat violence against women in Egypt and to plan future activities. Although much of the available research on violence against women focuses on the public health impacts, this Violence Against Women Survey takes a human rights approach that examines the issue from a holistic, multisectoral perspective. The study was conducted by Egyptian academics, researchers, and activists nominated by the NCW, including university research institutions, private-sector research firms, leading nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and government experts. The study process included gathering information from a variety of sources and sectors, analyzing new and existing research by Egyptian experts, and developing preliminary recommendations. Building on research conducted previously by the NCW, other Egyptian government and nongovernmental entities, and experts, the study authors use a wide range of methodologies to focus on various aspects of the issue. Specifically, this study considers the prevalence of different types of violence against women, attitudes among married and unmarried women and men, the legal policy and regulatory framework related to violence against women issues, the role of media, services currently available to female victims of violence, and recommendations for reducing levels of violence. Details: Washignton, DC: USAID, 2009. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2012 at: http://egypt.unfpa.org/pdfs/GENDER/GBV/internal_link_EGYPT_VIOLENCE_AGAINST_WOMEN_STUDY_english.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Egypt URL: http://egypt.unfpa.org/pdfs/GENDER/GBV/internal_link_EGYPT_VIOLENCE_AGAINST_WOMEN_STUDY_english.pdf Shelf Number: 125531 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (Egypt)

Author: Harding, Rachel Title: Sex Work: Abuse or Choice? The Experiences of Framework's Women Residents Summary: ‘Sex work: abuse or choice’ was in response to the concern that sex working women were regarded only as anti-social behaviour problems. Anecdotally, Framework staff had said that the sex working women resident at projects had typically experienced significant and traumatic abuse, and were presenting at services with complex needs. The study set out to test the hypothesis that the sex working women had indeed experienced abuse, and were presenting with complex needs. In particular, it sought to find out whether a woman’s experience of abuse influenced her decision to sex work. In devising the study and making recommendations following the findings, Framework and POW2 have worked together to raise awareness of the issues faced by sex workers, promote appropriate support and service provision, and seek to establish a safe house for sex working women in Nottingham. The study found much disturbing information about the abuse and the complex needs of the women interviewed. The detailed findings of the report, and especially the statistics, can make shocking reading. However, what cannot be forgotten is that the findings each tell a story of the women interviewed, for whom life has been, in some cases, unbelievably difficult. It is hoped that this research report will be a means of understanding the problems some women have lived, and what effects these have had on them and their ability to cope now. It is therefore important to consider which appropriate response and at what appropriate pace is to be made to the enormous need presented by the women interviewed, some of which they spoke about for the first time. Details: Nottingham, UK: Framework, 2005. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2012 at: http://www.ndvf.org.uk/files/document/1043/original.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ndvf.org.uk/files/document/1043/original.pdf Shelf Number: 125623 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Prostitutes Prostitution Sex Workers (U.K.)

Author: Velleman, Richard: Reuber, Danielle Title: Domestic Violence and Abuse experienced by Children and Young People living in Families with Alcohol Problems. Results from a Cross-European Study Summary: Children and young people living in families where parents have significant problems with alcohol are often very badly affected. They have a range of very negative experiences, and often develop problems and psychological and/or physical symptoms as a result. Similarly, children and young people growing up in families where there are significant problems with domestic violence or aggression are also often badly affected: they also often experience a range of distressing incidents, and also often develop problems of their own as a result. It is well known that the incidence of domestic violence and aggression is much higher in families where there are also alcohol problems; but very little research has been undertaken on the impact of both of these family problems on children and young people. Although many children and young people do develop problems as a result of both of these family upbringings, a significant minority do not. They seem to be resilient. This project set out to look at children and young people across Europe, to discover what impacts having parents with both of these problems combined had on children, and then to suggest ways of improving practice and policy, within individual countries and across the EU, that would help these children. Experts in issues relating to addiction or violence within the family from eleven institutions located within ten EU states participated in planning and overseeing this project: Germany, where experts also coordinated the project, and Austria, England, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Malta, Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Details: Cologne, Germany: Catholic University of Applied Sciences North-Rhine Westphalia, 2007. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 17, 2012 at: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/11965/1/Encare_ParentalAlcoholProblems.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Europe URL: http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/11965/1/Encare_ParentalAlcoholProblems.pdf Shelf Number: 101391 Keywords: Alcohol Use and Abuse Alcoholism Child Abuse and Neglect (Europe) Child Maltreatment Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Kishor, Sunita Title: Women’s and Men’s Experience of Spousal Violence in Two African Countries: Does Gender Matter? Summary: A large body of global research documents the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women across the world and the resulting socioeconomic costs and reproductive and other health consequences for societies, women, and their children (United Nations 2006; Watts and Zimmerman 2002; Campbell 2002). In this literature, IPV is accepted as gender-based, directed disproportionately at women because of their gender. A contrary body of predominantly US-based research argues that IPV is not necessarily gender-based, and that women are as aggressive as men, or even more aggressive, in committing violence against their partners (Archer 2000, 2002; Straus 1990, 1993; Gelles and Straus 1988; White et al. 2000). The debate about gender symmetry challenges us to document the prevalence of IPV experienced by men in developing country settings and to examine how men’s experience of IPV compares and contrasts with IPV experienced by women in its extent, severity, frequency, and health consequences. To better understand the role of gender in IPV outside the developed world, this report compares the experiences of married men and married women with spousal violence, the most common form of IPV, using data from two sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana and Uganda. In these two countries, the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) asked nationally representative samples of women and men about their experience and perpetration of spousal violence using similar questions. Specifically, this paper addresses the following questions: 1. Are the extent, patterns, and severity of the experience of spousal violence similar between men and women? 2. Does the relationship between the experience of and the perpetration of spousal violence differ between men and women? Are women and men equally likely to be victims as well as aggressors of violence? 3. Do the correlates of the experience and perpetration of violence differ between men and women? When these identified correlates are held constant, is gender still a significant predictor of experience and/or perpetration of violence? 4. Is the association between experience and/or perpetration of spousal violence and selected health outcomes similar for men and women? The analysis finds that spousal violence is relatively common among both women and men in the two countries studied, but finds no evidence of gender symmetry: In Uganda, almost half of married women have experienced spousal physical violence compared with almost one-fifth of married men; and in Ghana, 19 percent of married women have experienced such violence compared with 10 percent of married men. Although women are clearly not the only victims of spousal violence, they are consistently and significantly more likely than men to experience all forms—physical, sexual, and emotional—of such violence. Further, the violence that women experience at the hands of their husbands is more common, more severe, and more likely to result in injuries than the violence that men experience from their wives. Men are significantly more likely than women to report that they have perpetrated violence against their spouse. Few women in both countries report perpetrating violence (6to 7 percent), and well-over half of these women who report perpetrating spousal violence also report experiencing it, suggesting that they are in mutually violent marriages. For men, the pattern is much different: More than 40 percent of men in Uganda and 16 percent in Ghana report perpetrating violence against their wives, and among these men who perpetrate violence about one-third in both countries also report experiencing spousal violence. These results demonstrate that, in these two countries, men are significantly more likely to be the aggressors, and women the victims, of spousal physical violence, and that the spousal violence experienced by women is much more syndromic in nature than the violence experienced by men. The study finds that the most consistent correlates of experience and perpetration of spousal violence were whether the respondent’s father beat his/her mother and whether the respondent’s spouse drinks alcohol and gets drunk. After controlling for other characteristics, both parental IPV and spousal alcohol use were associated with increased odds of perpetrating violence for both sexes and in both countries. These same factors were also associated with higher odds of experiencing spousal violence for both women and men in Uganda and for women in Ghana. Due to sample-size constraints, results were not statistically significant for men in Ghana. In a model pooling data for women and men, controlling for all other factors including parental IPV and partner alcohol consumption, women still had significantly higher odds of experiencing violence and lower odds of perpetrating violence compared with men. In examining associations between spousal physical violence and poor health and behavioral outcomes, controlling for background characteristics and associated factors, the report finds that in both countries, women who experienced spousal violence had significantly higher odds of having a self-reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) or STI symptom and of having experienced pregnancy loss (miscarriage or abortion) compared with women who did not experience spousal violence. In Ghana, experience of violence was also associated with higher odds of having a child who died and having a child who is stunted. Ugandan women who perpetrated violence had higher odds of self-reported STIs and Ghanaian women who perpetrated violence had higher odds of pregnancy loss; finally, women in Ghana had a higher number of children ever born and a higher lifetime number of sexual partners, on average, if they had both experienced and perpetrated violence compared with women who had done neither. Men in both countries who had both perpetrated and experienced spousal violence had higher odds of reporting STIs or STI symptoms; additionally, Ugandan men who perpetrated spousal violence, whether or not they had also experienced spousal violence, had higher odds of having had a non-spousal partner in the past 12 months and having paid for sex, and a higher number of children ever born. Ugandan men who only perpetrated spousal violence had a higher lifetime number of sexual partners, as well as higher odds of having had a child who had died, than men who had not perpetrated violence. Ghanaian men who perpetrated violence had higher odds of having had a child who is stunted and lower odds of having used a condom at last sexual intercourse with their most recent sexual partner. (Note: For men information related to children is based on their wives’ reports). In sum, experiencing violence for women is associated with several poor health outcomes for themselves and their children; whereas for men, perpetrating spousal violence is particularly associated with higherrisk sexual behaviors and some poor health outcomes for their children. The findings of this report are unambiguous in demonstrating that the level, intensity, and severity of spousal violence against women are much greater than they are against men; that women are much more likely to be the victims and men the aggressors, even after controlling for other relevant factors; that when men do experience violence it is much more likely to be in a mutually violent relationship, while women are much more likely to be only the victims of violence; and that women and the children of women who experience violence are more likely to experience poor health outcomes than men or the children of men who experience violence. Nonetheless, it is important to note that when women are perpetrators of violence, their male partners do suffer at least some of the same health consequences as suffered by women victims. Based on the findings of this report, it is recommended that elimination of violence against women should remain the highest priority. Nonetheless, programs that are working to reduce violence and its negative health consequences should also take into consideration the fact that not all men are only perpetrators of spousal violence; some are also victims. Details: Calverton, MD: ICF International, 2012. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: DHS Analytical Studies No. 27: Accessed July 19, 2012 at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/AS27/AS27.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Africa URL: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/AS27/AS27.pdf Shelf Number: 125675 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender Intimate Partner Violence Spouse Abuse (Ghana, Uganda, Africa) Violence Against Women

Author: Arney, Fiona Title: Men's Places: Literature Review Summary: This report provides detail from a review of the literature regarding the prevention of and response to family violence with a focus on engaging Aboriginal men in remote communities. The literature review has been derived at the request of Department of Children and Families in the Northern Territory Australia to inform efforts in violence protection and response with a focus on men. A search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to report on the practice and programs related to (i) community-focused activity for men aimed at reducing family violence before it occurs and (ii), community focused activity aimed at providing effective responses to men involved in family violence. The literature review focuses on activity that has been successful in (i) remote Australian communities and (ii), activity that has been successful in remote indigenous communities of other countries. The literature review highlights the need to work with Aboriginal men for their own healing as people that experience violence and for the benefit of family and community where men perpetrate violence. In Aboriginal communities, it is more than likely that abusive men will remain in the lives of their partners for a range of reasons. The review also highlights the limitations of mainstream law and order approaches to reducing family violence in Aboriginal communities, but also describes the lack of a solid evidence base for community based approaches to preventing and responding to violence. The review describes approaches for engaging men in service delivery, and the need to incorporate models which accurately represent men’s attitudes to violence, health, service delivery and behaviour change. Details: Darwin, NT, Australia: The Centre for Child Development and Education, Menzies School of Health Research, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 7, 2012 at: http://ccde.menzies.edu.au/sites/default/files/Arney%20Westby%202012%20Mens%20Places.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://ccde.menzies.edu.au/sites/default/files/Arney%20Westby%202012%20Mens%20Places.pdf Shelf Number: 125899 Keywords: Aboriginals Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Violence Against Women

Author: Naved, Ruchira Tabassum Title: Men's Attitudes and Practices Regarding Gender and Violence Against Women in Bangladesh: Preliminary Findings Summary: Violence against women and girls (VAWG) remains one of the most pervasive yet least recognised human-rights abuses in the world. It is a worldwide problem, crossing cultural, geographic, religious, social and economic boundaries. It exists in the private and public spheres, and occurs in times of peace and conflict. Globally, as many as one in every three women is beaten, coerced into sex, or abused in some way during her lifetime (UN General Assembly 2006). The most common form of violence experienced by women and girls globally is domestic violence, which is most often perpetrated by a male partner against a female partner. The Asia-Pacific region has some of the highest reported levels of VAWG in the world and in Bangladesh previous studies indicate that one in two women have faced some form of violence in their lives (WHO 2005). Despite decades of work to end violence, and some significant advances in terms of public awareness, laws and policies, there is no indication that aggregate levels of violence have decreased in the region. Thus, VAWG continues unabated and often quietly condoned; impairing families, communities and societies in general. Most responses to VAWG focus on women’s rights and empowerment, legal reform, protection and service provision. Whilst these interventions continue to be key priorities, addressing root causes of VAWG through primary prevention is vital if we are to create violence-free societies. This report, Men’s Attitudes and Practices Regarding Gender and Violence against Women in Bangladesh, is part of The Change Project: Understanding gender, masculinities and power to prevent gender-based violence. It is the first study of its kind in Bangladesh. Interviewing men has provided new knowledge on prevailing social norms, men’s attitudes and behaviours – and how they perpetuate violence. Significantly, this study demonstrates that violence is not inevitable and points us in the direction of how to stop violence before it starts. Details: Dhaka, Bangladesh: icddr,b, 2011. 50p. Source: Accessed August 13, 2012 at: http://www.partners4prevention.org/files/resources/final_report_bangladesh.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Bangladesh URL: http://www.partners4prevention.org/files/resources/final_report_bangladesh.pdf Shelf Number: 126006 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (Bangladesh)

Author: United States Agency for International Development Title: United States Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gender-based Violence Globally Summary: Under the leadership of President Obama and Secretary Clinton, the United States has put gender equality and the advancement of women and girls at the forefront of the three pillars of U.S. foreign policy–diplomacy, development, and defense. This is embodied in the President’s National Security Strategy, the Presidential Policy Directive on Global Development, and the 2010 U.S. Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR). Evidence demonstrates that women’s empowerment is critical to building stable, democratic societies; to supporting open and accountable governance; to furthering international peace and security; to growing vibrant market economies; and to addressing pressing health and education challenges. Preventing and responding to gender-based violence is a cornerstone of the Administration’s commitment to advancing gender equality. Such violence significantly hinders the ability of individuals to fully participate in and contribute to their families and communities–economically, politically, and socially. Vice President Biden, who authored the Violence Against Women Act while in the Senate, has been a leader in efforts to end violence against women and girls for two decades. Secretary of State Clinton and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Administrator Rajiv Shah also have been tireless advocates for ending gender-based violence, and have elevated this issue as a foreign policy priority. To further advance its commitment to gender equality and women’s empowerment, the Obama Administration has developed this new strategy to prevent and respond more effectively to genderbased violence globally. The purpose of the strategy is to establish a government-wide approach that identifies, coordinates, integrates, and leverages current efforts and resources. The strategy provides Federal agencies with a set of concrete goals and actions to be implemented and monitored over the course of the next three years with an evaluation of progress midway through this period. At the end of the three-year timeframe, the agencies will evaluate the progress made and chart a course forward. To ensure a government-wide perspective in developing this strategy, the White House, at the request of the U.S. Department of State and USAID, convened representatives from the U.S. Departments of State, the Treasury, Defense, Justice, Labor, Health and Human Services (including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health), and Homeland Security, as well as from the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, USAID, the Peace Corps, and the Millennium Challenge Corporation. These included representatives working on the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Health Initiative (GHI), and the Office of the United States Government Special Advisor and Senior Coordinator for Children in Adversity. Additionally, the White House, the Department of State, and USAID held multiple consultations with civil society organizations to ensure that their perspectives informed the development of the strategy. Details: Washington, DC: USAID, 2012. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 17, 2012 at: http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/196468.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/196468.pdf Shelf Number: 126057 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Girls Violence Against Women

Author: Arnold, Leah Title: 'Breaking the Cycle of Violence': A Quantitative Evaluation of an Educative Intervention Aimed at Improving the Self-Concepts and Behaviours of Vulnerable Adolescents Summary: The present research offers an evaluation of the LINX Programme; an intervention for young people who have been exposed to domestic violence and ultimately have severe self-concept and violence related issues. The methodology primarily consists of quantitative likert-scale surveys which are administered to the participants both before they begin the programme and 12 weeks later upon its completion. Therefore the data collection has been a longitudinal process. Additionally, reoffending data has been collected from past LINX participants and is used in conjunction with the survey data. For a significant statistical majority of young people, both self-concepts and behaviours had improved following the LINX Programme. Likewise, to highlight further the achievement of this intervention, no significant variance of scores was found across either gender or age. This suggests that the programme has been consistently delivered and is applicable for the majority of young people in attendance; however due to certain limitations other alternative explanations for this statistical outcome are discussed. This study has an extensive rationale due to the currently very limited academic focus on intervention efforts. Particularly minimal are studies which adopt a quantitative approach. Furthermore, this investigation takes an original approach by developing very informative regional comparisons where the same intervention is employed within four different counties of the United Kingdom. Beyond its contribution to social psychological research, this study has implications for the LINX Programme itself, by effectively applying social scientific knowledge to the evaluation of an existing intervention. In conclusion to the project, recommendations for extensions to the present research and the future development of the LINX Programme are identified. Details: Southampton, UK: University of Southampton, 2011. 51p. Source: Dissertation: Internet Resource: Accessed September 4, 2012 at http://www.hamptontrust.org.uk/what_we_do/linx/la_dissertation_breakingthecycleofviolence.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hamptontrust.org.uk/what_we_do/linx/la_dissertation_breakingthecycleofviolence.pdf Shelf Number: 126254 Keywords: Adolescents Crime Prevention Programs Domestic Violence Intervention Programs

Author: Duncan, Jill Title: Addressing 'The Ultimate Insult': Responding to Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Sexual Violence Summary: The paper is intended to inform and assist domestic/ family violence and sexual assault workers to understand this complex issue and to critically examine their practice in the work they undertake in supporting women affected by IPSV. However, we consider issues raised to also be relevant for policy makers, generalist counsellors and community sector professionals, including medical and health practitioners, who are working with women experiencing intimate partner violence, and facilitators of men’s behaviour change programs. This paper provides recommendations throughout that aim to clarify and build on existing knowledge and skills of practitioners. The recommendations comprise key messages drawn from the literature in the first half of the paper and suggestions arising from the worker practice forum and survey discussed in the second half. Details: Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse, The University of New South Wales, 2011. 16p. Source: Stakeholder Paper 10: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2012 at http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/documents/Stakeholder_Paper_10.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/documents/Stakeholder_Paper_10.pdf Shelf Number: 126570 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence (Australia) Sexual Violence (Australia) Victim Services (Australia)

Author: Debbonaire, Thangam Title: The Pilot of the Respect/Relate/CAFCASS Domestic Violence Risk Identification Tool: Evaluation Report Summary: Domestic violence risk identification, assessment and management are all developing in various ways and for various purposes in different organisations in the US, Australia, UK and elsewhere. Police, probation, social work and specialist domestic violence services are using various forms of risk assessment and identification tools and systems to guide their work with perpetrators and victims of domestic violence and their children. These tools and systems have developed over the years, gradually bringing more specific factors identified as affecting risk to the attention of professionals working with either perpetrators or victims or both in order to assist them to carry out various different activities. In 2006/07 staff from Respect, CAFCASS and Relate came together to consider a risk assessment tool that: 1. Can be used within practitioners’ current workload; 2. Can convey information from a range of sources – even and especially where the alleged perpetrator may be one source of information and where there may be huge contradictions in versions of events; 3. Takes into account the key risk factors – assuming information not only from criminal justice sources or about recent incidents; 4. Does not simply add to the dizzying range of different assessment tools already out there. The CAADA risk checklist was developed in Cardiff to support multiagency information sharing around 2000. It has since become the checklist used by Independent Domestic Violence Advisors and within MARACs (Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conferences) which are spreading rapidly across the UK. MARACs aim to pool available information on victims who have been identified by key agencies as at medium or high risk, to plan interventions and monitoring in order to reduce the risk of continued domestic violence. Evaluations of MARACS identify the benefits for victims of this approach to protection, which include most significantly reductions in rates of recidivism. There is an implication here that this form of risk management may also be contributing to the prevention of serious injury and death – future research will be in a better position to explore this. During 2007, specialist staff in all three agencies worked together to produce an amended version of the tool, with support from CAADA. Relate, CAFCASS and Respect organisations all piloted the tool. Details: London: Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS), 2008. 28p Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2012 at: http://www.cafcass.gov.uk/PDF/7195_Review%20of%20the%20risk%20id%20tool%20pilot%2018th%20August%2008%20FOR%20PUBLICATION.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cafcass.gov.uk/PDF/7195_Review%20of%20the%20risk%20id%20tool%20pilot%2018th%20August%2008%20FOR%20PUBLICATION.pdf Shelf Number: 126669 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Risk Assessment Violence Against Women

Author: Bennington, Jude Title: Scoping Study on Violence Against Women. Report for the BIG Lottery Fund Summary: This Report presents findings from a scoping study on violence against women commissioned to help inform the BIG Lottery Fund of potential areas of intervention. The research was commissioned by the BIG Lottery Fund in March 2012 and was conducted by a team of researchers from the Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research (CRESR) at Sheffield Hallam University. The scoping study was conducted in spring 2012 and involved two key research tasks: a literature review of existing evidence; and interviews with key stakeholders engaged in the provision of services aimed at combating violence against women. The study sought to identify evidence on the following broad issues:  domestic violence linked to sporting events  violence among girls and young women involved in gang-related activities  domestic violence in pregnancy. This report should be seen as a synopsis which aims to identify and examine some of the key issues rather than provide an in-depth and comprehensive review of all that has been researched and written about violence against women. Details: Sheffield, UK: Center for Regional Economic and Social Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2012 at: http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/er_violence_against_women.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/er_violence_against_women.pdf Shelf Number: 126677 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gang Violence Pregnant Women Sporting Events Violence Against Women and Girls (U.K.)

Author: Kingi, Venezia Title: Police Safety Orders Formative Evaluation. Summary Report Summary: On 1 July 2010 Police Safety Orders (PSOs) were introduced as an additional option for police officers when dealing with family violence incidents. This formative evaluation has provided encouraging preliminary findings on the implementation of this initiative. Overall, PSOs have been well received by both police and the community and are generally being executed as intended, strengthening the range of responses available to police when dealing with family violence incidents. However, some barriers to their effective implementation were noted and, accordingly, there are a few areas where improvement can be made to enhance the efficacy of this tool. Adequacy of resources, training and processes Survey respondents and police interviewees reported high levels of participation in PSO-related training that they perceived had prepared them well to issue and serve PSOs. Both forms of training were found useful (Te Puna E-learning and classroombased), but officers favoured the classroom-based style training. Police made a number of suggestions for improvements around learning processes that included refresher training for both police and court staff. There was a range of PSO-related information available to frontline officers that included the Family Violence Policy and Procedures Manual which was rated highly by officers. However, most frontline officers stated that they relied heavily on their commanding officers and the Family Violence Co-ordinator for support and information. Frontline officers had, in general, found the new processes associated with issuing and serving a PSO to be efficient. Participating support agencies rated Police Officers’ knowledge of PSOs highly. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Police, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2012 at: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/police-safety-orders-formative-evaluation-2011.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/resources/evaluation/police-safety-orders-formative-evaluation-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 126751 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Police Response Police Training

Author: Cussen, Tracy Title: ACT Family Violence Intervention Program Review Summary: This Technical and Background Paper reports on an AIC review of the Australian Capital Territory’s Family Violence Intervention Program (FVIP). The FVIP provides an interagency response to family violence matters that have come to the attention of police and then proceeded to prosecution. The scope of the review was to analyse the program’s activities and outcomes using 2007–08 data provided by participating agencies, supported by in-depth interviews with key stakeholders including victims whose matters had been finalised in court. After the completion of this report, additional data from 2008–09 and 2009–10 was made available by some FVIP participating agencies. Although not within the scope of this evaluation, these data pointed to some preliminary improvements in the FVIP. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2012. 166p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical and Background Paper 52: Accessed October 24, 2012 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tbp/41-60/tbp052.aspx Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tbp/41-60/tbp052.aspx Shelf Number: 126795 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Great Britain. Crown Prosecution Service Title: Violence against Women and Girls Crime Report: 2011-2012 Summary: This CPS Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) Crime Report is the fifth edition published by the CPS. As in previous years, it covers a range of VAWG strands: • domestic violence • rape and sexual offences • human trafficking, with a focus on trafficking for sexual exploitation • prostitution, • forced marriage, honour based violence and female genital mutilation • child abuse • pornography. The report provides data and commentary in separate sections on each of the VAWG strands, including a number of case studies and good practice. Key issues that were identified in 2011-12 have been highlighted within each section and may differ according to strands. The CPS collects data14 to assist in the effective management of its prosecution functions. The CPS does not collect data which constitutes official statistics as defined in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 200715. Equality profiles of defendants, by gender and ethnicity, are assessed and reported on in this report. Data on victims are reported where available and are still under further development. Details: London: Crown Prosecution Services, 2012. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2012 at: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 126876 Keywords: Child Abuse Domestic Violence Honor-Based Violence Human Trafficking Pornography Prosecution Prostitution Rape Sexual Violence Violence Against Women and Girls (U.K.)

Author: Nicholas, Roger Title: Breaking the Silence: Addressing Family and Domestic Violence Problems in Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Practice in Australia Summary: This literature review examines the relationships between alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and “family and domestic violence” (FDV) in the context of AOD treatment settings. It focuses on strategies that may be developed to enhance the responses of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment providers to FDV issues affecting clients and their children. Details: Adelaide, South Australia: National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction (NCETA), Flinders University, 2012. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 24, 2012 at: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/6513/5285/7437/EN469_Nicholas_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/6513/5285/7437/EN469_Nicholas_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 126989 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Treatment Programs Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Drug Abuse and Addiction Drug Treatment Family Violence (Australia)

Author: Johnson, Wendi L. Title: The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Young Adulthood Summary: Using longitudinal survey data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), and growth curve analyses, we assessed the influence of intimate partner violence on trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to early adulthood (N = 1, 286) while controlling for time stable (age, gender, race/ethnicity) and time-varying correlates associated with both IPV and depressive symptoms. Results show that IPV exerts a positive effect on depressive symptoms over time after controlling for potential confounding factors. While prior work has theorized that certain populations may be at increased psychological vulnerability from IPV, our results indicate that the influence of IPV on depressive symptoms is similar irrespective of age, gender or minority status. While prior studies have documented that adolescent girls, and women are at increased risk of physical injury due to IPV, our study highlights that with respect to one aspect of psychological well-being (depressive symptoms), IPV exerts similar effects across gender. Details: Bowling Green State University The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2012. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: 2012 Working Paper Series: Accessed November 28, 2012 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2012-040/PWP-BGSU-2012-040.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2012-040/PWP-BGSU-2012-040.pdf Shelf Number: 127026 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence (U.S.) Mental Depression Mental Health Violence Against Women

Author: Pieterse, Duncan Title: Exposure to Violence and Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Cape Town, South Africa Summary: We explore the relationship between exposure to violence during childhood perpetrated by adults inside the home and educational outcomes in the context of higher than average rates of violence in Cape Town, South Africa and the disproportionate exposure to violence of young South Africans (black and coloured youth in particular). We match official police murder statistics at the neighbourhood level to the Cape Area Panel Study to provide a unique descriptive analysis of violence in Cape Town and we determine the extent of selection bias using matching techniques. Using three measures of educational outcomes (numeracy and literacy test scores, dropout and high school exam results), we: (i) estimate kernel density functions of continuous educational outcomes measures by race and exposure to violence during childhood; (ii) remove constant differences in unobserved family and neighbourhood background that may bias the results by using sibling and neighbourhood fixed effect models; (iii) check the robustness of our sibling fixed effect regressions by including birth order effects. In the neighbourhood fixed effect regressions, the measures of exposure to violence are significant and have a large negative effect on educational outcomes (with the exception of literacy scores). In the sibling fixed effect regressions, the effect remains for two of the four measures of exposure to violence during childhood. The measure of exposure to emotional violence during childhood is least affected by selection bias and the only measure robust to the inclusion of birth order effects. Details: Rondebosch, South Africa: Centre for Social Science Research, 2012. 68p. Source: Centre for Social Science Research Working Paper No. 306: Internet Resource: Accessed December 21, 2012 at http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/sites/cssr.uct.ac.za/files/pubs/WP306.pdf Year: 2012 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.cssr.uct.ac.za/sites/cssr.uct.ac.za/files/pubs/WP306.pdf Shelf Number: 127255 Keywords: Children's Exposure to Violence (South Africa) Domestic Violence Educational Performance (South Africa) Exposure to Violence (South Africa) Family Violence

Author: World Health Organization Title: Violence Prevention: The Evidence Summary: As noted in the World report on violence and health, violence has always been part of the human experience. Today, violence results in more than 1.5 million people being killed each year, and many more suffer non-fatal injuries and chronic, noninjury health consequences as a result of suicide attempts, interpersonal violence (youth violence, intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, elder abuse and sexual violence) and collective violence (war and other forms of armed conflict). Overall, violence is among the leading causes of death worldwide for people aged 15–44 years. “Despite the fact that violence has always been present, the world does not have to accept it as an inevitable part of the human condition. As long as there has been violence, there have also been systems – religious, philosophical, legal and communal – that have grown up to prevent or limit it. None has been completely successful, but all have made their contribution to this defining mark of civilization. Since the early 1980s, the field of public health has been a growing asset in this response. A wide range of public health practitioners, researchers and systems have set themselves the tasks of understanding the roots of violence and preventing its occurrence”. Their experience and the scientific studies they have conducted clearly demonstrate that violence can be prevented and its impact reduced, in the same way that public health efforts have prevented and reduced pregnancy-related complications, workplace injuries, infectious diseases and illness resulting from contaminated food and water in many parts of the world. The factors that contribute to violent responses – whether they are factors of attitude and behaviour or related to larger social, economic, political and cultural conditions – can be changed. Violence can be prevented. This is not an article of faith, but a statement based on evidence. Violence prevention: the evidence is a set of seven briefings based on rigorous reviews of the literature which examines scientific evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent interpersonal and selfdirected violence. Each briefing focuses on a broad strategy for preventing violence, and under that umbrella reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of specific interventions. The violence prevention strategies covered in the seven briefings are: 1. Developing safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and their parents and caregivers; 2. Developing life skills in children and adolescents; 3. Reducing the availability and harmful use of alcohol; 4. Reducing access to guns, knives and pesticides; 5. Promoting gender equality to prevent violence against women; 6. Changing cultural and social norms that support violence; 7. Victim identification, care and support programmes. This document summarizes the headline findings from each of the seven briefings and spotlights the specific interventions within each strategy that have the strongest evidence for preventing violence. Details: Geneva, SWIT: World Health Organization, 2010. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 24, 2013 at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/4th_milestones_meeting/evidence_briefings_all.pdf Year: 2010 Country: International URL: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/4th_milestones_meeting/evidence_briefings_all.pdf Shelf Number: 127374 Keywords: Aggression Domestic Violence Interpersonal Violence Violence (International) Violence Prevention Violent Crimes

Author: Warnken, Heather Title: Violence Against Women Needs Assessment Program Summary: Under California law, victims and witnesses of crime are granted certain statutory and constitutional rights, including that they be treated with dignity and respect. In 1982, California established itself as a national leader in the rights of crime victims in passing the Victim’s Bill of Rights. As a key component of these protections, Victim/Witness Assistance Centers (VWACs) arose in 1983 in an effort by the Legislature to reduce the trauma and insensitive treatment that victims and witnesses experienced in the criminal justice system. Today, state and federally funded VWACs operate in each of the 58 counties and in the City of Los Angeles and play a vital role in California’s criminal justice system. Despite the large numbers VWACs, however, very little research has been done to date on the work of California’s VWACs or of government provided victim/witness advocates in general. In particular, very little has been done on their work with one of the most vulnerable populations of crime victims: women victims of violence. Reports about government-based and community-provided Violence Against Women (VAW) victim services tend to fall into two general categories: reports that describe government provided services to all crime victims, with VAW victims as just one category of victim; and reports that focus on combating VAW with services mentioned only as one step to be taken by government. The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) funded a needs-assessment study of VWACs to be carried out by the California Crime Victims Assistance Association (CCVAA), in partnership with the California District Attorneys Association (CDAA). As part of this assessment, in 2011, the Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy, at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, conducted a two-part survey including follow-up interviews with all 59 of the VWACs. The following questions formed the basis to this assessment: 1. Numbers of VAW victims served by VWACs for the past three to five years; 2. Demographics of VAW victims served by VWACs; 3. Types and numbers of services provided to VAW victims by VWACs; 4. Identification of VWAC prevention-related services provided to VAW victims; 5. Marsy’s Rights information and procedures provided to VAW victims; 6. Collaborations and referrals between VWACs and rape crisis centers and women shelters; 7. Descriptions of “best practices” with VAW victims used by VWACs; 8. Description of the current organizational capacity of the CCVAA (representing the statewide network of VWACs) to adequately meet the gaps in service needs of VAW victims served by VWAC; 9. Identification of other resources (potential funding sources) that would be necessary to build the capacity of the CCVAA to meet the needs of VAW victims served by VWAC. This report, based on the Warren Institute’s data collection, is the first comprehensive study ever done in California of the work and services that VWACs provide to women victims of violence. It represents VWACs’ perceptions of the importance of their work with VAW victims, the gaps in this work, and their needs for further expanding their services to victims of VAW crimes. It addresses all questions above for which VWACs had data. With these findings, Cal EMA, CCVAA, allied victim service organizations, and policy makers will be better equipped to make informed decisions regarding VWAC program development, resource allocation, advocate training, and organizational capacity-building benefitting VAW victims. Details: Berkeley, CA: California Crime Victims Association; California District Attorneys Association; University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy, 2012. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 24, 2013 at: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/bccj/VAW_Study-FINAL.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/bccj/VAW_Study-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 127381 Keywords: Abused Wives Crime Victims Domestic Violence Victim Services Victims of Domestic Violence Violence Against Women (California) Witnesses

Author: Bott, Sarah Title: Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Comparative Analysis of Population-Based Data from 12 Countries Summary: Violence against women is a human rights violation with important public health ramifications. Evidence from across the globe documents that such violence is widespread and that women and girls bear the overwhelming burden of violence by intimate partners and sexual violence by any perpetrator. The consequences of such violence can be long-lasting and extensive, making violence against women an important cause of morbidity and in some cases death. Studies suggest that violence against women has negative health consequences that include physical injury, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections (including HIV/AIDS), maternal mortality, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicide, among others. When the cumulative impacts on morbidity and mortality are assessed, the health burden of violence against women is often higher than that of more frequently recognized public health priorities. In Mexico City, for example, rape and intimate partner violence against women was estimated to be the third most important cause of morbidity and mortality for women, accounting for 5.6% of all disability-adjusted life years lost in the years 1994-1995.1 As a result of a growing body of global evidence, the international community has begun to give violence against women a greater priority in the public health agenda and to recognize that efforts to improve women’s health and well-being will be limited unless they take into account the magnitude and consequences of such violence for women’s lives. Violence against women also poses intergenerational consequences: when women experience violence, their children suffer. Growing evidence suggests that when children witness or suffer violence directly, they may be at increased risk of becoming aggressors or victims in adulthood. Furthermore, violence against women and violence against children often co-occur in the same households. Therefore, initiatives to address violence against women must also consider how to prevent and respond to violence against children and vice-versa. In addition to the human costs, research shows that violence against women drains health and justice sector budgets with expenditures for treating survivors and prosecuting perpetrators. Costs also result from productivity losses and absenteeism. Studies from the Inter-American Development Bank estimated that the impact of domestic violence on gross domestic product from women’s lower earnings alone was between 1.6% in Nicaragua and 2.0% in Chile.2 Responding to violence against women requires a multi-sectoral and coordinated effort that spans multiple disciplines, including the health sector, law enforcement, the judiciary, and social protection services, among others. The health sector’s role includes improving primary prevention of violence as well as the ability of health services to identify survivors of abuse early and provide women with compassionate and appropriate care. The health sector must also contribute to improving the evidence base regarding the nature of violence against women, including the magnitude, consequences, and risk and protective factors. Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries is the first report to present a comparative analysis of nationally representative data on violence against women from a large number of countries in the Region. It is the sincere hope of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) that this report will contribute to increasing knowledge about violence against women in the Region and, more importantly, that it will motivate policy makers and programmers to grant this issue the political attention that it deserves by designing and implementing evidence-based initiatives and policies that can contribute to eliminating violence against women. Details: Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012. 186p. Source: Internet Resoruce: Accessed January 29, 2013 at: http://www2.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/violence-against-women-lac.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Central America URL: http://www2.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/violence-against-women-lac.pdf Shelf Number: 127420 Keywords: Domestic Violence Human Rights Abuses Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Latin America, Caribbean)

Author: Aguero, Jorge M. Title: Causal Estimates of the Intangible Costs of Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean Summary: Violence has a striking gender pattern. Men are more likely to be attacked by a stranger while women experience violence mostly from their partners. This paper estimates the costs of violence against women in terms of intangible outcomes, such as women’s reproductive health, labor supply, and the welfare of their children. Our study uses a sample of nearly 83,000 women in seven countries covering economies from all income groups and from all sub regions in Latin American and the Caribbean. Our sample, representing 26.3 million women between the ages of 15 and 49, strengthens the external validity of our results. Our results show that physical violence against women has a strong association with their marital status by increasing the divorce or separation rate and that that this violence is negatively linked with women’s health. We find that domestic violence also creates a negative externality by affecting key (short-term) health outcomes of children whose mothers suffered from violence. For these child health outcomes we use a natural experiment in Peru to show that these effects appear to be causal. Finally, we present suggestive evidence indicating the women’s education and age act as buffers of the negative effect of violence against women on the health outcomes of their children. Details: Unpublished Paper, 2013. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 4, 2013 at: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=37413828 Year: 2013 Country: Central America URL: http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=37413828 Shelf Number: 127471 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women (Latin America, Caribbean)

Author: Sinha, Maire, ed. Title: Measuring Violence Against Women: Statistical trends Summary: For the past three decades, Federal-Provincial-Territorial (FPT) Ministers responsible for the Status of Women have shared a common vision to end violence against women in all its forms. Violence against women in Canada is a serious, pervasive problem that crosses every social boundary and affects communities across the country. It remains a significant barrier to women's equality and has devastating impacts on the lives of women, children, families and Canadian society as a whole. This report marks the third time that the FPT Status of Women Forum has worked with Statistics Canada to add to the body of evidence on gender-based violence. Assessing Violence Against Women: A Statistical Profile was released in 2002 and was followed by Measuring Violence Against Women: Statistical Trends 2006. The 2006 report expanded the analysis into new areas, presenting information on Aboriginal women and women living in Canada's territories. The current report maintains this important focus and also includes information on dating violence, violence against girls and violence that occurs outside of the intimate partner/family context. It also shows trends over time and provides data at national, provincial/territorial, and census metropolitan area levels. A study on the economic impacts of one form of violence against women, spousal violence, is also presented. We acknowledge that there is more to learn to provide a complete picture of violence against women and girls. For example, there are new and emerging issues such as cyber-violence and areas where data gaps continue to exist, such as trafficking in persons, as well as an increasing emphasis on building evidence about promising prevention and intervention practices. Ongoing research and analysis will further our understanding of the complex, gendered dimensions of violence in all its forms and how women's experiences of violence intersect with other aspects of their lives. This report was designed to reach a wide audience. It is intended to support policy and program development and decision making for governments, non-governmental organizations, service providers, academics, researchers and all others working to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. We are confident that as this body of knowledge continues to advance, it will promote prevention efforts and enhance responses to women and girls who experience violence in our communities. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2013. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Juristat Article: Accessed March 1, 2013 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11766-eng.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11766-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 127741 Keywords: Dating Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Rape Violence Against Women (Canada)

Author: Wendt, Sarah Title: Evaluation of the Sturt Street Family Violence Partnership Program Summary: The Sturt Street Supported Tenancy Accommodation Project (referred to hereafter as the Sturt Street Project) was set up to provide transitional accommodation (3-6 months) for Aboriginal women and children (up to 6 women/family groups at a time) experiencing family violence and/or homelessness, offering an intensive support service on-site, with an extended outreach service post-transition (up to 12 months). One of the conditions of funding was that the Project be evaluated within its funded lifespan, which has been extended to 30 June 2010. The Aims of the Evaluation: Examine client profile and service activity to determine numbers assisted and characteristics of the client group; Investigate service outcomes for women and families post-transition from the program; Explore perceptions of service from the clients' perspectives; Determine both facilitators and barriers to success of the project; Explore service effectiveness perceived by other stakeholders; and Recommend opportunities for improvement if needed. Details: Adelaide: University of South Australia, Flinders University, 2010. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2013 at: http://www.dcsi.sa.gov.au/pub/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=qTN2eK-DgqI%3D&tabid=607 Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dcsi.sa.gov.au/pub/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=qTN2eK-DgqI%3D&tabid=607 Shelf Number: 128004 Keywords: Aboriginal Women Abused Wives Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Indigenous Women Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Slabber, Marilize Title: Community-based Domestic Violence Interventions A Literature Review – 2012 Summary: This literature and research review looked at the status of domestic violence interventions in Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, United States and New Zealand. The domestic violence field is dominated by two approaches. The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project Programme (DAIP or the Duluth Programme) is based on a feminist psycho-educational model. An analysis of violence from this perspective suggests it is a result of socio-political forces that are influenced by patriarchal philosophy. Programmes focus on teaching clients about power and control elements that cause domestic violence. Clients also learn about engaging in their relationships or developing relationships on the basis of respect, equality and non violence. Cognitive behavioural approaches, on the other hand, assume that domestic violence is a learned behaviour that can be replaced with nonviolent behaviours. They include cognitive, emotional, behavioural analyses and skills training techniques. It is often difficult to make clear distinctions between the two models as many programmes combine elements of both. Programmes in key jurisdictions vary across and/or within countries. Canada and the United Kingdom generally adhere to the Risk-Needs- Responsivity (RNR) model but community programmes in the United Kingdom may also be based on the Duluth model. In the United States, programme standards and processes vary across states; programmes appear to be based largely on pro feminist or blended models approach to domestic violence also varies across states and programmes appear to be Duluth-based. Some regions have developed culturally suitable programmes. The New Zealand Department of Corrections does not have specialised prison programmes for domestically violent offenders. Male domestic violence offenders are referred to prison-based general offending programmes (i.e. Special Treatment Units or Medium Intensity Programmes) based on individual risk and needs assessment. Community-based domestic violence programmes are contracted in from Ministry of Justice-accredited private providers. These programmes are mostly Duluth-based and psycho-educational, with cognitive behavioural elements. They also need to be culturally responsive. Both high risk and moderate risk offenders and mandated and non- mandated domestically violent offenders are eligible to attend community programmes. There have been few evaluation studies of domestic violence programmes. Assessments of Duluth-type and cognitive behavioural programmes or a combination of the two show few or no significant differences in effectiveness between programme types. At best programmes appear to have a weak positive impact on recidivism rates. Overall, the research provides more information on what does not work rather than on effective ways to stop family violence. Findings from research on other interventions with general offenders suggest that the most effective interventions are consistent with the principles of risk, needs and responsivity. These principles are principles are also relevant to domestically violent offenders. Treatment effectiveness is enhanced when programmes maintain treatment integrity. Some groups of domestic violence offenders may have additional needs and/or responsivity issues such as difficulties with motivation, serious mental illness, personality disorders and substance abuse. The review noted the weak positive impact on recidivism rates of domestic violence offenders within a risk, needs and responsivity framework. Details: Wellington, NZ: Psychological Services, Department of Corrections, 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 18, 2013 at: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/649042/COR_Community_Based_Domestic_Violence_Interventions_WEB_2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.corrections.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/649042/COR_Community_Based_Domestic_Violence_Interventions_WEB_2.pdf Shelf Number: 128006 Keywords: Community-Based Treatment Programs Domestic Violence Family Violence Interventions Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Fox, Claire L. Title: From Boys to Men: Phase One Key Findings Summary: The research found evidence of young people experiencing domestic violence both within relationships and at home. Young people had been victims, witnesses and perpetrators of violent or controlling behaviours. Those who experienced abusive behaviour, either as a victim or witness reported a reluctance to report such experiences to an adult or figure of authority. Boys were more likely than girls to think it was ok for a man/woman to hit his/her partner. 34% of young people reported witnessing abuse involving an adult who looks after them. Girls reported witnessing more abuse than boys. 27% of young people witnessed emotional abuse or controlling behaviour. 19% of young people witnessed physical violence. 45% of young people reported having experienced at least one of the types of domestic abuse listed in the questionnaire. 38% reported experiencing emotional abuse and controlling behaviours. 17% had experienced physical abuse. 14% had experienced sexual coercion. Half of those who had been victimised had also been abusive. Girls reported more sexual victimisation than boys. Details: London: From Boys to Men Project, 2012? 10p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 22, 2013 at: www.boystomenproject.com Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 128079 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Family Violence

Author: McCleary-Sills, Jennifer Title: Help-Seeking Pathways and Barriers for Survivors of Gender-based Violence in Tanzania - Results from a Study in Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, and Iringa Regions Summary: Over the last few decades, gender-based violence has gained international recognition as a grave social and human rights concern. In Tanzania, gender-based violence is widespread; the most recent Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey found that 44% of ever-married women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime. ICRW and the University of Dar es Salaam's Department of Sociology and Anthropology, in partnership with EngenderHealth, conducted a qualitative study in three target regions of the country: Dar es Salaam, Iringa, and Mbeya. This report documents community perceptions and attitudes about gender-based violence, identifies the range of informal and formal services currently available to survivors, highlights gaps in service provision, and provides recommendations for improving existing services. The findings are based on 104 key informant interviews conducted with a wide array of stakeholders, service providers, and duty bearers at the national, district, and ward levels, as well as participatory focus group discussions with 96 male and female community members. The research and recommendations currently are informing the overall design of a multi-sectoral intervention to scale up the response to gender-based violence in Tanzania under the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS (PEPFAR). Details: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: EngenderHealth/CHAMPION, 2013. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 25, 2013 at: http://reliefweb.int/report/united-republic-tanzania/help-seeking-pathways-and-barriers-survivors-gender-based-violence Year: 2013 Country: Tanzania URL: http://reliefweb.int/report/united-republic-tanzania/help-seeking-pathways-and-barriers-survivors-gender-based-violence Shelf Number: 128128 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Based Violence (Tanzania) Rape Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Muthegheki, Saad Baluku Title: An Exploratory Study of Bride Price and Domestic Violence in Bundibugyo District, Uganda Summary: This report presents findings of an exploratory research study on the links between the practice of bride price and gender based violence in Bundibugyo, Western Uganda, the first of its kind in this part of the country. It was designed as a response to the growing interest in bride price and to provide information to assist in the mitigation of the negative impacts of this traditional practice. Bride price is used to validate customary marriages and is very common in many African countries. Typically, bride price consist of a contract between families where material items (often cattle or other animals) or money are paid by the groom to the bride’s family in exchange for the bride and invariably her labor and her capacity to produce children. Although much anecdotal evidence exists about the traditional practice of bride price as practiced in most Ugandan communities, there has been very little research to provide details on how this practice impacts on people’s lives. Such data would be valuable in informing the public, government, policy makers, duty bearers and other institutions that are working on the issue both in Uganda and Africa as a whole. The study was part of a gender based violence research development initiative across East and Central Africa. Centre for Human Rights Advancement (CEHURA) a community based organization (CBO) and human rights agency working on sexual and gender based violence conducted the study, with technical support from the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW), Liverpool VCT Care and Treatment in Kenya and the Gender and Health Research Unit of the South African Medical Research Council. The exploratory study focused on gaining insights into the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to bride price as well as its relationship with domestic violence in Bundibugyo district in Western Uganda. The research team conducted 12 focus group discussions (145 participants), 12 key informant interviews with community leaders and 9 semi-structured in-depth interviews with men and women in the communities. The study found bride price is a very strongly rooted cultural practice with all participants largely supportive of its existence. However commercialization has changed the practice over time and its essential meaning has been eroded creating obstacles in current times. The study showed the struggle many young men have in trying to meet the demands of this practice- particularly poor young men who could not pay bride price and tried to find alternative ways to meet societal demands. Although some participants viewed bride price as a form of protection for women within marriages by providing them respect, status and acknowledgement within society, the process and payment also prescribed their roles in the marriages and ensured women’s subordination to husbands which invariable condoned the abuse of wives. On the other hand men could lose status and respect if they were not able to pay bride price. The study has pointed to the need to engage with communities and the state on how to mitigate the negative impacts of bride price on these communities. Details: Bundibugyo: Centre for Humjan Rights Advancement; Cape Town, South Africa: South African Medical Research Council, Gender and Health Research Unit, 2012. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2013 at: http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/Bridepricedomesticviolence.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Uganda URL: http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/Bridepricedomesticviolence.pdf Shelf Number: 128215 Keywords: Bride Price (Uganda) Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Franklin, Cortney A. Title: Differences in Education/Employment Status and Intimate Partner Victimization Summary: Research has estimated that approximately one out of four women will experience abuse by an intimate partner. There has been considerable effort directed toward understanding the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Franklin & Kercher, 2012; Franklin, Menaker, & Kercher, 2012). One approach to clarify why men perpetrate IPV has focused on power structures of male dominance and female submission that are maintained in society and reinforced in relationships. For example, in looking at persons with authority in various professional and industry positions, the leaders are typically male. These are the individuals with decision-making power who are responsible for delegating tasks and managing people. Support staff, including secretaries and assistants, are often female. Their job duties require them to submit to male leaders and support the achievements of male authority. The gendered division of employment happens, in part, through an individual’s access to resources, including their occupational and educational status and income-earning potential. These structures are replicated in the family and in marital, intimate, and courtship relationships (Johnson, 2005). Such a model suggests that familial control and decision- making power are associated with a family member’s ability to accrue resources of value. In the family context, inconsistencies in status or power (e.g., educational achievement, income earned, employment status) can produce feelings of stress and inadequacy among those who lack these resources (Lenton, 1995). Couples involved in “status-reversal relationships,” where women hold higher status than their male partners, may experience barriers to healthy interaction. Status-reversal relationships may generate feelings of stress, inadequacy, and fear among men (Lenton, 1995; Yick, 2001). In order to neutralize these feelings, men may rely on the use of physical strength and violence to dominate women (Hotaling & Sugarman, 1986; McCloskey, 1996; Teichman & Teichman, 1989). Recent empirical research has supported these claims (Atkinson, Greenstein, & Lang,, 2005). This research brief presents a summary of 􀏐indings produced from a recent study that will soon be published in the journal Violence Against Women. The study tested the relationship between education and employment status differences in couples and experiences of Intimate Partner Violence victimization among 303 female Texas residents involved in heterosexual relationships. Details: Huntsville, TX: Crime Victims' Institute, Sam Houston State University, Criminal Justice Center, 2012. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 5, 2013 at: http://dev.cjcenter.org/_files/cvi/Status%20Inconsistencyappr.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://dev.cjcenter.org/_files/cvi/Status%20Inconsistencyappr.pdf Shelf Number: 128281 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence (Texas) Socioeconomic Status

Author: Denman, Kristine Title: Evaluation of Dlo’ayazhi Project Safe Neighborhoods Summary: Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) is a nationwide crime reduction initiative sponsored by the Department of Justice (DOJ). It has been in operation for over a decade. It began with a focus on firearm crimes, and in 2006, expanded to include gang crimes. This initiative is typically implemented in urban areas; however, in 2008 the DOJ invited the Navajo Nation Department of Public Safety to apply for the program. The successful application outlined a plan for implementing PSN in and around the Crownpoint area of the Navajo Nation. In 2011, DOJ provided supplemental funding to continue PSN efforts in Crownpoint and expand into the Shiprock area, which is in the northwestern part of New Mexico. This report summarizes a process evaluation of these expansion efforts, as well as ongoing PSN efforts in the Crownpoint area. There are three primary principles that guide the PSN model: it is meant to be community based, coordinated and comprehensive. PSN is designed to be centered on the community in which it is being implemented, recognizing and reacting to community needs and the local resources available to address those needs (http://www.psn.gov/about/index.html). For example, while PSN focuses on gun and gang crime, the Navajo Nation PSN program has been expanded to include a domestic violence component. This addition represents a Task Force response to concerns about domestic violence voiced by representatives of the Navajo Nation. Across the country, United States Attorney’s Offices (USAO) coordinate PSN efforts in their respective districts. The USAO designates a Task Force Coordinator whose charge is to convene a PSN Task Force that brings together representatives from law enforcement and prosecution at all jurisdictional levels (local, tribal, state and federal), as well as community leaders, research partners, and others. This Task Force then meets regularly to develop collaborative strategies to address PSN program goals. The Task Force meetings are a venue for planning, reporting on and refining PSN activities and initiatives. In addition to managing these efforts, the PSN Task Force Coordinator reports back to the Department of Justice regarding local PSN efforts. Finally, PSN is meant to be comprehensive. The Navajo Nation PSN focuses on intervention, prevention, and prosecution of gun crimes, gang related/motivated offenses, juvenile violence and domestic violence offenses occurring on the Navajo Nation. Intervention involves violence suppression through targeted law enforcement operations. Prevention includes educational programming, outreach and support services. For example, the educational component involves a program called Project Sentry which targets at-risk youth, and is designed to prevent their involvement in gun and gang crime. Other prevention efforts occur as well. Outreach includes family advocacy and support for domestic violence issues and related problems, such as substance abuse. Finally, prosecution of targeted crimes occurs at the tribal and federal levels. The Navajo Nation PSN program is unique among PSN programs. It is among the first to be implemented on tribal lands, and must address challenges that differ from those typically seen in urban areas. First, the geography of the area differs from that of a typical urban PSN site. It is a very large geographical area, with many undeveloped roads and many areas that are sparsely populated. Second, there are fewer law enforcement officers per square mile relative to that seen in an urban area. In addition, this PSN initiative must take into account tribal law, and be able to work with tribal government in addition to negotiating municipal, state and federal laws. Finally, there are cultural differences and sovereignty issues that PSN must be sensitive to and take into account when implementing the initiative. However, the area is also similar to other PSN sites in that the community leaders have identified violence and gangs as a problem. They note that these problems are associated with substance abuse and poverty issues, like other PSN locales. Further, there is concern that particular housing structures on the Navajo Nation have become crime magnets, similar to urban dwellings. The USAO for the District of New Mexico (USAO NM) requested evaluation services in support of the Navajo PSN initiative from the New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center at the University of New Mexico’s Institute for Social Research. The USAO NM outlined two primary evaluation goals. First, the USAO NM expressed particular interest in determining how well the Task Force was coordinating activities and forging connections between disparate groups. Second, they were interested in better understanding the challenges to PSN implementation on the Navajo Nation so that they could best meet these challenges. There are five questions guiding this evaluation: 1. What portions of PSN are being implemented? 2. How well are PSN Task Force partners coordinating activities to implement the program goals? 3. What are Task Force members’ perceptions of PSN’s impact and success? 4. What are the facilitators to PSN implementation in the target areas? 5. What are the barriers to PSN implementation in the target areas? The purpose of this evaluation, then, is to determine whether the initiative is being implemented in the way that it is intended, to understand the perceived success of the initiative, and to pinpoint facilitators and barriers to implementation, focusing especially on coordination of activities. The results are meant to be used to make decisions about whether and how to refine the program activities and to provide feedback to the funders regarding program compliance. Details: Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research; New Mexico Statistical Analysis Center, 2013. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 6, 2013 at: http://nmsac.unm.edu/psn-process-evaluation-final-report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://nmsac.unm.edu/psn-process-evaluation-final-report.pdf Shelf Number: 0 Keywords: Crime Prevention Programs Domestic Violence Gang Violence Gun Violence Navajo Nation Project Safe Neighborhoods (New Mexico, U.S.) Violent Crime Youth Violence

Author: Spinney, Angela Title: Home and Safe? Policy and practice innovations to prevent women and children who have experienced domestic and family violence from becoming homeless Summary: This report sets out the findings of a research project investigating the opportunities and challenges of preventing women and children who have experienced domestic and family violence from becoming homeless. The project responded to the AHURI Strategic Research Issue 1: Housing and related systems that prevent homelessness and promote wellbeing and stable housing outcomes, and the challenges outlined in the White Paper, The road home: a national approach to reducing homelessness (Commonwealth of Australia 2008). The White Paper highlights prevention and early intervention as the most efficient and effective ways to reduce homelessness, and they are also embodied within National Affordable Housing Agreement objectives. This is the second and Final Report from AHURI Research Project 50602– Homelessness prevention for women and children who have experienced domestic and family violence: innovations in policy and practice. The aim is to explore the value and implementation challenges of innovative staying at home homelessness prevention measures, such as Staying Home Leaving Violence schemes in Australia and Sanctuary Schemes in England. The two broad research questions are:  How and to what extent have innovative homelessness prevention measures introduced in Australia and England since the mid-1990s been successful in enabling women and children to remain in their homes and localities?  What are the implications of these findings for policy on housing and homelessness in Australia and for improvements to practice? Details: Melbourne: Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, 2012. 111p. Source: Internet Resource: AHURI Final Report No. 196: Accessed April 9, 2013 at: http://www.ahuri.edu.au/publications/ Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ahuri.edu.au/publications/ Shelf Number: 128324 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homelessness (Australia) Housing

Author: Levitt, Alison Title: Charging Perverting the Course of Justice and Wasting Police Time in Cases Involving Alledgedly False Rape and Domestic Violence Allegations Summary: The Crown Prosecution Service has come a long way in dealing with cases involving violence against women and girls (VAWG). In the last year (2011-12) we have seen the conviction rate rise to 73%, delivering the lowest attrition rates ever recorded. This report is the product of the first ever study, by the Crown Prosecution Service, of the number and nature of cases involving allegedly false allegations of rape or domestic violence, or both. This is in many ways a trailblazing report, the first time we have clear evidence about the prosecution of this important issue. The report outlines the key findings of that review and the steps that we plan to take in response. In recent years both the police and prosecutors have put a great deal of effort into improving the way we investigate and prosecute sexual offences. The results of the changes and improvements which have been made are encouraging. Our committed and specialist staff have prioritised performance in these important and difficult cases. We have bolstered training, policies and guidance for rape and domestic violence specialists. Closer working with the police and specialist services has helped to address the types of ingrained practices which can ignore, or even add to, the victimisation of women and girls. We are not complacent, however, and in particular, events over the last 12 months show that there is still more that we must do to improve. In recent years we have worked hard to dispel the damaging myths and stereotypes which are associated with these cases. One such misplaced belief is that false allegations of rape and domestic violence are rife. This report presents a more accurate picture. Details: London: Crown Prosecution Service, 2013. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 9, 2013 at: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/research/perverting_course_of_justice_march_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/research/perverting_course_of_justice_march_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 128332 Keywords: Domestic Violence False Allegations (U.K.) Prosecution Rape

Author: Tuladhar, Sabita Title: Women's Empowerment and Spousal Violence in Relation to Health Outcomes in Nepal Further Analysis of the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey Summary: Empowering women and addressing gender-based discrimination are key elements of the development agenda of the Nepal government and integral to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Spousal violence is one of the forms of gender-based violence prevalent in Nepal. The objective of this study is to understand women’s empowerment and spousal violence in relation to health outcomes of women and their children. The study analyzed data on 3,084 currently married women age 15-49 from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A composite Women’s Empowerment Index (WEI) was developed that included five variables: i) household decision-making, ii) ownership of land or house, iii) membership in community group, iv) proportion earning cash, and v) women’s education. The WEI classified women into three empowerment levels, whereby 17, 48, and 35 percent of married women were in high, moderate, and low empowerment levels, respectively. Variations in women’s empowerment were distinct by age, caste/ethnicity, and wealth quintile. The WEI is used to analyze spousal violence separately and jointly in relation to health outcomes. Twenty eight percent of women reported having experienced spousal physical and/or sexual violence at least once during their lifetime. In the bivariate analysis, women’s empowerment was inversely associated with greater odds of having experienced spousal violence. After controlling for age, wealth, caste/ethnicity, and ecological zone, however, women's empowerment was not significantly related to the odds of spousal violence. This finding may suggest the extent to which violence is a multi-faceted problem affected by a wide variety of contextual and situational factors. Utilization of four or more antenatal care visits, the recommended international standard, was significantly greater for highly empowered women, even after controlling for spousal violence and socio-demographic characteristics. Less empowered women and women who had experienced spousal violence were also more likely to have anemic children. Children of women who had experienced spousal violence had lower odds of being immunized, even after adjusting for related factors. These findings suggest that women’s empowerment and spousal violence appear to have important implications for the health of women and their children. It is recommended that a holistic approach to improving the health of women and children in Nepal incorporate multi-sectoral programming to promote women’s empowerment and reduce gender-based violence. Details: Calverton, Maryland, USA: Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International, 2013. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 12, 2013 at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FA77/FA77.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Nepal URL: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FA77/FA77.pdf Shelf Number: 128350 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Spouse Abuse (Nepal) Violence Against Women Women's Health

Author: Birdsey, Emma M. Title: Temporal Trends and Characteristics of Intimidation Summary: Aim: The current study has two aims. The first is to investigate whether there has been any change in the characteristics of intimidation in recent years that might inform which types of offences are becoming more common. The second aim is to investigate whether the characteristics of intimidation related to domestic violence (DV) have changed over time. Method: Characteristics of intimidation incidents across 2006-2011 were collated from the NSW Police database. Additional information was coded from 600 free-text event narratives for intimidation incidents across 3 years (2006, 2008, 2010). Analyses tested whether characteristics of intimidation incidents changed over this period. Analyses were carried out for intimidation and for intimidation related to DV separately. Results: Intimidation related to DV increased over time. Intimidation and intimidation related to DV involving injured victims also increased. In intimidation related to DV, male POIs decreased and female POIs increased, and male victims increased and female victims decreased over time. The relationship of unknown POI differed over time, however there was no change in other relationship types. The type of intimidation and the location did not change. Additionally, there was no change over time in intimidation and intimidation related to DV with a weapon, face to face contact, AVO issued/applied for, or prior AVO. Conclusion: Intimidation related to DV is driving the overall increase in intimidation observed in NSW over recent years. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2013. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue Paper no. 83: Accessed May 13, 2013 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB83.pdf/$file/BB83.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB83.pdf/$file/BB83.pdf Shelf Number: 128719 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Abuse Domestic Violence Harassment Intimidation (Australia) Stalking

Author: Dustin, Holly Title: Deeds or Words? Analysis of Westminster Government action to prevent violence against women and girls Summary: In order to analyse action by the Westminster Government to deliver on its priority objective to prevent Violence Against Women (VAWG) in the domestic context, we wrote to the Home Secretary on 7th August 2012 to inform her that we would be carrying out this work (Appendix A). We said that we would be reviewing the prevention initiatives, against the ten key areas of action set out in A Different World is Possible, within the strategy, accompanying action plans, and UK Government’s 7th Periodic State Report to the UN CEDAW Committee. We requested any other documents or further evidence of action held by the Home Office or any other Government Department so that we could consider this in our analysis. We received a response from the Home Office VAWG strategy team on 20th September 2012 (Appendix B). Although our request should have been dealt with under the Freedom of Information Act, we were disappointed that we did not receive any supporting documentation and that the response did not appear to comply with the Act. The analysis and scoring was carried out by members of the Prevention Network. The Network includes expertise from across all areas of VAWG including sexual and domestic violence, child sexual abuse, sexualisation and violence that disproportionately impacts on Black and Minority Ethnic women and girls such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), forced marriage and ‘honour’ based violence. It includes frontline service providers, academics, NGOs and campaign organisations so draws on a breadth of expertise and knowledge from across different sectors. The analysis considered the evidence/documentation we had against each of the ten areas for action set out in A Different World is Possible, with a scoring range of 0-10: giving each area a score out of ten. Where we knew that work was taking place to prevent VAWG but had no evidence, we have tried to include this, however, we relied primarily on the published documents and the information disclosed under the Freedom of Information request. We gave a score in each section, 0-3 where there was little evidence of work being carried out, 4-6 where there was some evidence, and 7-10 for strong evidence. The score was particularly low where there was evidence of regression in action to prevent VAWG. Details: London: End Violence Against Women Coalition, 2013. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 25, 2013 at: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/resources/57/Deeds-or-Words_Report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/resources/57/Deeds-or-Words_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 128832 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (U.K.)

Author: Knaggs, Trish Title: The Waitakere and Manukau Family Violence Courts: An evaluation summary Summary: Family Violence (FV) Courts in New Zealand are a judicial initiative, and incorporate some aspects of problem-solving courts. Therapeutic jurisprudence is also reflected in the Waitakere FV Court process. The Waitakere FV Court began in 2001. The Manukau FV Court was implemented in 2005 after long-standing collaboration with community organisations that had previously introduced fast-tracking and victim advocacy within the Henderson District Court. These courts aim to provide a more holistic response to family violence than that currently available in the conventional court setting. FV Courts also seek to provide a more timely response to family violence, enhance safety for victims and families experiencing family violence, and encourage accountability among offenders. The Waitakere FV Court has an additional aim to provide specialist services to victims, offenders and those involved in the operation of this court. This research indicates Waitakere and Manukau FV Courts are doing much to provide this type of response. Alongside a desire to process family violence matters swiftly, FV Courts seek to do everything possible to maintain the safety of victims and families. These courts also focus on encouraging offenders to attend programmes, not only because they are seen as an opportunity for offenders to accept they are accountable for their offending, but also because in the longer term the safety of victims will be enhanced. Operationalising and maintaining such an approach requires considerable commitment and the findings describe how this is being achieved at both courts. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2008. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2013 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/t/the-waitakere-and-manukau-family-violence-courts-an-evaluation-summary-august-2008/publication Year: 2008 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/t/the-waitakere-and-manukau-family-violence-courts-an-evaluation-summary-august-2008/publication Shelf Number: 129194 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Courts (New Zealand) Problem-Solving Courts

Author: Sinha, Maire Title: Family Violence in Canada: A Statistical Profile, 2011 Summary: Family violence accounted for 26% of all police-reported violent crime in 2011, a proportion similar to 2010. About half (49%) of the nearly 95,000 victims of family violence were in a current or previous spousal relationship with the accused, including both common-law and legally married partnerships. An additional 18% of victims were children of the accused, 13% were extended family members, 11% were siblings and 9% were parents, often in their senior years. Similar to overall police-reported crime trends, police-reported violence against family members appears to be declining, with decreases seen in both homicides and assaults. In 2011, the rate of family homicides per million was 47% lower than in 1981. More recently, rates of physical assault against family members have fallen by 6% since 2009 and sexual assault by 5%. The most frequent type of family violence offence reported to police in 2011 remained common assault, which includes pushing, slapping and punching, without serious physical injury. The next most frequently reported offence was major assault, which involves a weapon or results in bodily harm, followed by the offence of uttering threats. As in previous years, the majority of victims of family violence were females. They represented 80% of spousal victims, 63% of parents victimized, 58% of extended family members victimized, 57% of child victims and 57% of sibling victims. Details: Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2013. 95p. Source: Internet Resource: Juristat Article: Accessed July 3, 2013 at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11805-eng.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2013001/article/11805-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 129254 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Family Violence (Canada) Sexual Assault Spouse Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Measurement of Family Violence at a Population Level: What might be needed to develop reliable and valid family violence indicators? Summary: This Issues Paper reviews some of the available sources of data on family violence, assesses strengths and limitations of these data sources for measuring trends in family violence, and seeks to assist the reader to develop an understanding of the issues associated with family violence data collections. Government agencies, non-government organisations and researchers all require reliable measures of family violence to understand the magnitude of the problem, to appropriately target resources, and to identify strategies that are effective in reducing and ultimately eliminating family violence. In this paper we: • Draw attention to the data that is currently available in New Zealand; • Assess the strengths and weaknesses of this data in relation to monitoring trends in family violence at the population level; • Highlight opportunities for further development of existing datasets, drawing on the experiences of other developed countries; • Consider some of the implications for reporting family violence data at the national level; and • Suggest some future courses of action which could support the development of reliable and valid family violence indicators. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2012. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 2: Accessed July 10, 2013 at: http://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/Measurement-of-family-violence-at-a-population-level-June-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: New Zealand URL: http://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/Measurement-of-family-violence-at-a-population-level-June-2012.pdf Shelf Number: 129345 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Flood, Michael Title: LOVEBiTES: An evaluation of the LOVEBiTES and Respectful Relationships programs in a Sydney school Summary: This document reports on an evaluation of the impact among students of two violence prevention programs run by the National Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (NAPCAN). The evaluation centres on the LOVEBiTES program run among Year 10 students and a newly developed Respectful Relationships program run among Year 7 students. The evaluation was conducted among students who participated in these programs in a Sydney school in 2010. Students in Years 7 and 10 were surveyed before and after their participation in a thirteen- week program and a full-day workshop respectively, using a quantitative survey. This evaluation report was commissioned by NAPCAN and produced by researchers at the University of Wollongong. The "findings of this evaluation demonstrate a complex and even contradictory impact of the two programs on students. The LOVEBiTES and Respectful Relationships programs had a significant and positive impact on students’ attitudes towards domestic violence, attitudes towards gender relations, and skills in having respectful relationships. Students who participated in the two violence prevention programs showed significant improvements in their attitudes and skills in these areas. On the other hand, the programs had little or no impact on Year 7 or Year 10 students’ attitudes towards aggression and alternatives to aggression, no impact on Year 10 female students’ attitudes towards dating violence and a mixed impact on males’ attitudes, a mixed impact on Year 10 students’ perceptions of various abusive or coercive behaviours as violence, and a negative impact on Year 7 female students’ attitudes towards bullying. The unevenness of these findings suggests that LOVEBiTES (in Year 10) and the Respectful Relationships program (in Year 7) are more effective in changing students’ attitudes in some domains than in others. There are several possible reasons for this. Some of the domains of impact assessed in this evaluation may be marginal to or absent from the curriculum used with the students, whether in the one-day workshop or the 13-week program, and thus unlikely to show effects of the intervention. For example, if the curriculum is largely silent on aggression and its alternatives, then one would expect to see little or no impact from the curriculum on attitudes towards these. The findings suggest that the programs are more effective with some groups than others. For example, male students’ attitudes towards some forms of violence or abuse worsened over the course of the interventions, and Year 7 males’ attitudes towards gender relations showed no change. It may be that aspects of the curriculum are less effective at engaging with male than female students, or that males are more likely to respond than females in defensive or hostile ways to the particular teaching methods used. On the other hand, male students in the LOVEBiTES program showed significant improvements in their attitudes towards domestic violence (and female students also showed some degree of improvement). The evaluation findings may reject the general difficulties violence prevention programs face in engaging effectively with boys and young men and the fact that males enter such programs with more violence-supportive attitudes in general than females. This evaluation documents that in some instances it is males’ rather than females’ attitudes which improve and in others it is females’ rather than males’ attitudes which improve. For example, among Year 7 students in the Respectful Relationships program, females’ but not males’ attitudes towards gender relations improved over the course of the program. On the other hand, among Year 10 students in the LOVEBiTES program, this pattern was reversed, with males’ but not females’ attitudes improving. Still focusing on Year 10 students, males’ attitudes towards domestic violence improved to a greater degree than females’. Details: Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 2012. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 13, 2013 at: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/UW_Love-Bites-an-evaluation-of-the-LoveBites-and-respectful-relationships-program-in-a-Sydney-school_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/UW_Love-Bites-an-evaluation-of-the-LoveBites-and-respectful-relationships-program-in-a-Sydney-school_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 129384 Keywords: Dating Violence Domestic Violence School-Based Programs Violence Prevention Programs (Australia)

Author: Anderberg, Dan Title: Unemployment and Domestic Violence: Theory and Evidence Summary: Is unemployment the overwhelming determinant of domestic violence that many commentators expect it to be? The contribution of this paper is to examine, theoretically and empirically, how changes in unemployment affect the incidence of domestic abuse. The key theoretical prediction is that male and female unemployment have opposite-signed effects on domestic abuse: an increase in male unemployment decreases the incidence of intimate partner violence, while an increase in female unemployment increases domestic abuse. Combining data on intimate partner violence from the British Crime Survey with locally disaggregated labor market data from the UK’s Annual Population Survey, we find strong evidence in support of the theoretical prediction. Details: Munich: CESifo (Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, 2013. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: CESifo Working Paper no. 4315: Accessed July 17, 2013 at: http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/infoservice/News/2013/07/news-20130716-CESifo-wp-4315.html Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/infoservice/News/2013/07/news-20130716-CESifo-wp-4315.html Shelf Number: 129427 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Unemployment and Crime

Author: Rossiter, Katherine R. Title: Domestic Violence Prevention and Reduction in British Columbia (2000-2010) Summary: This report reviews domestic violence prevention and reduction initiatives in British Columbia (BC), from 2000-2010, and more recently. The review was undertaken to support the work of the Violence Reduction Circle, a collaborative group of researchers, policy makers, clinicians, and service providers, hosted by the Centre for the Prevention and Reduction of Violence at the Justice Institute of BC. The review begins with a description of the process, which involved a comprehensive scan of online sources and key informant interviews with academic and community-based researchers, policy makers, service providers, and advocates. The author then outlines the various terms used to describe domestic violence against women, and justifies the use of this term to reflect the language adopted in provincial policy without losing the gendered language of feminist scholars. The report goes on to present the latest statistical data on rates of domestic violence in Canada and British Columbia, before summarizing the health, social, and economic costs of domestic violence against women, and the effects on children who witness. The review defines three levels of prevention strategies (primary, secondary, and tertiary), which are conceived of as interdependent and mutually reinforcing strategies to prevent and reduce violence against women and to increase the safety of women and children. The body of the report reviews domestic violence prevention and reduction initiatives in BC over the past decade, including relevant legislation and policy, training initiatives for service providers across systems, and efforts to strengthen the community response to domestic violence, including public awareness campaigns. The author makes the point that key decisions pertaining to domestic violence legislation, policy, funding, and services are closely linked to changes in government and high-profile cases of domestic violence and domestic homicide that serve to open policy windows. A brief overview of government-, police-, and community-based victim services and programs for domestic violence perpetrators follows. The review then focuses on services and prevention initiatives designed to meet the needs of specific populations of victims, namely: Aboriginal women and girls; immigrant, refugee, and non-status women; women in rural and remote communities; persons within the LGBTTS community; and children and youth. Relevant national and international domestic violence prevention programs and initiatives are identified, and the case is made for primary prevention strategies that address the root causes of crime and promote strategic investments in children and families. Details: New Westminster, BC: The Centre for the Prevention and Reduction of Violence Office of Applied Research Justice Institute of British Columbia, 2011. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 22, 2013 at: http://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/research/pdf/Domestic-violence-prevention-reduction_REPORT.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/research/pdf/Domestic-violence-prevention-reduction_REPORT.pdf Shelf Number: 129486 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence (Canada) Violence Against Women

Author: Heib, Sandra N. Title: Police Officers as Perpetrators of Crimes Against Women and Children Summary: Crimes committed by police officers are a national problem. When an officer commits a crime, either on- or off-duty, it negatively impacts the public trust and legitimacy of the police. Police work has primarily been a male-dominated profession and has had its own distinct culture; both of which are conducive to violent behavior against women and children. There is little literature regarding misconduct and violence perpetrated by police officers; the police culture encourages behavior problems to be dealt with internally and away from the public eye. A sixty day review of the Cato Institute’s Police Misconduct Newsfeed was conducted and all crimes against women and children were extracted and reviewed. There were a total of ninety-one crimes against women and children; ninety committed by men and one committed by a woman. There were twenty-eight cases of domestic violence, sixty cases of sex related crimes, and ten cases of child abuse; some cases involved a combination of crimes. The results of the sixty day review raise serious concerns regarding what is not being reported by the police department and calls for further research regarding police misconduct and departmental policies regarding misconduct. Details: Dominguez Hills, A: California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2013? 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://justicewomen.com/wjc-project-final.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://justicewomen.com/wjc-project-final.pdf Shelf Number: 129513 Keywords: Child Abuse Domestic Violence Police Misconduct (U.S.) Rape Sex Crimes Violence Against Women

Author: Gerome, Rebecca Title: Women, Gender and Gun Violence in the Middle East Summary: This report presents the main findings of an assessment conducted in Lebanon, Jordan and Occupied Palestinian Territory from January to May 2011 by providing a situation overview, challenges and entry points for action in each country and presenting recommendations for future interventions. Although the impact of gun violence on women in the region has remained largely invisible, the proliferation of small arms has prevented women from exercising some of their most basic rights. Direct and indirect impacts of small arms on women in the Middle East include armed domestic violence and “crimes committed in the name of honour”, as well as long term social, economic and psychological effects of revenge killings between male family members, tribal vendettas and celebratory shootings resulting in death and serious injury. Women who have been injured are considered an added burden on the family, and in some cases they are marginalised and rejected by their family. When a woman loses her husband to gun violence, she must struggle to provide for family members. Women’s groups have already been working hard on violence against women, but what challenges have prevented women’s groups from engaging with the issue of small arms? Small arms control and disarmament is a sensitive, sometimes taboo, issue that is difficult to address without seeming to take sides politically. Currently there is no consolidated data on either firearm use or violence against women, making the problem hard to assess. Varying notions of crime and punishment throughout the region complicate the issue. Private justice is often considered legitimate, especially where institutions are weak, and such incidents are not always officially reported. Laws to protect women’s rights are either not sufficiently developed or not sufficiently implemented. Laws still exist to pardon and give reduced penalties for “crimes committed in the name of honour”. Women’s groups have expressed readiness to work on small arms control and disarmament, and have identified opportunities for action. These differ in each the three countries examined. For women’s rights and civil society organisations in Lebanon, the best way to tackle the problem is to present small arms control as a protection issue rather than a political one. This means looking at it from the angle of protecting women rather than disarming one group over another. In Jordan, where authorities are desperate to control civilian gun possession, women identified UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) as a starting point for action. In Occupied Palestinian Territory, women can work with the Palestinian Authority to improve law enforcement in the West Bank and raise awareness among youth to break the links between masculinity, guns and violence. Details: London: International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA), Women's Network, 2011. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://www.iansa-women.org/sites/default/files/newsviews/iansa_wn_mena_paper_2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Asia URL: http://www.iansa-women.org/sites/default/files/newsviews/iansa_wn_mena_paper_2011.pdf Shelf Number: 129515 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Gun Violence (Middle East) Honor-Related Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Jansen, Henrica A.F.M. Title: National Study on Domestic Violence against Women in Tonga Summary: Violence against women (VAW) is a global problem that crosses cultural, geographic, religious, social and economic boundaries and is a violation of human rights. Violence against women deprives women of their right to fully take part in social and economic life. It causes a myriad of physical and mental health issues and in some cases results in loss of life. A lack of understanding of the magnitude of VAW, its causes and consequences, and the trends and patterns across cultures and countries, including the Pacific, hinders the development of efforts to address it. Up until now, very little has been known about the prevalence and patterns of VAW and domestic violence in Tonga, and there has been a real need for evidence to learn more about the prevalence, causes and consequences of AW, and in particular to inform policy directions. To address this lack of data, Ma`a Fafine mo e Famili Inc. (MFF) initiated a research project on understanding violence against women in this country. In 2008, MFF was awarded funding from AusAID to conduct a study. This marked the first time a large-scale quantitative and qualitative study on this topic was conducted in Tonga. The National Study on Domestic Violence against Women in Tonga consisted of two separate components: a quantitative study based on the methodology developed for the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women; and a qualitative study based on Tongan methodology of Talanoa and Nofo (see below). The use of qualitative and quantitative components was to seek results that complemented each other. The study sought to obtain information about: (1) The prevalence, frequency and types of violence against women, including:  Physical and sexual violence, emotional abuse and controlling behaviours by intimate partners;  Physical and sexual violence against women since they were 15 years old, by non-partners; and xxi  Sexual abuse in childhood (before 15 years of age)1; (2) The extent to which violence against women by a partner is associated with a range of health and other outcomes; (3) Factors that may either protect or put women at risk of violence by a partner; and (4) Coping strategies and services that women use to deal with domestic violence, as well as perceptions about domestic violence against women. Details: Nuku‘alofa, Kingdom of Tonga: Ma`a Fafine mo e Famili Inc., 2012. 165p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/drive/tonga-vaw-report-final-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Tonga URL: http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/drive/tonga-vaw-report-final-2012.pdf Shelf Number: 129525 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women (Tonga)

Author: Wilkinson, Katherine Title: The Doncaster Desistance Study Summary: The Hallam Centre for Community Justice conducted two evaluations of the DoVeS Counselling Service at HMP Doncaster, which supports offenders who have had experiences of domestic violence. These reports showed the positive affects of accessing the service on their client's attitudes to their own offending behaviour and demonstrated the challenges of collecting robust data to reflect on service efficiency post release. The Doncaster Violent Crime Theme Group wanted to fund the service, however required evidence that the service affected re-offending rates. Demonstrating effectiveness quantitatively through reconviction/reoffending follow-up studies with a comparable control group with this population would prove complex and expensive. Therefore, this study was developed as an alternative way of examining the affects of DoVeS service engagement post release on desisting from offending. A desistance approach was adopted, given the previous evaluation findings that individual identity shifts featured highly in DoVeS service user narratives. A qualitative narrative approach was therefore adopted as an appropriate method to explore desisting positions and identify the impact of CJS interventions on respondent's adopting non-offending lifestyles. By adopting this approach, this small research project hopes to move beyond evaluating reducing reoffending programmes from a quantitative, positivist stance, to focus on how interventions may work to foster or support desistance. This study therefore identifies the transition and sequencing of desistance from criminal activity of a sample of sentence serving offenders who were in custody at HMP Doncaster in 2006. 20 men who were interviewed twice regarding accessing the DoVeS counselling service were invited to take part in this project. The research team successfully contacted and interviewed five (ex) offenders who had been desisting from offending for up to 3 years. Details: Sheffield, UK: Hallam Centre for Community Justice, Sheffield Hallam University, 2009. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2013 at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/997/1/fulltext.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/997/1/fulltext.pdf Shelf Number: 129545 Keywords: Counseling Services Desistance Domestic Violence Recidivism Reoffending

Author: Robertson, Neville Title: Evaluation of the Whānau Ora Wellbeing Service of Te Whakaruruhau : final report Summary: Domestic violence and child abuse represent significant threats to whanau ora. Conversely, the weakening or loss of whanau ties can increase the vulnerability of whanau members to domestic violence and child abuse. Thus enhancing whanau ora in the context of domestic violence and child abuse is both a high priority and a significant challenge. Te Whakaruruhau Maori Women's Refuge has been providing safe housing, support and advocacy to women and children for over two decades and has become a key agency in family violence networks in Kirikiriroa. The development of the Whanau Ora Wellbeing Service, the focus of this evaluation, was a logical extension of Refuge services as Te Whakaruruhau broadened its interventions from an initial focus on safe housing to advocacy within the community, from a focus on crisis to supporting women and children to make a successful transition to violence‐free lives in the community, and from advocating for women and children in the context of Crown and other services to advocating for them in the context of whanau, hapu and iwi. The aim of the Whanau Ora Wellbeing Service is "to strengthen and achieve whanau ora through interventions which empower (whanau) to live their lives free from violence (Te Whakaruruhau, p.4). It is based on an assumption "that whānau empowered are whānau who can manage and reduce crisis while increasing opportunities and pathways to success" (Te Whakaruruhau, 2010, p.3). The Maori and Psychology Research Unit was commissioned in mid‐2011 to conduct this evaluation. It is based on ten case studies of clients in the programme, interviews with Te Whakaruruhau staff and key informants in allied agencies, and participant‐observation of Refuge activities. The case studies provide insights into the lived experience of women dealing with violence, their attempts to protect themselves and their children, and their experiences of - and reflections upon � the Whanau Ora Wellbeing programme. The case studies reveal all the women to have experienced significant physical assaults, threats of assaults, emotional abuse and intimidation. Even though some of the women sustained serious injuries, when they described the impact of the abuse, the women typically highlighted the damage it had done to them emotionally, psychologically and spiritually. The use of alcohol and/or other drugs to self‐medicate against the psychic pain of the abuse featured in several case studies. Women also gave accounts of how the violence had affected their children. Often, recognising this impact was an important factor in their decision to seek help Details: Hamilton, N.Z. : Māori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2013. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 6, 2013 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/whanau-ora-TWH-final-report-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/whanau-ora-TWH-final-report-2013.pdf Shelf Number: 131591 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Gender-Related Violence Intimate Partner Violence Maori Victims of Family Violence

Author: Birdsey, Emma M. Title: Reporting Violence to Police: A survey of victims attending domestic violence services Summary: Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate what proportion of domestic violence (DV) victims who seek help from DV services choose not to report the violence to police and to investigate factors and reasons associated with non-reporting. Method: Data was collected by interviewing 300 victims attending DV services. The interview was conducted by telephone and included questions on (a) victim characteristics, (b) characteristics of victims' most recent incident, and (c) victims' reasons for not reporting to police. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were undertaken to determine characteristics associated with the decision to report a domestic violence incident to police. Results: Approximately half (51.8%) of victims reported their most recent incident to the police. Victims were more likely to report if they had an AVO against the offender, if their property had been damaged, if they were physically injured, if the abuse was physical or sexual, if they felt their children were at risk or if they had reported previous DV incidents. Victims were less likely to report if they were pregnant or experienced more than 5 previous incidents of abuse. The top three reasons for not reporting to police were fear of revenge/further violence (13.9%), embarrassment/shame (11.8%), or the incident was too trivial/unimportant (11.8%). The primary barrier to reporting, according to those interviewed, is that police either do not understand or are not proactive in handling DV (17.1%). Conclusion: Half of victims reported DV to the police, leaving the remainder without official legal intervention and professional support. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2013. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper No. 91: Accessed January 27, 2014 at: http://www.women.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/280912/Reporting_Violence_to_the_Police_-_BOCSAR_survey.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.women.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/280912/Reporting_Violence_to_the_Police_-_BOCSAR_survey.pdf Shelf Number: 131804 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Victim Services Victims of Domestic Violence

Author: Houghton, Claire Title: A Review of the Increased Use of CCTV and Video-Surveillance for Crime Prevention Purposes in Europe Summary: This report describes the evolution of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) video surveillance from a simple system involving a camera and a video recorder to the sophisticated digital, multi-camera systems, integrating fully functional cameras capable of tracking a person's movements across public space. Most European cities now have extensive CCTV surveillance in private and semi-public space, particularly in the transport and retail sectors, but many countries are following the UK's example and deploying open street CCTV for the purposes of crime prevention in their major cities. While the growth of open CCTV in the Nordic countries has been limited, in other countries, particularly France, Italy and the Netherlands many cities now have open street CCTV systems. The regulation of CCTV in Europe is primarily through the application of data protection law. This has been shown to be uneven in its scope and application. Moreover, CCTV sits uneasily with the Data Protection concept of consent. Consent is implied in the public operation of CCTV and data subjects have not given it freely. Moreover, data is being processed without subject's knowledge and this suggests that regulatory requirements need to be strengthened and extended. Details: Brussels: European Parliament, 2009. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 31, 2014 at: http://www.statewatch.org/news/2009/apr/ep-study-norris-cctv-video-surveillance.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Europe URL: http://www.statewatch.org/news/2009/apr/ep-study-norris-cctv-video-surveillance.pdf Shelf Number: 131825 Keywords: Children and Violence Closed-Circuit Television Crime Prevention Domestic Violence Family Violence Video Surveillance

Author: Morgan, David Title: Promising Practices to Help Children and Youth who have been Exposed to Violence Summary: Children and youth in challenging contexts, both in Canada and overseas, face common threats to their mental health that can be better addressed when researchers, service providers, practitioners, and communities pool their knowledge, resources, and lessons learned of what works best for improving young peoples' mental health. If these groups continue to work within their occupational and disciplinary boundaries, they will fail to mobilize the full potential of the evidence documented by researchers, the practice-related knowledge of service providers and practitioners, and the local knowledge of communities. The CYCC Network was developed in response to this need and in the summer of 2013, released three thematic knowledge synthesis reports: violence, technology, and youth engagement. Violence against children and youth, in particular, is a complex public health problem that affects communities worldwide, and can lead to potentially devastating consequences for young people and their families if left unaddressed. To tackle this problem, a coordinated effort to share and document best practices for addressing young peoples' mental health needs is urgently needed. Without opportunities to share this knowledge, there is a risk of delivering potentially ineffective interventions that are difficult for young people and their families to access or relate to. Additionally, poorly-researched or evaluated interventions often ignore the structural barriers (e.g. limited access to mental health practitioners, stigma, and a lack of resources to evaluate programs) that shape young peoples' mental health and wellbeing. In light of these challenges, the knowledge synthesis report on violence explores the effective strategies used among children and youth in challenging contexts who have been exposed to violence, in order to help them overcome trauma and feel safe in their families, schools, and communities. Recent years have seen an explosion of new, innovative programs that focus on improving the lives of vulnerable young people through the use of technology. The internet has opened doors of opportunity to reach these children and youth in more effective ways with the information and support they need to lead healthy lives. Today, mobile phones are one of the most prolific mediums through which interventions can be delivered. While the rapid developments made in technology present many opportunities, the expansion of this field has not been accompanied by a comparable level of research and evaluation. There is a need for more evidence to support the use of technology as a means of intervention with children and youth in challenging contexts. In response to this gap, the knowledge synthesis report on technology reviews innovations in technology that are known to be effective in helping children and youth in the most challenging of contexts, to nurture resilience, prevent mental health problems, and build a special place for themselves in the collective life of their communities. Finally, there has been an increasing recognition that youth engagement is central to any best practice or intervention that involves young people. Valuing youth engagement puts the focus on the positive contributions that youth make to programs and their effectiveness. Programs and services that acknowledge the independence and agency of at-risk youth provide opportunity for young people to give feedback on the relevance and appropriateness of the programs that serve them. Additionally, youth engagement can promote a sense of empowerment on an individual level, and facilitate healthy connections between young people and their community. Despite these benefits, however, there remains a gap in our understanding of the implications of engaging vulnerable youth. In order to better understand and optimize youth engagement, different strategies need to be explored that identify their appropriateness for youth living in different challenging contexts, representing all genders and age categories. With these gaps in mind, the knowledge synthesis report on youth engagement explores strategies that have been shown to work in engaging children and youth in challenging contexts as full members of their communities and in ending feelings of disempowerment and abandonment. Ultimately, the three knowledge synthesis reports are interconnected in ways that can help to form a comprehensive strategy for researchers, practitioners, service providers, and communities to address the needs of vulnerable children and youth in Canada and overseas. For example, lessons learned from the violence report can inform programs and interventions that use technology to address the mental health needs of young people in challenging contexts. Similarly, the many innovative examples and lessons learned highlighted in the technology report may be used to inform professionals working with children and youth exposed to violence, through the design and delivery of technology-based programming that is safe, accessible and effective for youth in different contexts. In turn, the youth engagement report showcases important work that can be used to inform both the violence and technology reports with best practices for engaging youth in the design and implementation of programs so that interventions are relevant, meaningful and effective to children and youth in challenging contexts. Details: Halifax, NS: CYCC Network, 2013. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 31, 2014 at: http://www.cyccnetwork.org/files/Violence%20Report.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.cyccnetwork.org/files/Violence%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 131835 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Children and Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence against Children Violent Crime Vulnerable Children

Author: Smedslund, G. Title: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Men Who Physically Abuse their Female Partner (Review) Summary: In national surveys, between 10% and 34% of women have reported being physically assaulted by an intimate male partner. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or programmes including elements of CBT are frequently used treatments for physically abusive men. Participants either enroll voluntarily or are obliged to participate by means of a court order. CBT not only seeks to change behavior using established behavioural strategies, but also targets thinking patterns and beliefs. Objectives To measure effectiveness of CBT and programmes including elements of CBT on men's physical abuse of their female partners. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for men who have physically abused their female partner and included a measure of the impact on violence. Main results Six trials, all from the USA, involving 2343 participants, were included. A meta-analysis of four trials comparing CBT with a no intervention control (1771 participants) reported that the relative risk of violence was 0.86 (favouring the intervention group) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.54 to 1.38. This is a small effect size, and the width of the CI suggests no clear evidence for an effect. One study (Wisconsin Study) compared CBT with process-psychodynamic group treatment and reported a relative risk of new violence of 1.07 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.68). Even though the process-psychodynamic treatment did marginally better than CBT, this result is equivocal. Finally, one small study (N = 64) compared a combined CBT treatment for substance abuse and domestic violence (SADV) with a Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF) group. An analysis involving 58 participants investigated the effect on reduction in frequency of physical violence episodes. The effect size was 0.30 (favouring TSF) with 95% CI from -0.22 to 0.81. Authors' conclusions There are still too few randomised controlled trials to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for male perpetrators of domestic violence. Details: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 19, 2014 at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006048.pub2/pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006048.pub2/pdf Shelf Number: 131962 Keywords: Abusive Men Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Guy, Jonathon Title: Early Intervention in Domestic Violence and Abuse Summary: Domestic Violence and Abuse is the first in a series of reports on different aspects of Early Intervention. We chose to focus on domestic violence and abuse in our first report because it is an important cause of long-term problems for children, families and communities. The damaging impacts of witnessing domestic violence and abuse on children can cast a long shadow with inter-generational consequences sometimes leading to a repetition of abusive and violent behaviours. Moreover, domestic violence and abuse is not confined to a small section of the population but highly prevalent with 30% of women having experienced any domestic abuse since the age of 16 and 1.2% of people aged 16-59 having experienced partner abuse involving severe force in the last year. It also comes with immense costs - it is estimated that the overall costs to society of domestic violence and abuse stands at over L15.7bn. There must be more effective ways of preventing domestic violence and abuse and protecting children and families from its long-term effects. The Early Intervention Foundation's (EIF) focus is on the flow of evidence between research, practice and policy, with the goal of driving improvements to children's outcomes and breaking intergenerational patterns of disadvantage and dysfunction. Our approach is characterised by three roles: to assess the evidence of what works, to advise on the best Early Intervention approaches and to advocate for a shift in the culture from late to early intervention. A pre-emptive, early approach not only has the potential to improve the lives of children and families, but also represents an intelligent approach to spending - with possible long term savings as a result. A particular focus of the EIF is on ensuring children and young people have the bedrock of social and emotional skills, resilience and capability they need to function as effective, responsible adults with good levels of autonomy and well-being. In that context Early Intervention refers to the programmes and practices provided to babies, children, young people and their families to help achieve these outcomes. Many such Early Intervention services focus on supporting parenting as a key driver of success. EIF also provides advice to all interested in Early Intervention including practitioners, Local Councils, Schools, Police and Crime Commissioners, Clinical Commissioning Groups, the voluntary sector and Government on the causes of poor outcomes for children and young people and what has been shown to work to tackle these. We are working initially with 20 Pioneering Early Intervention Places including 18 Local Councils and 2 Police and Crime Commissioners across the country to help make Early Intervention a reality on the ground. Domestic violence and abuse is an issue that has been recurrently highlighted by local commissioners as an issue of serious concern and one which requires improved services. Many practitioners are looking at how to identify at risk groups in the population, better equip local workforces and provide more integrated services that respond to domestic violence and abuse alongside other issues that families may be facing. This report is not intended as a systematic and exhaustive review of 'What Works' in addressing and preventing domestic violence and abuse. The purpose of this report is to assess the extent to which evidence on domestic violence and abuse indicates Early Intervention Foundation that it can be an important cause of long term problems for children and families, and the role of Early Intervention in pre-empting this. The report combines our 3 'A's - assessment, advice and advocacy. It assesses a suite of preventative programmes for children and young people, Early Intervention initiatives for families at risk of domestic violence and abuse and perpetrator programmes. It reflects the feedback we have had from our 20 Pioneering Places and wider research to provide advice for local commissioners and others. It goes on to advocate for specific actions and tangible recommendations for government and other agencies. Details: London: Early Intervention Foundation, 2014. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2014 at: http://www.eif.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Early-Intervention-in-Domestic-Violence-and-Abuse-Full-Report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.eif.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Early-Intervention-in-Domestic-Violence-and-Abuse-Full-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 131987 Keywords: Children and Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Interventions Violence Against Women

Author: Tennessee Economic Council on Women Title: The Economic Impact of Violence Against Women in Tennessee Summary: Violence is a thief. In much the same way that a robust education can open minds to new opportunities and unprecedented achievement, violence closes doors and cripples the human ability to grow and innovate. At the hands of a stranger, and even more often a loved one, women in Tennessee are being coerced, intimidated, battered and assaulted in alarming numbers. In recent years, our state has regularly ranked among the worst in the country when counting the number of women murdered by men, and estimates indicate that one in three women will experience domestic or sexual violence in their lifetime. The immediate implications of these crimes are daunting. This report reveals that, across the state, communities spend or lose at least $886 million each year as a result of recent violence committed against women. By focusing on the immediate impact on the public, however, this figure only hints at the most significant cost: Crimes like domestic violence, human sex trafficking and sexual assault have a lasting impact on a victim's ability to earn for herself, to provide for her family, to live a healthy, pain-free life, and to reach her full potential in her community. The reality of this hardship is personal and immeasurable, but the way in which violence can derail a woman's ability to excel, or to more fully contribute to her community, has ramifications that extend deeply into each of our lives. The chief goal of this effort is to explore the costs that we incur under the current low-budget, response-oriented approach to these crimes, and to highlight the potential return on investment that a robust push for prevention could bring by weakening the generational cycle of violence that feeds this suffering. If there is a secondary goal for this document; it is to expose certain truths about these heinous crimes with the aim of promoting a more productive public response. Foremost among these are that : (1) Domestic violence is not a family matter, with limited impact on the wellbeing of others. It is, in fact, one of the most debilitating and prevalent crimes in our society and it perpetually extracts costs, both immediate and long-term, from every single one of us. (2) Prostitution is not a profession willingly chosen; it is a suffering of last resort that desperate women and children are forced into, or fall back upon to survive. It is an abominable form of modern slavery perpetrated by predatory traffickers and the reckless purchasers of forced sex, which challenges the humanity of the individual and the dignity of their community. (3) It is in the best interest of all Tennesseans to recognize that a child should not be born into a unique likelihood of rape, abuse, or violation because of her gender. Crimes that victimize women in such tremendous volume and specificity have compounding effects on our society and economy, and by derailing the lives of so very many, they serve to impede an entire gender's collective ability to achieve its full socio-economic potential. Details: Nashville: Tennessee Economic Council on Women, 2013. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 31, 2014 at: http://www.tennesseewomen.org/2013vawreport.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.tennesseewomen.org/2013vawreport.pdf Shelf Number: 132028 Keywords: Costs of Criminal Justice Domestic Violence Prostitution Violence Against Women

Author: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) Title: Violence Against Women: An EU-Wide Survey. Main Results Summary: This FRA survey is the first of its kind on violence against women across the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU). It is based on interviews with 42,000 women across the EU, who were asked about their experiences of physical, sexual and psychological violence, including incidents of intimate partner violence ('domestic violence'). The survey also included questions on stalking, sexual harassment, and the role played by new technologies in women's experiences of abuse. In addition, it asked about their experiences of violence in childhood. Based on the detailed findings, FRA suggests courses of action in different areas that are touched by violence against women and go beyond the narrow confines of criminal law, ranging from employment and health to the medium of new technologies. Details: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014. 198p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2014 at: http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results_en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Europe URL: http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-vaw-survey-main-results_en.pdf Shelf Number: 132048 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Harassment Sexual Violence Stalking Violence Against Women

Author: Flood, Michael Title: Respectful Relationships Education: Violence Prevention and Respectful Relationships Education in Victorian Secondary Schools Summary: This report is intended to advance violence prevention efforts in schools in Victoria and around Australia. It is the outcome of the Violence Prevention, Intervention and Respectful Relationships Education in Victorian Secondary Schools Project, undertaken by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) on behalf of the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD). The report is designed to achieve the following goals: - to map the violence prevention, intervention and respectful relationships programs that are currently running in Victorian government secondary schools - to identify and explore best practice in violence prevention, intervention and respectful relationships education in schools in Victoria and elsewhere - to inform the development and implementation of violence prevention and respectful relationships policy and programming in Victoria - to increase DEECD's ability to respond more effectively to queries from other government departments, the media and the general public regarding the role of schools in violence prevention and the promotion of respectful relationships. The report focuses on the prevention of forms of violence that occur in intimate and family relationships, including physical or sexual violence by boyfriends and girlfriends, intimate partners or ex-partners, family members and others. Such forms of violence may overlap, or have similarities, with other forms of violence such as bullying, homophobic violence and racist violence. However, these other forms of violence are not the focus of this report. The report does not seek to make recommendations for policies, programs or processes, but rather enhances the evidence base for respectful relationship education in schools. The report is based on a review of violence prevention programs in Victoria that occurred in two stages. Stage One (May to August 2008) aimed to identify violence prevention and respectful relationships programs currently operating in, or being delivered to, Victorian government secondary schools, as well as to distil principles of good practice in schools-based programs from the national and international literature. Stage Two (September 2008 to May 2009) involved a more detailed analysis of programs identified as good practice or 'promising practice' models, interviews with key informants and further analysis of existing research on violence prevention. Comments by key informants have been integrated into the text, but in order to protect confidentiality have not been attributed to individuals. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2009. 91p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2014 at: https://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/stuman/wellbeing/respectful_relationships/respectful-relationships.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Australia URL: https://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/stuman/wellbeing/respectful_relationships/respectful-relationships.pdf Shelf Number: 132072 Keywords: Dating Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence School-Based Programs Sexual Violence Violence Prevention Programs (Australia)

Author: Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria Title: Justice or Judgement? The Impact of Victorian Homicide Law Reforms on Responses to Women Who Kill Intimate Partners Summary: Over the past decade in Australia, reviews of homicide laws have been undertaken in most jurisdictions with the aim of addressing concerns about legal responses to intimate partner homicides. In Victoria, problems were identified with the application of the partial defence of provocation, particularly in the case of men who kill their female intimate partners, while self-defence has been seen to be failing women who kill to protect themselves from their male partner's violence. In both contexts there has been a systemic failure to recognise the nature and impact of family violence. Significant changes to homicide laws were enacted in Victoria in 2005 which have been held up as a 'trendsetting' example of feminist-inspired reforms to remediate gender imbalances in legal responses (Ramsey 2010; Forell 2006). The rationale for key aspects of the reforms was to better accommodate the experiences of victims who kill violent family members (Victorian Law Reform Commission [VLRC] 2002; Australian Law Reform Commission [ALRC] and New South Wales Law Reform Commission [NSWLRC] 2010, p. 622). This discussion paper examines legal outcomes in the cases of women who have killed their intimate partners in the eight years since the reforms were implemented in Victoria. The focus of this paper is on whether, and to what extent, the reforms have improved the recognition of family violence and legal understandings of the circumstances in which women kill in response to violence by an intimate partner. Details: Melbourne: Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria, 2013. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Paper: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://dvrcv.sites.go1.com.au/sites/thelookout.sites.go1.com.au/files/DVRCV-DiscussionPaper-9-2013-web.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://dvrcv.sites.go1.com.au/sites/thelookout.sites.go1.com.au/files/DVRCV-DiscussionPaper-9-2013-web.pdf Shelf Number: 132119 Keywords: Criminal Law Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicide Intimate Partner Violence Women Who Kill

Author: ChildFund Australia Title: Stop Violence: Against Women and Children in Papua New Guinea Summary: For years, Margaret endured her husband hitting her with knives, stones, metal and bottles. He said he would find boys to pack-rape her and she lived in fear of his chilling death threats: "You see this stone? It is nice and hard and round. If I put it on your head you are dead. When we are at home I will really kill you." When Margaret speaks of the violence she has lived through, the real pain surfaces when she explains how her husband hurt their little boy. Sammy experienced so much violence in his first months of life that when he hears a sudden noise, he cries and needs Margaret to hug him. When Sammy was just one month old, Margaret's husband tried to punch her in the face and missed, knocking the baby unconscious. Sammy's pupils constricted and Margaret watched on, terrified, as her husband shook the baby to revive him. He then threatened to kill Margaret with the iron bar in his hand as he demanded, "Come and get the child." Hopefully Sammy won't remember his father trying to hit Margaret while she was breastfeeding him, or his father picking him up and using his little body as a weapon to hit her. Margaret's story is extreme, which, sadly, makes it representative. In Papua New Guinea, women are raped, killed and maimed on a shocking scale. The brutality is severe, often involving bush knives, axes, burning and even biting. In the following pages, you will hear from a woman whose bottom lip was bitten off in a random attack, and another who was relentlessly belted and raped by her husband over three consecutive days. Two grieving women tell how their sister died after her husband smashed her head against a car, leaving her young children motherless. Young women who grew up without mothers to defend them speak of the brutal beatings they have experienced at the hands of relatives. ChildFund understands that violence against women inevitably hurts children, too. That is why, with the benefit of almost 20 years' experience working in Papua New Guinea, we have developed an innovative new program focused on family violence, which we will roll out in Central Province, east of Port Moresby. In this report, we share what we have learnt through field research that was conducted to inform this new support and education program. Details: Surry Hills NSW: ChildFund Australia, 2013. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://www.childfund.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/Stop%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20PNG%202013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Papua New Guinea URL: http://www.childfund.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/Stop%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20PNG%202013.pdf Shelf Number: 132132 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Stewart, Lynn A. Title: Profile and Programming Needs of Federal Offenders with Histories of Intimate Partner Violences Summary: Previous research has indicated that prevalence rates for domestic violence (DV) are high among offender populations. An up-to-date profile of this population in the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is required to determine the treatment needs of offenders with this history. What we did A sample of 15,166 offenders was drawn from those currently under custody who had a suspected history of domestic violence based on the Family Violence Risk Assessment (FVRA) screening process. We also obtained a sample of 6,144 domestic violence offenders identified as moderate to high risk since 2002 on the Spousal Assault Risk Assessments (SARA) who were compared to offenders without a history of DV during the same time period. Further analyses compared high and moderate risk DV offenders and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal DV offenders. What we found Forty percent of offenders currently under CSC supervision have a suspected history of DV. Of these, 45% were rated as either moderate or high risk on the SARA, providing an estimate of at least 18% of the CSC population with a confirmed history of DV. The population of federal offenders assessed as moderate or high risk on the SARA indicated that DV offenders scored higher on criminal history risk ratings, had more learning disabilities and mental health problems, and were rated as higher need than non-DV offenders. DV offenders had extensive and varied offence histories with 79% having had at least one other violent offence and 18% had a sexual offence. Aboriginal offenders were over-represented among the DV perpetrators with 57% having a suspected history and 30% a confirmed history. Aboriginal DV offenders generally had higher criminal risk ratings and higher need ratings than non-Aboriginal DV offenders; in particular, they had more substantial histories of alcohol abuse indicating that interventions for Aboriginal offenders with DV must include treatment for substance abuse. The rate of DV among Inuit offenders is particularly high with over 48% having a confirmed history. When the DV group was assessed against the current program referral criteria, 40% meet the criteria for a violence prevention program, over 37% meet the criteria for a substance abuse program, and 22% meet the criteria for a sex offender program. Of concern are results that indicate that almost half (47%) of confirmed DV offenders would not qualify for participating in a family violence prevention program unless over-ride provisions are invoked. What it means Domestic violence offenders in CSC present with multiple criminogenic and mental health needs but are unique in the extent to which they have needs in the family and marital domain. Current referral guidelines mean that 47% of these offenders no longer qualify to attend a DV program to address this area and would not be treated for this offence pattern. Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2012. 29p. To obtain a PDF version of the full report, contact the following address: research@csc-scc.gc.ca Source: Internet Resource: Research Report R-265: Accessed April 28, 2014 at: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/005/008/092/005008-0265-eng.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/005/008/092/005008-0265-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 132185 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Offender Treatment

Author: Truman, Jennifer L. Title: Nonfatal Domestic Violence, 2003-2012 Summary: The report presents estimates on nonfatal domestic violence from 2003 to 2012. Domestic violence includes victimization committed by current or former intimate partners (spouses, boyfriends or girlfriends), parents, children, siblings, and other relatives. This report focuses on the level and pattern of domestic violence over time, highlighting selected victim and incident characteristics. Incident characteristics include the type of violence, the offender's use of a weapon, victim injury and medical treatment, and whether the incident was reported to police. The report provides estimates of acquaintance and stranger violence for comparison. Data are from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which collects information on nonfatal crimes reported and not reported to police. The NCVS is a self-report survey administered every six months to persons age 12 or older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households. Highlights: In 2003-12, domestic violence accounted for 21% of all violent crime. A greater percentage of domestic violence was committed by intimate partners (15%) than immediate family members (4%) or other relatives (2%). Current or former boyfriends or girlfriends committed most domestic violence. Females (76%) experienced more domestic violence victimizations than males (24%). Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2014. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 3, 2014 at: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ndv0312.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ndv0312.pdf Shelf Number: 132204 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Crime

Author: Parks, Sharyn E. Title: Surveillance for Violent Deaths - National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 States, 2010 Summary: Problem/Condition: An estimated 55,000 persons die annually in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 16 U.S. states for 2010. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Reporting Period Covered: 2010. Description of System: NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplementary homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). NVDRS data collection began in 2003 with seven states (Alaska, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, South Carolina, and Virginia) participating; six states (Colorado, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin) joined in 2004, four (California, Kentucky, New Mexico, and Utah) in 2005, and two in 2010 (Ohio and Michigan), for a total of 19 states. This report includes data from 16 states that collected statewide data in 2010; data from California are not included in this report because data were not collected after 2009. Ohio and Michigan were excluded because data collection, which began in 2010, did not occur statewide until 2011. Results: For 2010, a total of 15,781 fatal incidents involving 16,186 deaths were captured by NVDRS in the 16 states included in this report. The majority (62.8%) of deaths were suicides, followed by homicides and deaths involving legal intervention (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions) (24.4%), deaths of undetermined intent (12.2%), and unintentional firearm deaths (0.7%). Suicides occurred at higher rates among males, non-Hispanic whites, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and persons aged 45-54 years. Suicides most often occurred in a house or apartment and involved the use of firearms. Suicides were preceded primarily by a mental health or intimate partner problem, a crisis during the previous 2 weeks, or a physical health problem. Homicides occurred at higher rates among males and persons aged 20-24 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black males. The majority of homicides involved the use of a firearm and occurred in a house or apartment or on a street/highway. Homicides were precipitated primarily by arguments and interpersonal conflicts or in conjunction with another crime. Interpretation: This report provides a detailed summary of data from NVDRS for 2010. The results indicate that violent deaths resulting from self-inflicted or interpersonal violence disproportionately affected persons aged <55 years, males, and certain minority populations. For homicides and suicides, relationship problems, interpersonal conflicts, mental health problems, and recent crises were among the primary precipitating factors. Because additional information might be reported subsequently as participating states update their findings, the data provided in this report are preliminary. Public Health Action: For the occurrence of violent deaths in the United States to be better understood and ultimately prevented, accurate, timely, and comprehensive surveillance data are necessary. NVDRS data can be used to monitor the occurrence of violence-related fatal injuries and assist public health authorities in the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs and policies to reduce and prevent violent deaths at the national, state, and local levels. NVDRS data have been used to enhance prevention programs. Examples include use of linked NVDRS data and adult protective service data to better target elder maltreatment prevention programs and improve staff training to identify violent death risks for older adults in North Carolina, use of Oklahoma VDRS homicide data to help evaluate the effectiveness of a new police and advocate intervention at domestic violence incident scenes, and data-informed changes in primary care practice in Oregon to more effectively address older adult suicide prevention. The continued development and expansion of NVDRS is essential to CDC's efforts to reduce the personal, familial, and societal impacts of violence. Further efforts are needed to increase the number of states participating in NVDRS, with an ultimate goal of full national representation. Details: Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Morbidity and Mortality Weekley Report, January 17, 2014: Surveillance Summaries, vol. 63, no. 1: Accessed May 5, 2014 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6301.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6301.pdf Shelf Number: 132233 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicide Suicides Violence-Related Injuries Violent Crime

Author: Dobbs, Terry Title: Kaupapa Maori wellbeing framework: The basis for whanau violence prevention and intervention Summary: Key messages - Maori are over-represented in family violence statistics as both victims and perpetrators. The causes of whanau violence are acknowledged as complex and as sourced from both historical and contemporary factors. The impact of colonisation needs to be considered in order to respond effectively to whanau violence. - Western approaches have not curbed the epidemic of whanau violence. Multi-level approaches to whanau violence prevention and intervention are more likely to achieve the best results. - Understanding the difference between whanau and family is critical in terms of any prevention and intervention practices, policies and legislation. - The use of cultural imperatives, for example, whakapapa, tikanga, wairua, tapu, mauri, and mana, has the potential to inform wellbeing in intimate partner and whanau relationships, transform behaviours and provide alternatives to violence. Using these imperatives can guide transformative practices and inform strategies for whanau violence prevention and whanau wellbeing. They can also be seen as protective factors within whanau, hapu and iwi. - Culturally responsive initiatives and programmes that restore and strengthen whanau and communities should be considered as well as the individual based interventions of mainstream for Maori whanau. Kaupapa Maori conceptual frameworks, for example the Mauri Ora framework, advocate for the development of Maori models that change the way whanau violence is understood and managed. --Successful programmes are likely to have: - Maori population based responses that complement the work of Maori and other community-based intervention services. These should be grounded in te reo me ona tikanga (Maori language and culture), underpinned by Maori values and beliefs, Maori cultural paradigms and frameworks - Government agencies working in close collaboration with iwi organisations to facilitate the implementation of Maori whanau violence prevention initiatives that meet the needs, priorities and aspirations of iwi - Funding sufficient to (a) engage leaders and staff who have the nationally and locally recognised skills to ensure successful implementation of violence prevention initiatives, and (b) to allow for local consultation and subsequent responsiveness in planned activities and projects - Support for capacity building opportunities for both prevention and intervention staff, including opportunities for networking, advocacy, and training - Maori violence prevention initiatives that are funded for research and evaluation in a way that builds local knowledge within a Maori worldview. Details: Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2014. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 6: Accessed May 6, 2014 at: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/issues-papers-6 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.nzfvc.org.nz/issues-papers-6 Shelf Number: 132250 Keywords: Aboriginals Crime Prevention Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Indigenous Peoples Violence Prevention

Author: Tisdall, Mark Title: Review of the Use of Restorative Justice in Family Violence Cases in the Rotorua District Summary: Assisting victims to reclaim their voice has been a call for a very long time in the field of domestic violence. Family violence by its very nature renders silent the stories of those victimised. Violence robs those victimised of their mana so good practice has as its aim the enhancement of women's agency, as in the majority of cases the victim of domestic violence are women. The aims of restorative justice are remarkably similar in that a core ideal is to provide those victimised by crime, a voice within the justice system and a voice in terms of appropriate reparation, in order to reclaim their own mana and move on. Holding offenders accountable for their behaviour is a strong ideal shared by both fields of practice. There remains strong debate within both the family violence and restorative justice fields about what role there might be, if any, that an accommodation at a practice level could take place. Mana Social services is one of the agencies contracted by the Crime Prevention Unit of the Ministry of Justice to deliver restorative justice in cases of domestic violence. Currently there is not a policy in this area for this work and evidence is required to consider the impact, processes, safety and outcomes in this area which will inform the development of policy. The agency has a good reputation for it's work in restorative justice; a third of referrals to Mana SS from the District Court are in the area of family violence offending. Mana Social Services has already been the subject of an evaluation albeit not focussed on domestic violence. This review specifically focuses upon those cases that are purely family violence in nature. The three primary aims of this review as specified by the Ministry of Justice was: What best practice for restorative justice in these cases would entail, i.e. how to ensure high quality processes and outcomes, and client safety and satisfaction; and ... The skills and attributes needed by practitioners To investigate the extent to which Mana Social Services address in the restorative justice process the particular family and relationship dynamics that are inherent in cases of family violence. The methodology chosen for this evaluation was qualitative with the researchers having chosen to gather data primarily through focus groups and semi structured in-depth interviewing of key informants, stakeholders, programme providers, affiliated agencies and programme users; mainly offenders and victims. Other information was gained through a study of District Court files, Mana Social Service case files and a review of the literature. The key findings of the review is that the work that Mana Social Services undertakes in the area of restorative justice conferencing in situations of family violence matches what would be considered best practice for conferencing in sensitive and complex situations. Family violence cases it can be argued are complex by the nature of intimate and familial relationships that pre-exist the conference. In simple terms there is history. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Justice, 2007. 131p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 12, 2014 at: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/r/review-of-the-use-of-restorative-justice-in-family-violence-cases-in-the-rotorua-district-may-2007/the-restorative-justice-programme-for-domestic-violence Year: 2007 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/r/review-of-the-use-of-restorative-justice-in-family-violence-cases-in-the-rotorua-district-may-2007/the-restorative-justice-programme-for-domestic-violence Shelf Number: 132331 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Restorative Justice (New Zealand)

Author: Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Title: Review of Lethality Assessment Programs (LAP) Summary: Lethality assessments are risk assessment tools that were developed to provide law enforcement and other first responders with a simple and consistent method to measure the level of danger that a victim of intimate partner domestic violence is in given their current situation. The tool consists of a standard set of questions that are asked of the victim in a specific order; the responses that the victim provides to those questions help indicate the level of danger. It is important to note that these assessments are only one of many tools used in domestic violence (DV) intervention and that a �lower risk� score on the assessment questions does not necessarily mean that the victim is not in serious danger. This report describes what comprises a lethality assessment program (LAP), the goals of the program and how it works. It discusses the experiences of states and localities that have lethality assessment programs in operation, and in particular, what it takes to prepare for implementation of such a program. The report also lists some of the ways that implementation of a lethality assessment program would benefit Virginia as well as some of the costs that such an effort would incur. Finally, it discusses the recommended first steps to implementing a lethality assessment program within existing or with minimal resources. Details: Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services, 2013. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 16, 2014 at: http://www.dcjs.virginia.gov/research/documents/Lethality_Assess_Report_FINAL.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.dcjs.virginia.gov/research/documents/Lethality_Assess_Report_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 132470 Keywords: Domestic Violence Police Response Police Use of Force Risk Assessment

Author: Harvey, Shannon Title: Barriers Faced by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People in Accessing Domestic Abuse, Stalking and Harassment, and Sexual Violence Services Summary: In 2012, the Welsh Government began consultation on legislation to end violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence. Stakeholders, in early White Paper consultations, suggested that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people may experience specific barriers when seeking support (Faraz Bhula, 2012). Alongside the development of Wales' men's domestic abuse service, some research has been conducted around gay and bisexual men's experiences of domestic abuse. However, LGBT people remain under-represented in referrals to the All Wales Domestic Abuse & Sexual Violence Helpline and Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARACs) across Wales, despite evidence suggesting that they experience domestic and sexual abuse at similar rates to heterosexual, cis women (Donovan et al, 2006; Henderson, 2003). Service provision in Wales and elsewhere in the UK has remained focused on the needs of heterosexual, cis women and knowledge of any differences in LGBT people's support needs is limited. Seeking to further develop policy-making and legislation in this area, the Welsh Government (2013) committed to identifying barriers faced by LGBT people in accessing domestic abuse, stalking and harassment, and sexual violence services. NatCen Social Research was commissioned in January 2014 to conduct this research. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Welsh Government Social Research, 2014. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 17, 2014 at: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/caecd/research/2014/140604-barriers-faced-lgbt-accessing-domestic-abuse-services-en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/caecd/research/2014/140604-barriers-faced-lgbt-accessing-domestic-abuse-services-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132489 Keywords: Bias-Motivated Crimes Discrimination Domestic Violence Gays, Crime Against Gays, Lesbians and Bisexuals, Crime Against Hate Crimes Minority Groups Sexual Harassment Sexual Violence Stalking Victim Services

Author: Freccero, Julie Title: Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Thailand Summary: With one of the longest-running civil wars in history, Burma has been plagued by internal conflict between a military-backed government and many ethnic minority insurgent groups for over six decades. Widespread human rights abuses, the confiscation of land, the destruction of villages, and livelihood vulnerability have forcibly displaced millions of people in Eastern Burma, primarily ethnic minorities. Many flee to neighboring Thailand, where an estimated 142,000 Burmese refugees reside in camps along the border and over two million Burmese migrants live throughout Thailand as a whole. Without access to official refugee status in Thailand, Burmese asylum seekers are allowed to temporarily reside in one of the nine camps along the Thailand-Burma border. If they leave the camps without proper documentation, however, they are generally regarded as illegal migrants and are subject to arrest, detention, and deportation by Thai authorities. In the refugee camps, it is believed that insufficient resources, protracted confinement, and high rates of alcohol use contribute, to a high incidence of domestic violence. Service providers have also documented rape, sexual exploitation, and trafficking as significant problems. Outside the camps, local women's groups have identified domestic violence, rape, and trafficking as significant problems in migrant communities. Reporting of this violence is rare, however, as it exposes undocumented migrants to arrest and deportation. Additionally, limited economic opportunity and the undocumented or temporary legal status of migrants leave many vulnerable to sexual exploitation and abuse by employers, Thai authorities, and others in their communities. In an era of increased attention to conflict-related violence, we are now beginning to understand the continuum of sexual and gender-based harm that men, women, and children can suffer during armed conflict, in flight, and while temporarily resettled in refugee or internal displacement camps. Violence such as rape, gang rape, sexual torture, and sexual slavery can occur during periods of armed conflict, perpetrated by different actors for different reasons. Those fleeing a conflict may still be susceptible to rape, sexual exploitation, or trafficking while attempting to secure transport, cross borders, and find lodging. Finally, even after flight - whether to refugee or internal displacement camps or within urban centers - vulnerability to harm persists, perhaps due to a lack of protective networks, immigration status, or basic resources. In fact, displacement is believed to increase vulnerability through new and exacerbating conditions, such as the breakdown of family and community ties, collapsed gender roles, limited access to resources, insufficient security, and inadequate housing in camp settings. When refugees or internally displaced persons experience sexual and gender-based violence, their needs can be particularly urgent and complex. Survivors may experience compounded levels of physical or psychological distress resulting from individual and collective harms suffered. Unfortunately, multisectoral service options are often scarce in forced displacement settings. It is important to better understand the options for immediate physical shelter that exist in these contexts. In addition to providing immediate physical protection, programs that provide shelter to displaced persons fleeing sexual and gender-based violence may help to facilitate access to other critical services in resource-constrained settings. However, data about shelter-providing programs in such contexts is extremely limited. Evidence-based information about shelter models, client and staff needs, service challenges, and strategies is urgently required to inform policy, programming, and implementation guidance for international, national, and local entities that design or oversee these protection programs. Details: Berkeley, CA: Human Rights Center, University of California - Berkeley, School of Law, 2013. 145p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2014 at: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/HRC/SS_Thailand_web.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Thailand URL: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/HRC/SS_Thailand_web.pdf Shelf Number: 132528 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Human Trafficking Rape Refugees Sexual Exploitation Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Sohal, (Alex) Hardip Title: Identifying Intimate Partner Violence in Different Ethnic Groups in Primary Care -- A Systematic Review and Secondary Data Analysis Summary: Background Intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual and emotional violence, causes short and long term ill-health. Brief questions that can identify women from different ethnic groups experiencing IPV who present in clinical settings are a prerequisite for an appropriate response from health services to this substantial public health problem. Aim: To examine the evidence for the validity of questions trying to identify IPV in different ethnic groups and to determine whether their validity varies between ethnic groups. Methods Design: A systematic review and the secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of four questions (HARK) identifying IPV in a primary care sample. Main outcome measures: Systematic review - for each set of index questions identified, diagnostic accuracy indices, correlation coefficients, reliability measures, validity evidence based on response processes and test content were analysed and interpreted. Secondary data analysis - diagnostic indices for IPV and its dimensions in three ethnic groups were calculated for the four HARK questions combined and for the individual HARK questions. 4 Results Systematic review - there is no evidence of questions valid for identifying IPV in specific ethnic groups, including white groups. Secondary data analysis - the optimal HARK cut off score of ≥ 1 was unaffected by the participants‟ ethnicity. The diagnostic indices generated using the HARK cut off of ≥ 1 remained at a high level, in all three ethnic groups. There were no significant ethnic differences in the diagnostic indices of the four combined and individual HARK questions‟ ability at identifying either IPV or its dimensions. Conclusion From the systematic review and secondary data analysis, there is no evidence that questions‟ validity for identifying IPV varies significantly between different ethnic groups. The secondary data analysis does provide evidence that four questions (the HARK) can identify IPV in self-classified UK census categories of African- Caribbean, south Asian, and white groups. Details: London: University of London, 2011. 296p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 30, 2014 at: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2350 Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2350 Shelf Number: 132566 Keywords: Domestic Violence Ethnicity Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Feldman, Sara Title: Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Colombia Summary: The Human Rights Center conducted a review of scholarly and non-governmental organization (NGO) literature on shelter services in Colombia and on the response to sexual and gender-based violence both generally and specific to internally displaced persons. This review provided information on the context of sexual and gender-based violence in Colombia, key actors, and available protection mechanisms. Fieldwork was conducted over five weeks in April and May 2012. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a total of ten shelter staff and seven shelter residents from a total of eight shelters located in the cities of Bogota, Medellin, and Pasto. Interviews were audio-recorded, and files were translated, transcribed, and coded with qualitative data analysis software (Dedoose). Human Rights Center researchers also carried out twenty-eight key informant interviews with representatives from the government, UN agencies, NGOs, and faith-based organizations involved in Human Rights Center researchers examined eight shelter programs available to displaced individuals fleeing sexual and gender-based violence in three locations: Bogota, Medellin, and Pasto. Shelters included in this study were designed to serve one of three different populations: survivors of domestic violence, the displaced population generally, and displaced persons at particularly high security risk. The domestic violence shelter programs visited were funded and managed by the mayor's offices of Bogota and Medellin. Shelters serving internally displaced persons were funded by government entities, faith-based organizations, and international donors. Displacement shelters were managed by faith-based organizations and NGOs. In Bogota, shelter sites included four a'traditional safe houses": one for survivors of domestic violence, two for the general IDP population, and one for the high-risk IDP population. Researchers also visited one "hybrid" income-generating program offering hotel or apartment-based housing to displaced indigenous women. In Medellin, shelter sites included a "community host system" in which women in the Medellin area shelter survivors of domestic violence in their homes and a traditional safe house program that houses IDPs at high risk. In Pasto, Human Rights Center researchers visited one traditional safe house serving the general IDP population. The length of stay in these programs ranged from three days to four months. Shelter programs offered a variety of services both on-site and through referral, including psychosocial support, legal aid, medical care, vocational training, and employment assistance. The extent of services varied considerably from one site to another. Details: Berkeley, CA: Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, 2013. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2014 at: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/HRC/SS_Colombia_web.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Colombia URL: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/HRC/SS_Colombia_web.pdf Shelf Number: 132587 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Refugees Sexual Violence Victim Services Victims of Violence

Author: Holmes, Jessie Title: NSW Police Recorded Female Persons of Interest: Has there been an increase in the 10 years to June 2013? Summary: Aim: To investigate characteristics and trends from 2003/04 to 2012/13 in female persons of interest (POIs) recorded by NSW Police. Method: The number of female and male POIs were informed by data on POIs proceeded against by police from the NSW Police Force Computerised Operational Policing System. Characteristics of female POIs are described and trends over the 10 years to June 2013 were analysed using Kendall's rank-order correlation test. Results: Over the decade ending June 2013 both adult female and male POIs increased in number. However the number of adult female POIs increased at a greater rate than their male counterparts. Adult females were most likely to be apprehended by police for shoplifting and assault. Unlike adult female POIs, juvenile female POIs have not generally increased over the past decade. Instead they rose, stabilised, then fell, so that by 2012/13 the number of juvenile female POIs were only slightly higher than in 2003/04. Over the most recent three years there were no significant increases for juvenile females for any of the offences examined. The offences committed by juvenile females were very similar to those committed by adult females, with shoplifting having the largest proportion of juvenile female POIs associated, followed by assault, breach of bail conditions and then malicious damage. Conclusion: Females are still in the minority among POIs but their numbers are growing. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2014. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper No. 94: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l4/bb94.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l4/bb94.pdf Shelf Number: 132598 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Female Juvenile Offenders Female Offenders Shoplifting

Author: Sullivan, Mary Pat Title: Use as Abuse: A Feasibility Study of Alcohol-Related Elder Abuse Summary: Alcohol-related elder abuse is largely absent from the elder abuse and domestic violence literature. Although alcohol misuse is consistently identified as a risk factor for abuse, the problem manifests itself in a variety of ways and is not well understood theoretically or in direct practice with older people and their families. Thus, it remains an important area for research to more thoroughly understand its role in elder abuse, how to prevent or remove this risk factor, and how to assess and intervene when it emerges in practice. The aim of this feasibility study was to begin to explore the alcohol-related elder abuse problem in England and begin to characterise its role in cases of elder abuse, how practitioners were responding in these situations, and identify areas for further investigation. Funded by Alcohol Research UK, this study was the first of its kind in England. The methods adopted in this investigation included a review of the literature and existing data sets, a review of case files from one local authority adult safeguarding team and in-depth interviews with a sample of safeguarding and specialty alcohol practitioners. The findings from our investigation corroborate much of the existing literature that has primarily been produced in North America. Furthermore, these insights help to illuminate the subject area in England, extend our understandings in relation to community-based interventions and identify opportunities for further enquiry. The major findings are as follows: - Alcohol misusing elder abuse victims tended to be male, slightly younger than other victims, and abused by someone outside the family system. Their vulnerability for abuse seemed to be exacerbated by issues such as declining health, social isolation and possibly longstanding problems with alcohol. - Alcohol misusing elder abuse victims were twice as likely to be financially abused than non-alcohol misusing victims. - Alcohol misusing perpetrators tended to be male and a family member. - Physical abuse was more commonly identified by practitioners in cases with alcohol misusing perpetrators. - Specialty alcohol practitioners described their role as minimising the vulnerability to misuse alcohol and thereby reducing the risks for abuse. Safeguarding practitioners reported their role as a regulated one and their priority was to respond to referrals of older alcohol misusing victims who lacked mental capacity. - Practitioners were most challenged by cases where alcohol misuse had led to self-neglect or where the perpetrator was an alcohol misusing family member. - Evidence-informed community-based interventions were not identified. We conclude that this study offers an opportunity to expand our empirical understandings of alcohol-related elder abuse with a view to further mixed methods exploration in some of the following areas: - Further definition and characterisation of alcohol misuse as a risk factor for elder abuse (e.g., constructing explanations for who is misusing, nature of the misuse and abuse, relevance in family care system, self-neglect, relationship with other risk factors); - Exploration of practitioner assessment tools in relation to alcohol misuse and elder abuse; and - Developing and testing interdisciplinary social interventions, including education and training for practitioners and older people. Details: London: Alcohol Research UK, 2014. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 2, 2014 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0111.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0111.pdf Shelf Number: 132600 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Elderly Victims

Author: Mitchell, David Title: Men at Work: Men's views on a stopping violence service Summary: There is no doubt that family violence is a serious and on-going issue in our community. As a local community initiative a panel was organised in 2010 by Nelson's Te Rito Family Violence Prevention Network to discuss the issue of family violence. This panel discussion led representatives from SVS - Living Safe; Public Health, Nelson Marlborough District Health Board (NMDHB); and the Bachelor of Nursing Programme, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT) to meet and consider the possibility of working together on a project that could serve to add constructively to reducing family violence. Underpinning the project was the belief that male perpetrators of violence against partners, as service users, have an important role in providing guidance for service development. The aim of the project was to collect data from men who had completed or were completing the SVS - Living Safe's 'Stopping Violence' group to surface their views on: - The effectiveness of the 'Stopping Violence' group. - How SVS - Living Safe's services could be further developed. - Strategies that would be useful in reducing the incidence of family violence in our community. In order to achieve the above aims above the project used both a written survey and focus groups. Thirty one men responded to the survey and 12 participated in the focus groups. Support to proceed with the project was obtained from NMIT's Research & Ethics Advisory Committee. The survey looked at respondent characteristics as well as group structure, processes and quality. The feedback overall was positive in all areas. Of particular note here were: - That the group was life-changing. - The benefit of the initial interview. - The benefit of group participation being augmented with 1:1 support. - Having both male and female facilitators. - The sense of respect the men encountered. - The skills the men developed. In the two focus groups the participants were asked firstly, with reference to the results from the survey, to critique SVS - Living Safe Stopping Violence services for men. Secondly, they were asked to consider initiatives in stopping violence more broadly. There were 12 participants in the first group with 11 returning for the second group. Three main themes evolved from the two consecutive groups. - SVS - Living Safe should revisit how it is promoted. - The complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV) needs to be better appreciated. - The need for a different approach to education on IPV especially exploring differing models of how IPV is both understood and addressed. Details: Nelson, NZ: SVS Living Safe, 2014. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 3, 2014 at: Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: Shelf Number: 132050 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women Violence Prevention

Author: Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Title: Everyone's Business: Improving the police response to domestic abuse Summary: In September 2013, HMIC was commissioned by the Home Secretary to inspect the police response to domestic violence and abuse. The report, Everyone's business: Improving the police response to domestic abuse found that, while most forces and police and crime commissioners have said that domestic abuse is a priority for their areas, this isn't being translated into an operational reality. HMIC is concerned to find that, despite the progress made in this area over the last decade, not all police leaders are ensuring that domestic abuse is a priority in their forces - it is often a poor relation to other policing activity. Details: London: HMIC, 2014. 157p. Source: Internet Resource: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/improving-the-police-response-to-domestic-abuse.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/improving-the-police-response-to-domestic-abuse.pdf Shelf Number: 132022 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Police Response Violence Against Women

Author: Patton, Shirley Title: Pathways: How women leave violent men Summary: At the Justice and Change Conference held in Canberra (1999), Professor Liz Kelly (Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit, University of North London) argued that there should be a shift in the direction of domestic violence policy and service research, from what prevents women from leaving a male partner who assaults them, to what enables them to do so. This research is a response to that challenge. It has focused on who and what enabled women to leave a male partner who had assaulted them - the pathways to leaving and establishing a new life. The study differs from previous research in that it focuses on: 1. Women's own identification of what enabled them to negotiate their way successfully out of violent relationships. 2. The identification and analysis of effective supports, services and strategies for establishing violence-free lives. The research is of both National and State significance, with the issue of domestic violence on political agendas at both levels. Most recently, the Tasmanian Government committed to: 'Reduce by one-third the incidence of family violence by 2020' (Tasmania Together 2001). Women Tasmania, the government department that has key responsibility for women's policy issues, commissioned this research, with funding provided by the Federal Partnerships Against Domestic Violence (PADV) strategy. Research aims and questions The primary aim of the research has been to identify how and where government and nongovernment policy makers and service providers could best use their resources to provide more timely and appropriate assistance to women leaving violent male partners, and to maximise their safety. To this end, it worked with women in Tasmania to identify and explore the formal and informal pathways they used to leave a male partner who assaulted them, the pathways they used to establish and maintain a new, violence-free life for themselves and their children, and what has assisted them in this process. The main research question was: What are women's perceptions of the turning points and pathways in leaving and remaining out of a violent relationship with a male partner? Details: Hobart, Tasmania: Women Tasmania, Department of Premier and Cabinet, 2003. 222p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 10, 2014 at: http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/47012/pathways_how_women_leave_violent_men.pdf Year: 2003 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/47012/pathways_how_women_leave_violent_men.pdf Shelf Number: 132642 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women (Australia)

Author: Brooks, Oona Title: Violence Against Women: Effective Interventions and Practices with Perpetrators: A literature review Summary: This report presents a review of literature on effective interventions and practices to deal with perpetrators of violence against women. The key focus is with those interventions and practices which are aimed at reducing re-offending, rather than primary prevention and or public education work. The review was commissioned by the Scottish Government in order to inform development of Scotland's strategy for preventing the causes and consequences of violence against women. Many initiatives in relation to violence against women, in particular in relation to domestic abuse, rape prevention and stalking, operate with the twin aim of improving responses to both victims and perpetrators. While this review focuses on what works to deal with perpetrators, it is important to acknowledge that appropriate responses to victims will improve their engagement with the criminal justice system and therefore facilitate improved legal responses to violence against women. Details: Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research, 2014. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Report No. 01/2014: Accessed July 16, 2014 at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/VAW-Literature-Review-SCCJR-Report-No-05-20141.pdf Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/VAW-Literature-Review-SCCJR-Report-No-05-20141.pdf Shelf Number: 132696 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Interventions Sexual Violence Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Wells, Lana Title: Engaging Men and Boys in Domestic Violence Prevention: Opportunities and Promising Approaches Summary: This report outlines seven 'entry points' for engaging men and boys in domestic violence prevention: 1. Engaging fathers in domestic violence prevention; 2. Men's health and domestic violence prevention; 3. The role of sports and recreation in domestic violence prevention; 4. The role of the workplace in domestic violence prevention; 5. The role of peer relationships in domestic violence prevention; 6. Men as allies in preventing domestic violence; and 7. Aboriginal healing and domestic violence prevention. This research provides an analysis of the literature and highlights 67 promising approaches in the areas of policy, programs and practices, and citizen-led initiatives. Details: Calgary, AB, Canada: University of Calgary, Shift: The Project to End Domestic Violence, 2013. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 17, 2014 at: http://www.calgaryunitedway.org/socialvoice/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Shift-Engaging-Men-and-Boys.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://www.calgaryunitedway.org/socialvoice/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Shift-Engaging-Men-and-Boys.pdf Shelf Number: 132710 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women Violence Prevention

Author: Willman, Alys Title: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: What is the World Bank Doing, and What Have We Learned? A Strategic Review Summary: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is the most egregious manifestation of gender inequality. At least 35% of the world's women have experienced some form of Gender-Based Violence (GBV), and numerous men have been victimized as well. Even in contexts of open warfare, the scale of injuries and deaths due to SGBV far eclipses that seen on the battleground. SGBV involves a range of perpetrators and takes many different forms, from workplace harassment, domestic and intimate partner violence, to sexual violence, female genital mutilation, sex-selective abortion, trafficking, and in the most extreme cases, femicide. The impacts of such violence extend far beyond the individual survivors, affecting households, communities and spanning across generations. They can range from physical injuries, to psychological trauma and loss of livelihood or employment. Economically, survivors of SGBV not only have reduced short-term income potential, they may have immediate and long-term medical expenses or have injuries that reduce long-term income and productivity. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 23, 2014 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/12/09/000461832_20131209163906/Rendered/PDF/832090WP0sexua0Box0382076B00PUBLIC0.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/12/09/000461832_20131209163906/Rendered/PDF/832090WP0sexua0Box0382076B00PUBLIC0.pdf Shelf Number: 132737 Keywords: Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Femicide Gender-Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Harassment Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Campbell, Lesley Title: ReachOut Men's Community Outreach Service: Connections and Conversations With a Purpose Summary: Family violence is a major issue that affects the lives of many New Zealanders and creates significant social and economic costs across the wider society (Ministry of Social Development, 2002). The New Zealand Police's reported incidences of family violence have substantially increased over the past decade. Incidents rose by 140% from about 11,300 in 1994/1995 to 27,165 in 2004/2005. Offences rose by 87%, from about 14,600 to 27,343 (Lievore and Mayhew, 2007). In the Canterbury region, the reported incidence and severity of family violence has also increased since the significant earthquake events and continued aftershocks during the period from September 2010. For example, a "53% ... increase in domestic violence (was reported) following the September 2010 earthquake" and in the Waimakariri district, immediately after the February 2011 earthquake event, the North Canterbury Police reported a 40% increase in reported family violence and levels of reported family violence continued to be greater than those recorded before this natural disaster. In order to address this burgeoning problem of family violence in North Canterbury and to address a significant service gap for men responsible for family violence incidents, Aviva (formerly Christchurch Women's Refuge) applied for and successfully secured funding to support the design, implementation and evaluation of ReachOut. A first in New Zealand, this unique and innovative service is an outreach initiative involving collaborative partnerships with the Police, Child Protection Workers and those working across the family violence, criminal justice, local government and other sectors. In 2012 Aviva commissioned an independent evaluation of the process and impact of ReachOut during its first twelve months of operation. The objectives for the evaluation of ReachOut were: - To provide an indication about the benefits and the extent and level of progress made against the outcomes sought for a) men as family violence perpetrators b) women and children, who have experience of family violence and c) the North Canterbury community. - To understand more fully and articulate key aspects of the ReachOut service that are expected to influence and bring about the desired outcomes - To provide an evidence base with which to inform decisions about continuous quality improvements to ReachOut's operation - To provide an evidence base to inform decisions about its potential for rollout and transferability to other locations. The evaluation adopted a multiple methods approach in order to maximise the comprehensiveness of the qualitative and quantitative information collected to answer the evaluation questions and address the evaluation objectives. The principle evaluation methods used included the synthesis of the pertinent international and national literature and the operationalisation of a single case, time series design. This design involved a holistic analysis of the people, service, decisions, policies and organisations involved in the ReachOut service and drew on both secondary data and primary data collected through participant observation, interview and focus group methods. Details: Christchurch, NZ: Aviva, 2014. 283p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 6, 2014 at: http://www.avivafamilies.org.nz/resources/file/final_evaluation_report_reachout_april_2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.avivafamilies.org.nz/resources/file/final_evaluation_report_reachout_april_2014.pdf Shelf Number: 132906 Keywords: Abusive Men Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Intimate Partner Violence Treatment Programs Violence Against Women, Children Violence Prevention

Author: Seelinger, Kim Thuy Title: Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Haiti Summary: As part of its Sexual Violence Program, the Human Rights Center conducted a one-year study in 2012 to explore and improve understanding of the options for immediate, temporary shelter for refugees, internally displaced persons, and other migrants fleeing sexual and gender-based violence in countries affected by conflict or natural disaster. We define shelter flexibly. For example, it may be in the form of a traditional safe house, or a network of community members' homes, or other safe spaces coordinated by a base organization. Our aim was to generate research-based evidence to inform donors, policymakers, and international and local actors about types of relevant models, priority challenges, and promising practices. The study focused on three key objectives: 1. Identify and describe shelter models available to refugees, the internally displaced, and migrants fleeing sexual and gender-based violence. 2. Identify unique challenges experienced by staff and residents in these settings and explore strategies to respond to these challenges. 3. Explore protection needs and options for particularly marginalized victim groups, such as male survivors, sexual minorities, sex workers, and people with disabilities. The aim and objectives were the same across each of the studies, carried out in Colombia, Haiti, Kenya, and Thailand. Our research focused primarily on programs that served communities of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons, including those operating in a camp setting. We also studied mainstream shelters to identify protection options and innovations in urban settings. Study outputs include four country-specific reports and one comparative assessment that contain guiding considerations for the UNHCR and other stakeholders involved in the provision of protection to these populations. The Haitian landscape of shelters for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence changed quickly after the 2010 earthquake. Two major safe houses suddenly ceased to operate. One was the Centre Yvonne Hakim Rimpel, run by the Ministere a la Condition Feminine et aux Droits des Femmes (hereinafter Women's Ministry) and funded in part by Eve Ensler's V-Day. The other was a short-term emergency house run by the women's rights organization Kay Fanm. In their place, post-earthquake Haiti saw a proliferation of new shelter efforts supported by international donors, including several of the programs we visited. Our researchers conducted interviews with staff and residents in six shelter programs, including the following: - three traditional safe houses run by local women's rights groups; - one independent living arrangement program funded by a private US-based foundation; - one LGBT rights group that did not run a formal shelter, but which provided ad hoc access to a community host network; - one hybrid shelter space that consisted of dormitory space downstairs in the office of a women's rights organization. We also learned of other developing shelter options, such as temporary plywood housing, or "T-shelters," erected by various international groups in certain camps, an IOM project in Croix-des-Bouquets, and a safe house planned by the French Red Cross in conjunction with a local Haitian organization in Petit Goave. However, these emerging programs were not included in our study sample. Details: Berkeley, CA: Human Rights Center, University of California - Berkeley, School of Law, 2013. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 13, 2014 at: http://www.unhcr.org/51b6e2b29.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Haiti URL: http://www.unhcr.org/51b6e2b29.pdf Shelf Number: 133038 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence (Haiti) Human Trafficking Rape Refugees Sexual Exploitation Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Denney, Lisa Title: A problem-focused approach to violence against women: The political-economy of justice and security programming Summary: The United Nations Commission on the Status of Women ended its 57th session on 15 March 2013 with an outcome document affirming the importance of eliminating violence against women (VAW). The Commission was unable, however, to achieve consensus on a global action plan. The negative reaction of some UN member states to an action plan is a worrying reminder of ongoing resistance to reform. These persistent challenges highlight the continuing struggle to gain a serious global commitment to address VAW and recognise it as a breach of women's fundamental human rights. Engaging in this struggle, many donors have put addressing VAW generally, and in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) specifically, at the top of the development agenda and made it a major priority of international policy. But in practice progress remains difficult, not least due to entrenched resistance and discriminatory socio-political norms and gender relations that persist in many societies. The problem of violence against women therefore needs to be addressed from the perspective of the concrete socio-political and cultural conditions that shape its particular features and the relevant context specific dynamics of conflict, post-conflict patterns of violence and fragility. International efforts to support reform in the area of VAW in FCAS need to go beyond prescriptive approaches that focus on what access to protection, justice and redress should look like. We propose here an approach that engages with the specificities of the problem - paying attention to context, and the concrete political-economy dynamics of the drivers of VAW - and takes account of the real options that women face in navigating the available security and justice chains to seek protection, redress and justice. Details: London: Overseas Development Office, 2013. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2014 at: http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8325.pdf Year: 2013 Country: International URL: http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8325.pdf Shelf Number: 133145 Keywords: Domestic Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women Violence Prevention

Author: Holmes, Rebecca Title: Preventing and responding to gender-based violence in humanitarian crisis Summary: In recent years, international concern over gender-based violence (GBV) in emergencies has grown exponentially. Beginning in the mid-1990s with small programmes in a few countries, GBV interventions providing at least basic survivor care and support are now the norm rather than the exception in humanitarian programming. However, while international attention to GBV has increased substantially, there remains a lack of data on and understanding of good practice in relation to GBV programming in humanitarian contexts, and a lack of consensus on how to apply GBV concepts and terminology. This has resulted in a lack of agreement on how to define, prioritise, prevent and respond to gender-based violence in humanitarian contexts. In response to these challenges, this Network Paper maps and critically analyses good practice in preventing and responding to gender-based violence in humanitarian contexts to support humanitarian practitioners and policymakers to improve the quality of GBV programming. It is based on a review of the literature relating to gender-based violence in emergencies, funded by the UK Department for International Development. The review aimed to answer a number of key questions around the monitoring and evaluation of existing programmes; key features of 'successful' programming; needs assessments, programme design and funding; the effects of mainstreaming GBV programming in humanitarian action; and the state of knowledge and use of GBV guidelines. Details: London: Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Practice Network, 2014. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Network Paper No. 77: Accessed August 25, 2014 at: http://www.odihpn.org/hpn-resources/network-papers/preventing-and-responding-to-gender-based-violence-in-humanitarian-crises Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://www.odihpn.org/hpn-resources/network-papers/preventing-and-responding-to-gender-based-violence-in-humanitarian-crises Shelf Number: 133147 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Services for Victims of Violence Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Chandler, Jo Title: Violence Against Women in PNG: How men are getting away with murder Summary: The women of Papua New Guinea (PNG) endure some of the most extreme levels of violence in the world. They continue to be attacked with impunity despite their government's promises of justice. The situation has been described as a humanitarian disaster yet still does not receive the broader public attention it deserves, inside or outside PNG. It is also a significant obstacle to PNG's development and prosperity. This is an issue that should, and does, receive the attention of the Australian Government. PNG's largest aid donor, and nearest neighbour, has invested heavily in law and justice in PNG. Australia also explicitly targets gender rights and equity across its aid program. But only so much can be achieved in PNG by outsiders. Change will need to come from within. Australia can support this by pressing the PNG Government to assign a higher priority to addressing violence and by assisting local civil society efforts that aid the victims of violence and address some of its root causes. Details: Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2014. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 9, 2014 at: http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/violence_against_women_in_png.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea URL: http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/violence_against_women_in_png.pdf Shelf Number: 133194 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Victims of Violence Violence Against Women (Papua New Guinea)

Author: Corr, Mary-Louise Title: From Boys to Men: Phase Two Key Findings Summary: This document reports on the findings of the second phase of The From Boys to Men Project. This entailed thirteen focus group discussions with 69 young people, aged 13-19. The focus groups explored young men's attitudes to domestic abuse by inviting responses to a government anti-violence publicity campaign and a series of hypothetical vignettes. Groups were selected on the basis that they may have a potentially distinctive relationship to violence and/or intimacy and so included young people who had completed a school-based domestic abuse prevention programme; young people who were attending an alternative education programme; school students attending an anger management programme; two groups of young men undergoing Youth Offending Team supervision, one with a history of violence towards their girlfriends; young gay men; young Asian men; young men attending a substance use programme; and young men who had witnessed violence at home. Differences between the groups in terms of their attitudes towards violence, however, were not as overt and consistent as might have been expected. For example, in general terms at least, there was broad consensus in every group that abuse in relationships is wrong. Abuse encompassed controlling behaviour, including the exercise of emotional control, as much as physical and/or sexual violence. Participants' initial reactions to televised scenes of domestic abuse were universally condemnatory. Despite this broad condemnation, it was quite common for participants to justify the use of controlling behaviour - and in fewer cases, physical violence - where low levels of trust were identified in a relationship. While trust was regarded by the young men we spoke to as a fundamental feature of any good relationship, romantic relationships lacking in trust were described as not worth having, even if providing sexual gratification. Leaving a relationship lacking in trust was regarded as a better option than violence. But some young men thought a breach of trust, for example when a partner has been - or has the potential to be - unfaithful, justified controlling behaviour. Others viewed controlling behaviour as necessary to protect naive young women from the risks posed by dangerous men, or even to avoid a report to the police if accusations of rape might be made. Insecurities - either generally felt or linked to current or past relationships - were highlighted as an underlying cause of some young men's controlling behaviours and attitudes. In some instances, it was evident that participants could 'see themselves' in the anti-violence publicity shown, and that this recognition was difficult to admit to, generating defensive victim-blaming responses in some instances. Insecurities were commonly projected onto women who 'dressed like slags', whose behaviour many thought ought to be moderated, even if misguided in motive. They were also disowned and attributed to 'control freaks', 'scumbags', 'mad men' 'Muslims', 'Somalians' 'chavs', 'gang' members, drunks and drug addicts, even 'poofs'. In other words, imagined out-groups of men, deemed lesser in terms of their social standing and respect for women. Retributive violence could be justified against them, not only to protect vulnerable women and girls, but also to distinguish oneself as different and better. Such dynamics highlight the distinction between what young men know about domestic abuse, i.e. that it involves emotional, verbal and financial components as well as controlling and threatening behaviours that can take place between partners or ex-partners of any age, and the working assumptions that come into play when the experience is personal. Even those who had recently undergone a programme of relationship education tended to lapse periodically into the assumption that 'real' domestic abuse only happens in adult relationships where men repeatedly assaulted women, if not because they are 'freaks', then because of the pressures engendered by work and family related stresses. Participants from all groups struggled to suggest ways of preventing and responding to domestic abuse, whether perpetrated in the families of young men, or by a young man who had pushed a girl in his school and called her a 'slag'. No-one doubted that in the latter scenario the boy would get excluded, though opinions varied on whether or not this was either a sufficient response or an overreaction to something trivial - the latter view most articulated by those who had been in trouble themselves for this kind of behaviour. When prompted, most young men welcomed initiatives to provide preventative domestic abuse education in schools and specialist advice and counselling provision for victims, witnesses and perpetrators alike. Young people were, however, more cautious about social service intervention, and generally sceptical about whether criminal justice responses would achieve intended results. Confronting perpetrators with physical violence was a reaction that emerged repeatedly and spontaneously in many of the discussions, however, suggesting that policy and practice interventions construed in terms of 'challenging men' risk unwittingly accentuating the connections between masculinity and violence in some instances. Some young people with histories of school exclusion pointed out that classroom-based learning consistently fails to reach those whose attendance is minimal. This might include those living in care, many of whom would have lived with abusive parents. While none of the participants commented on the potential of social marketing, our discussions revealed that exposure to material from a recent government anti-violence campaign was sufficient to get most young people talking about the complexity of the issue of domestic abuse. Exposure to this material evoked a range of reactions: condemnation and outrage; self-reflection and defensiveness; the desire for vengeance and empathy and understanding; and a willingness to intervene amidst limited knowledge of what effective intervention might entail. The extent to which exposure to such campaigning creates opportunities for reorienting young men at risk of becoming prone to perpetrating domestic violence merits further research. Details: London: From Boys to Men Project, 2012. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2014 at: http://www.boystomenproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Phase-Two-Key-Findings.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.boystomenproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Phase-Two-Key-Findings.pdf Shelf Number: 133314 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Solotaroff, Jennifer L. Title: Violence against Women and Girls: Lessons from South Asia Summary: Violence against Women and Girls: Lessons from South Asia examines the prevalence and factors associated with various types of violence against women and girls in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It analyzes the nature of violence throughout the life cycle and highlights gaps where intensive research or interventions might be undertaken. Analyses of the most recent data reveal that South Asia has the world's highest levels of excess female child mortality and child marriage. The prevalence of intimate partner violence also remains unacceptably high, particularly for married adolescents. Reliable data are limited for other forms of violence. The number and intensity of efforts to address violence in the region are truly impressive and yield promising practices for future action. Important challenges remain, however-particularly the need for more rigorous evaluation and the urgency for actors to engage across forms of violence and to more systematically involve men and boys in addressing this violence. Different stakeholders have distinct roles to play if the region is to make progress in violence prevention and response, including increased funding of programs and evaluations. On the whole, strengthening the effectiveness, reach, and sustainability of interventions will involve multifaceted coordination across all actors on the ground. This book offers evidence-based recommendations for these actors and for coordination among them. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank, 2014. 332p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 25, 2014 at: https://publications.worldbank.org/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=24678 Year: 2014 Country: Asia URL: https://publications.worldbank.org/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=24678 Shelf Number: 133412 Keywords: Child Marriage Child Protection Domestic Violence Evidence-Based Programs Gender-Related Violence Interventions Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (Asia)

Author: KPMG Title: Too costly to ignore - the economic impact of gender-based violence in South Africa Summary: It is well documented that South Africa has one of the highest rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in the world. But until now what has been less well documented is the economic cost to society of these horrific and unacceptable levels of violence. We see the human cost of gender-based violence every day, but having a calculation of the national economic cost will serve as an important tool in our policy and advocacy efforts to end the suffering and injustice of this violence on a national level. We now know that, using a conservative estimate, gender-based violence costs South Africa between R28.4 billion and R42.4 billion per year - or between 0.9% and 1.3% of GDP annually. This report thus represents an important contribution to the fight against gender-based violence in South Africa Details: Johannesburg: KPMG South Africa, 2014. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 27, 2014 at: http://www.kpmg.com/ZA/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/General-Industries-Publications/Documents/Too%20costly%20to%20ignore-Violence%20against%20women%20in%20SA.pdf Year: 2014 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.kpmg.com/ZA/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/General-Industries-Publications/Documents/Too%20costly%20to%20ignore-Violence%20against%20women%20in%20SA.pdf Shelf Number: 133818 Keywords: Domestic Violence Economics of Crime Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women (South Africa)

Author: Rabey, Sarah Title: Outcome Evaluation of the Moderate Intensity Family Violence Prevention Program (MIFVPP) Summary: Diversion of abuse is essential in the protection of domestic abuse and assault victims. The Moderate Intensity Family Violence Prevention Program (MIFVPP) is a prison based intervention aimed at reducing subsequent violent behavior of inmates. The purpose of this evaluation is to examine the extent to which participation in MIFVPP is associated with lower rates of subsequent violent assault convictions. The data consists of offenders who exited prison or work release supervision by way of parole or sentence expiration from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2011. Offenders who successfully completed MIFVPP and closed supervision were included in the program participant group while offenders with a prior domestic abuse conviction who closed supervision during the timeframe and did not receive MIFVPP, were included in the comparison group. Eligibility for program participation is determined by court order and/or correctional staff discretion based on prior convictions, disclosure of domestic abuse behavior, and offender attitudes reflecting a desire to reduce abusive behavior. Staff discretion influences program placement and explains why not all inmates with domestic abuse convictions receive MIFVPP. Offenders were grouped in cohorts by the year in which they completed supervision. The data set drawn from the Justice Data Warehouse (JDW) consisted of 871 inmates, including 532 program participants and 339 non‐program participants. Recidivism was tracked from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2012 and defined as any new violent assault conviction (simple misdemeanor or greater) following an offender's supervision status end date. Recidivism was tracked one, two, and three years following prison exit. The summary of findings is below.  MIFVPP participants released on 2009 and 2011 had lower one‐year recidivism rates than the comparison group. o Recidivism rates for the 2011 MIFVPP participants were significantly lower than the comparison group (4.7% vs. 11.6%). o Recidivism rates for the 2009 MIFVPP participants were slightly lower than the comparison group but failed to reach statistical significance (2.3% vs. 3.7%).  The 2009 MIFVPP participants had significantly higher recidivism rates than the comparison group at two‐year recidivism (34.3% vs. 17.2%) and three‐year recidivism (43.4% vs. 22.4%).  The length of time between intervention completion and supervision closure did not influence recidivism for MIFVPP participants.  MIFVPP participants who were African American had significantly higher two‐year recidivism rates than the African American comparison group (26.2% vs. 13.2%). However, MIFVPP participants who were Caucasian and African American had similar rates of recidivism.  MIFVPP participants with the lowest two‐year rates of recidivism were between the ages of 30‐39 (25.0%) and over 50 (10.5%). Details: Des Moines, IA: Iowa Department of Human Rights, Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning, Statistical Analysis Center, 2013. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2014 at: http://www.humanrights.iowa.gov/cjjp/images/pdf/MIFVPP_Report_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.humanrights.iowa.gov/cjjp/images/pdf/MIFVPP_Report_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 133589 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (Iowa) Intimate Partner Violence Recidivism Violence Prevention

Author: Campo, Monica Title: Children affected by domestic and family violence: A review of domestic and family violence prevention, early intervention and response services Summary: This report sets out the findings of research into domestic and family violence (DFV) prevention, early intervention and response for children aged 0-8 years. The research was commissioned and funded by the NSW Department of Family and Community Services. It contributes to the development of the knowledge base on DFV prevention, early intervention and response strategies and the needs of children, and supports the implementation of aspects of the National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women and Their Children (National Plan) and the NSW Government's It Stops Here: Standing Together to end Domestic and Family Violence in NSW (It Stops Here) strategy. We acknowledge the need for holding perpetrators, not women and children, accountable for DFV, and the necessity of ongoing primary prevention of DFV addressing men, however as the key focus of this report is on prevention, early intervention and response strategies for children, it is beyond the scope of this report to engage in a detailed discussion of perpetrator programs or primary prevention activities targeting men. However, there is a further study, also commissioned by the Department of Family and Community Services, and undertaken by a team overseen by Professor Moira Carmody at the University of Western Sydney, that focuses on prevention targeting men and boys. The research had two areas of focus: synthesising the literature on the impacts of DFV on children, and on the evidence for primary prevention and early intervention strategies for children aged 0-8 years; and identifying best practice approaches for primary prevention, early intervention and response for children aged 0-8, and identifying the extent to which these needs are met within existing DVF primary prevention, early intervention, and response approaches in Australia. The research took place in conjunction with two other studies; a study examining DFV prevention initiatives for at-risk women, also conducted by AIFS, and a study that focused on primary prevention initiatives for men and boys. The latter study was conducted by a team at the University of Western Sydney led by Professor Moira Carmody. Details: Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2014. 127p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2014 at: https://www.women.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0014/300623/PDF-6_Final_Report_Children_affected.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://www.women.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0014/300623/PDF-6_Final_Report_Children_affected.pdf Shelf Number: 134020 Keywords: Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Early Intervention Programs Family Violence (Australia) Violence Against Women

Author: Messing, Jill Theresa Title: Police Departments' Use of the Lethality Assessment Program: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation Summary: Calling the police is one of the most commonly employed help seeking strategies by women in abusive relationships, though domestic violence services, safety planning and shelter are more often rated as helpful by survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and have been shown to be more effective at reducing subsequent violence. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to examine the effectiveness of the Lethality Assessment Program (LAP). The LAP is a collaboration between police and social service providers consisting of 2 steps. First, a police officer responding to the scene of a domestic violence incident uses a brief 11-item risk assessment (the Lethality Screen) to identify victims at high risk of homicide. Second, women that screen in as high risk based on the Lethality Screen are put in immediate telephone contact with a collaborating social service provider who provides them with advocacy, safety planning and referral for services. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the LAP would (1) decrease rates of repeat, severe, lethal and near lethal violence and (2) increase rates of emergency safety planning and help seeking. We also examined the predictive validity of the Lethality Screen, officers' implementation of the LAP with the appropriate victims of IPV and victim satisfaction with the police response. Study participants were recruited by police officers at the scene of domestic violence incidents (index event) in 7 participating police jurisdictions in Oklahoma. A non-intervention comparison group was recruited prior to the intervention start. During the comparison group phase, 440 women participated in a structured baseline telephone interview lasting approximately 45 minutes; 342 (78%) of these women would have screened in as high danger based on their scores on the Lethality Screen and were compared to those women who received the intervention (classified as the high violence comparison group). During the intervention phase, 648 women were interviewed; 347 (53.5%) of these women were screened in as high danger and spoke with a hotline counselor (classified as the intervention group). Follow-up interviews at a median of 7 months following the baseline interview were completed with 202 participants in the intervention group (58.21%) and 212 participants in the high violence comparison group (61.99%). At follow-up, the intervention group reported a significant decrease in the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2; Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1996) weighted frequency by severity score controlling for baseline differences between the intervention and high violence comparison groups. In addition, women in the intervention group reported using significantly more protective strategies both immediately after the index event (e.g., seeking services, removing/hiding their partner's weapons) and at follow-up (e.g. applying for and receiving an order of protection, establishing a code with family and friends). There was evidence that the Lethality Screen has considerable sensitivity (92-93%) and a high negative predictive value (93-96%) for near lethal and severe violence. However, the specificity (21%) and positive predictive value (13-21%) are low in these same analyses. During the intervention phase, the majority (61.6%) of women who screened in at high risk spoke to the domestic violence advocate on the phone, though this proportion differed by police jurisdiction and was partially dependent upon women's experiences of violence, prior engagement in protective actions and help seeking, and women's post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Finally, women who participated in the intervention were significantly more satisfied with the police response and were likely to report that the advocate was at least somewhat helpful. While additional research needs to be conducted, the LAP demonstrates promise as an evidence informed collaborative police-social service intervention that increases survivors' safety and empowers them toward decisions of self-care. Details: Unpublished Final Report to the U.S. Department of Justice, 2014. 109p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 10, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/247456.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/247456.pdf Shelf Number: 133930 Keywords: Crisis Intervention (U.S.) Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Police Response Victims of Domestic Violence

Author: Human Rights Watch Title: No Way Out: Child Marriage and Human Rights Abuses in Tanzania Summary: Four out of every 10 girls in Tanzania marry before they reach age 18. Some are as young as 7. Child marriage in Tanzania is driven by poverty and the payment of dowry, child labor, adolescent pregnancy, child abuse and neglect, as well as limited access to education and employment opportunities for women and girls. No Way Out: Child Marriage and Human Rights Abuses in Tanzania, is based on in-depth interviews with 135 girls and women in Tanzania. The report documents the detrimental impact of child marriage including the impact on girls' education, the increased exposure to sexual and reproductive health risks, and domestic violence by husbands and extended family members. It also shows how child labor and female genital mutilation are pathways to child marriage. Tanzania lacks a uniform minimum marriage age of 18 for both boys and girls. Gaps in the child protection system, the lack of protection for victims of child marriage, and the many obstacles girls and women face in obtaining redress compel them to endure the devastating and long-lasting consequences of child marriage. Human Rights Watch calls on the Tanzanian government to enact legislation setting 18 as a minimum marriage age and to take immediate measures to protect girls and women from child marriage and other forms of violence to ensure the fulfillment of their human rights, in accordance with Tanzania's international legal obligations. Details: New York: HRW, 2014. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 30, 2014 at: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/tanzania1014_forinsert_ForUpload.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Tanzania URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/tanzania1014_forinsert_ForUpload.pdf Shelf Number: 133882 Keywords: Child Marriage (Tanzania) Child Protection Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Human Rights Abuses

Author: Heisecke, Karin Title: Ending Violence against Women and Girls: The world's best laws and policies Summary: In 2014, the Future Policy Award celebrates laws and policies that contribute to ending one of the most pervasive human rights violations: violence against women and girls. One in three women worldwide suffers some form of violence in her lifetime. By restricting women's choices and limiting their ability to act, the persistence of violence against women has serious consequences for peace and security, economic development and poverty reduction. Thus, it hampers all efforts towards a future just society. International experts from academia, civil society and international organisations have nominated twenty-five policies from around the world which were implemented to improve the lives of women. Together, they reflect the broad scope of existing policy responses at local, national and transnational levels. It is important to acknowledge that violence against women and girls is both a cause and a consequence of gender inequality and, in order to end it, a transformation of gender relations towards a more gender just society is necessary. This cannot be achieved through any single law or policy: the winners of the Future Policy Award provide inspiration for specific "parts of the puzzle" of a range of policy measures that can together lead to an end of violence against women and girls. Our analysis and the Jury's decision on the winners have provided important insights into the key elements of best laws and policies in this field. We have summarised them in the section "key recommendations". Details: Hamburg, German: World Future Council, 2014. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2014 at: http://worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Future_Policy_Award/FPA_2014/fpa2014_brochure_en_final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: International URL: http://worldfuturecouncil.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Future_Policy_Award/FPA_2014/fpa2014_brochure_en_final.pdf Shelf Number: 133940 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Rape Sexual Violence Violence against Women and Girls

Author: Woodley, Alex Title: It's Not OK Campaign: Phase Three Summary: The Campaign for Action on Family Violence, the "It's not OK" campaign, is a community-based social marketing initiative that seeks to change the way New Zealanders think and act about family violence. In 2010 a new phase of the campaign began, looking at the practical things friends, whanau and families can do to keep each other safe. A new set of advertisements, 'cut-outs' was commissioned to encourage people to notice when things start to go wrong, and to support people to get the help they need. This research has been commissioned by Family and Community Services at the New Zealand Ministry of Social Development in order to understand whether, and if so how, attitudes and behaviours relating to the willingness, confidence and capacity to give and/or receive help have been influenced by the cut-out advertisements. In addition, this research aims to understand whether the It's not OK campaign has helped to support the conditions that encourage help giving and receiving. The research focussed on asking those who have given or received help or taken action after seeing the advertisements, to describe the dynamics of their actions e.g. what motivated them to take action, and what that help or action looked like. The data were collected using a combination of phone interviews and an online survey. Overall, the research found that recognition of the It's Not OK campaign is high, with 89 percent of those (603 of 677 people) who took part in the initial phase of the interviews and online survey indicating they had seen advertising about family violence in which the line "it's not OK" was said or shown. More than half of these (51% or 307 people) have taken steps or actions (however small) around family violence in their home, whanau/family or community. Much of this action is recent, with eight out of ten indicating their action had been undertaken in the three months prior to the interview or survey (i.e. since the beginning of Phase Three of the campaign). Details: Auckland, NZ: Point Research Ltd, 2011. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 12, 2014 at: http://www.areyouok.org.nz/assets/Document-files/research/Its-not-OK-phase-3-influence-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.areyouok.org.nz/assets/Document-files/research/Its-not-OK-phase-3-influence-report.pdf Shelf Number: 134059 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Interventions Family Violence (New Zealand) Media Campaigns

Author: Crinall, Karen Title: 'Safe at home' programs in the context of the Victorian Integrated family Violence Service System Reforms: A review of the literature Summary: Family violence is a leading cause of homelessness, poverty (FaCHSIA 2009, COAG 2010), preventable death, disability and illness for Victorian women aged 15-45 years (VicHealth 2004). Exposure to family violence is now widely recognised as a form of child abuse (Statewide Steering Committee 2005, FaCHSIA 2009). Family violence costs the Australian economy an estimated $13.6 billion per year (FaCHSIA 2009:34), if not effectively and appropriately addressed, the total cost in 2021-22 is estimated to be $15.6 billion (FaCHSIA 2009:36). Although domestic and family violence began to be taken seriously by Australian governments in the latter half of the twentieth century, a growing body of evidence revealed that prevalence was not decreasing. At the same time, there was recognition that the best interests of women and children experiencing this form of violence were not necessarily being well served (Rorke 2008). In response to calls from the family violence sector, the Victorian government embarked on a program of major legislative and service system reform by adopting a 'whole of government' approach to redressing family violence incidence and responding to the needs of affected women and children. The new approach to family violence involves integration of the Victorian family violence service system, and is guided by the goals of ensuring the safety of women and children and holding men who use violence accountable (see Green, ADFVC, record#170). This wide-ranging initiative represents a profound shift in the way government, police, judiciary and service providers respond to, and seek to prevent family violence. Enabling women to have the choice to remain safely within their own homes, rather than believing they must leave and seek refuge, is a key component in this reform program. Referred to here as 'safe at home', the strategy signifies a new direction in the way the family violence service system supports women and their children to escape family violence. This literature review was undertaken to develop a more complete understanding of 'safe at home' as a service system response, with a particular focus on its capacity to contribute to the Victorian reform goals of ensuring the safety of women and children and holding men who use violence against women accountable. The review examines 'safe at home' in the context of National and state family violence policy and practice initiatives. Specific focus is given to determining elements required for successful and effective implementation. The aims are to: - further understand 'safe at home' as an intervention strategy within the Victorian integrated family violence service system; - explore how the 'safe at home' strategy might contribute to enhancing the safety of women and children; - consider whether 'safe at home' interventions are able to hold men who use violence against women accountable; - to identify elements necessary for successful implementation of 'safe at home' programs. Key questions informing the review are: - How is 'safe at home' defined in policy and practice? - Is there evidence to indicate that 'safe at home' programs have enhanced the safety of women and children? - Is there evidence to suggest that 'safe at home' as a response is able to hold men who use violence against women accountable? - What is required for successful implementation of 'safe at home' programs? - What supports are necessary to enable women and children to stay in their home, if they prefer this option? Details: Melbourne: Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare, Monash University, University of Melbourne, 2014. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 18, 2014 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/safehomereview_with_covers.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/safehomereview_with_covers.pdf Shelf Number: 134139 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (Australia) Violence Against Women Violence Prevention Programs

Author: McLanahan, Sara Title: An Epidemiological Study of Children Exposure to Violence in the Fragile Families Study Summary: A large body of research shows that children raised in low-income families are exposed to more violence than children raised in high-income families, including neighborhood violence, domestic violence and parental violence, also referred to as 'harsh parenting.' Violence, in turn, is known to be associated with children's mental health and human capital development. This report summarizes what we have learned from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study about the prevalence, predictors and consequences of children's exposure to 1) neighborhood violence, 2) intimate partner violence (IPV), and 3) harsh parenting. By identifying violence as a threat to the public's mental health and recognizing the role of mental health challenges in increasing the risk for both victimization and perpetration of violence, the need to address violence in its varied forms becomes clear. Below are some of the over-arching action steps listed in the report that should be considered. Funding more research with diverse populations into the causes of violence Supporting policies to help vulnerable populations access mental health services, prevent violence, and improve cultural competency of mental health care providers Training and hiring more qualified people from vulnerable communities to be counselors and educators Coordinating care across different sectors -- including housing, education and workforce -- to reflect the interconnections between types of violence and the common stressors that increase risk Details: Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2014. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2014 at: http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2014/rwjf415091/subassets/rwjf415091_1 Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2014/rwjf415091/subassets/rwjf415091_1 Shelf Number: 134169 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Children and Violence Children Exposed to Violence (U.S.) Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Neighborhoods and Crime

Author: Tribal Law and Policy Institute Title: Promising Strategies: Tribal-State Court Relations Summary: Tribal courts and state courts interact across an array of issues, including child welfare, cross-jurisdictional enforcement of domestic violence orders of protection, and civil commitments. In Public Law 2801 (PL 280) jurisdictions, the concurrent jurisdiction of state and tribal courts over criminal prosecutions and civil actions arising in Indian Country creates even more interactions and complications. Tensions and misunderstandings have been common features of tribal and state court relations in the past, sometimes erupting in jurisdictional conflicts. The different cultures, legal traditions, political systems, histories, and economic positions of state and tribal courts have contributed to these challenges. Since the early 1990s, however, initiatives by judges' organizations within both judicial systems have focused on an agenda of greater mutual understanding and cooperative action. Individual judges and court systems have also taken up the challenge, devising innovative programs that sidestep conflict in the interests of common goals such as greater community safety and child protection. State court leadership and court improvement organizations, such as the Conference of Chief Justices and the National Center for State Courts, and funding agencies, such as the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) in the U.S. Department of Justice, have supported their undertakings. This publication spotlights some of the most successful strategies within these initiatives. The authors hope is that other tribes and states seeking to negotiate complicated relationships will discover new options for solutions and find inspiring stories of collaboration within this publication. Details: West Hollywood, CA: Trial Law and Policy Institute, 2013. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 20, 2014 at: http://www.walkingoncommonground.org/files/Promising%20Strategies%20Tribal-State%20Court%20Final%203-13.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.walkingoncommonground.org/files/Promising%20Strategies%20Tribal-State%20Court%20Final%203-13.pdf Shelf Number: 134175 Keywords: American Indians Child Welfare Court Systems Domestic Violence Indians of North America Judicial Systems Tribal Courts

Author: Houghton, Claire Title: Voice Against Violence: Young people's experiences of domestic abuse policy-making in Scotland Summary: This study, undertaken from a feminist and children's rights perspective, emerged from the growing body of literature on children's experiences of domestic abuse, the challenges of childhood studies and the opportunities arising out of the changed socio-political landscape of Scotland since devolution. It examines, with children and young people experiencing domestic abuse, their own solutions to improve help for children and young people, their perspectives on real and tokenistic participation in Scotland's policy-making and, their self-defined ethical and participatory standards to make sustained participation possible. Combining innovation in methodology and co-production of new knowledge with children and young people, the researcher contributes the three E's of Enjoyment, Empowerment and Emancipation to ethical principles focussing on safety, and recommends a new ethical approach to consent that recognises children's agency in their own lives and in deciding their own best interests. A Participatory Action Research Process over five years with 9 of the 48 young people, resulted in young people themselves becoming change agents to begin to tackle the issues that emerged from the wider study's qualitative first part, also action-orientated through children's political activism. For example, the lack of help, awareness and stigma attached to domestic abuse was tackled through their production of a public online awareness raising campaign and film; their critique of the previously most revered of services, Women's Aid specialist support, resulted in a multi-million fund and their analysis became the conditions of grant; the lack of respect for and inclusion of young people in policy-making they challenged through defining their terms of engagement which are explored here, sanctioned and legitimised by their emerging 'critical friendship' with Ministers. Unusually the young people participating in the study made a significant impact on Scotland's domestic abuse policy and practice, as well as repositioning children and young people in the democratic process. Details: Coventry, UK: University of Warwick, 2013. 400p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 23, 2015 at: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59089/1/WRAP_THESIS_Houghton_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59089/1/WRAP_THESIS_Houghton_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 131823 Keywords: Children and Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence (Scotland)

Author: Donnelly, Neil Title: The effect of liquor licence concentrations in local areas on rates of assault in New South Wales Summary: Aim: To investigate the relationship between liquor licence concentrations and assault rates in Local Government Areas (LGAs) in New South Wales. Method: Police, liquor licensing and socio-demographic data were analysed. Spatial regression analyses were conducted to measure associations between liquor licence concentrations and domestic violence (DV) and non-domestic violence (non-DV) assault rates. Results: The concentration of hotel licences in an LGA, particularly at higher density levels, was strongly predictive of both DV and non-DV assault rates. A similar, but slightly weaker, association was found for the concentration of packaged licences and DV and non-DV assault rates. On-premises concentrations also predicted DV and non-DV assault rates at the LGA level but, unlike hotel concentration effects, in this case there was no evidence of stronger effects at higher density levels. A significant relationship between DV assault rates and the concentration of clubs was also found, but the association between the concentration of clubs and the non-DV assault rate was not as strong. Conclusion: Regulatory authorities should be concerned about increases in liquor outlet density. In particular, increases in the density of hotels above Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2014. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, no. 181: Accessed February 26, 2015 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l2/cjb181.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/bocsar/m716854l2/cjb181.pdf Shelf Number: 134676 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia) Assaults Domestic Violence

Author: Thornley, Louise Title: What Works to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence and Elder Abuse? Summary: This paper synthesises research evidence on preventing intimate partner violence and elder abuse before violence occurs. Important messages from this review 1. A strong case supports the need for primary prevention International researchers agree that preventing violence before it occurs - primary prevention - is crucial and attainable (World Health Organization 2013, Bellis et al 2012, World Health Organization 2010, VicHealth 2007). Many countries, e.g. Australia and the US, are strengthening their focus on primary prevention. Intimate partner violence and elder abuse are major problems that harm families and whanau, individuals, and communities, as well as New Zealand's social and economic status. In light of the widespread and serious impacts, we cannot afford not to invest in preventing violence before it occurs (World Health Organization 2013 and 2010, Bellis et al 2012, VicHealth 2007). 2. Primary prevention is an emerging field with many promising practices Research on the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and elder abuse is in its early days, particularly for sexual violence and elder abuse. In New Zealand, most primary prevention programmes are not yet evaluated. Though we do not yet have all the answers, there is much we can do towards preventing violence before it occurs. Researchers say there are other grounds to support primary prevention while the field is under-evaluated - e.g. where programmes are theoretically sound, feasible, successfully implemented, and where they address known risk and protective factors (World Health Organization and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 2010, VicHealth 2007). Much promising work is underway locally and internationally which needs to be tested and expanded (World Health Organization 2013). 3. The prevention of complex problems takes time and requires cross-sector involvement The primary prevention field is evolving. It will require ongoing development and investment over time. Researchers stress that change in this area needs time; there is no quick fix (e.g. Quadara and Wall 2012, VicHealth 2012b, Casey and Lindhorst 2009, VicHealth 2007). Multi-faceted primary prevention programmes need be trialled for sufficient time to show results. This is better than implementing short-term programmes which address a single influence on violence. Cross-sector, multi-agency prevention is required to address the complex causes of and impacts on intimate partner violence and elder abuse. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, 2013. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2015 at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/action-family-violence/what-works-to-prevent-intimate-partner-violence-and-elder-abuse-25-09-2013-taskforce-meeting.pdf Year: 2013 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/initiatives/action-family-violence/what-works-to-prevent-intimate-partner-violence-and-elder-abuse-25-09-2013-taskforce-meeting.pdf Shelf Number: 135128 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Owens, Catherine Title: The Essex Body Worn Video Trial: The impact of Body Worn Video on criminal justice outcomes of domestic abuse incidents Summary: Some early evaluation work undertaken in England and Wales has shown promising evidence that body worn video (BWV) can increase the proportion of criminal justice (CJ) outcomes in domestic abuse (DA) incidents, but the findings were limited. The randomised controlled trial (RCT) reported in this paper tested the impact of BWV on the CJ outcomes for domestic abuse incidents in Essex. The intervention was the issuing of BWV to officers who provided first response to incidents of DA. In total, 80 officers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (to wear body worn video cameras) - 70 eventually wore the cameras - and 238 were randomly assigned to the control group (to not receive the cameras). Randomly assigning officers to the intervention group provides a strong basis on which to draw inferences regarding the effects of BWV. Over the four month period of the trial, 308 Essex response officers attended 30,480 incidents, of which 7,609 where domestic abuse incidents; 25% of all incidents attended. Of these, at least one officer wearing a body worn camera attended 2,761 incidents (36% of all domestic abuse incidents attended). The CJ outcomes of the DA incidents attended by treatment and control group officers were analysed - both at the incident and officer level, to see if there were any difference from the presence of a camera in the outcome of the incidents. In addition, an officer survey and officer interviews were conducted to understand why any changes in outcome may have occurred and context. It was not possible to obtain victims' views, or data about the involvement of the victims or witnesses at any stage in the investigation or prosecution. The trial did not look at potential impact of BWV on victim's feelings of fairness and confidence in the way the police handled the incident, or their views on progression of the incident through the Criminal Justice System using BWV footage. Results -- There was no significant difference between whether a camera was present or not in the rate at which incidents resulted in a sanction detection (SD). However, there was evidence to suggest that use of the camera affected the type of SD. A significantly higher proportion of incidents attended by at least one officer wearing a camera resulted in one or more criminal charges rather than another SD outcome (81% of the sanction detections were charges in the treatment group compared to 72% in the control group). This finding was supported by a 5% difference in the mean for individual officer charging rates in the two groups (75% vs 80%), which although not statistically significant2 matches the pattern of findings from incidents. There was no evidence to suggest the cameras work differently for different types of officer, victim or area. However, the presence of the camera increases the probability of an individual being charged (as opposed to other forms of detection), at all risk levels graded by the control room, but the effect was most noticeable for the lower risk cases. There were no differences in incidents being recorded as crimes, or rates of arrest, and too few cases to identify impact on guilty pleas and sentencing at this time. The intention of the trial was to test the impact of BWV on CJ outcomes for DA incidents, but low usage of the cameras by officers may have had a large effect on the CJ outcomes explored in this trial. During the trial, only one in six officers surveyed reported using the camera for all DA incidents, as required by policy, and there were significant practical limitations with the equipment. This trial shows an impact of BWV in its complex 'real world' setting that enables an understanding of when and for whom it is effective. This study was, therefore, an effectiveness study, not a study of how BWV could work in ideal settings - which would need translating to the context to which it is applied. This distinction is important because interventions that lead to significant improvements in 'ideal' settings do not necessarily deliver the same results in the 'real world'. This trial found that BWV was not used as it was intended, but a difference was still seen. One explanation for the charging results could be the effect of expectations of being part of a trial, but the officer interviews and survey gave an insight into the reported difference the cameras made to their response to DA incidents. Officer Experience -- Half of those officers interviewed stated an increased confidence in getting convictions with the cameras, as they felt the cameras gave more detail than a statement could capture. The evidence, interviewed officers reported, was especially useful if it was a recording of the initial account, as it would often capture emotion and any injuries - more accurately reflecting the impact of the incident. An added benefit of the cameras was that often victims reportedly gave a great deal of information about the incident, or appeared when the officers arrived at the scene with visible injuries or clearly emotional, that they felt provided useful evidence at a later stage, particularly for evidence led prosecutions. The interviewed officers' comments all support the increased proportion of charges found. Officers interviewed felt the cameras increased accountability and made them more mindful of their behaviour. While some comments suggested officers' would be more likely to arrest than to take any other action with BWV, this was not found in the results, perhaps because of the force's prior focus on positive action, which officers usually took to mean arrest. They explained a risk aversion to inaction, and how this was amplified by the cameras. There was a feeling they would have to justify action or rather inaction to anyone looking at the footage. However, the strongest message from the survey and interviews was that the cameras had practical limitations, including failure to record, recording at the wrong angle, difficulties switching it on/off and not working in poor lighting, as well as being bulky so difficult to wear were often given as a reason officers stopped using the equipment. Details: Ryton-on-Dunsmore, UK: College of Policing, 2014. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 2, 2015 at: http://college.pressofficeadmin.com/repository/files/BWV_Report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://college.pressofficeadmin.com/repository/files/BWV_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 135131 Keywords: Body-Worn Cameras Domestic Violence Law Enforcement Technology Police Accountability Police Behavior Police Performance Video Technology

Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords and House of Commons Title: Violence against women and girls. Sixth Report of Session 2014-15 Summary: We undertook this inquiry to examine the United Kingdom's progress towards ratification of the Istanbul Convention. In doing so, we have heard how domestic violence transcends races, religions, communities and cultures. The scale, pervasive nature, and seemingly cross-cultural ignorance, of violence against women and girls is deeply troubling to us. Overall we think the UK is in a good position to be able to ratify the Istanbul Convention. The Home Secretary has shown personal commitment to this. Only one legislative change regarding jurisdiction is necessary in order to ratify, although several changes in practice are required to fulfil the Convention's positive obligations. Our key concern is that the Inter-Ministerial Group has insufficient powers. In addition, we have more focused concerns as set out below. We heard a great deal of evidence regarding the importance of education as part of preventing violence against women and girls. We recommend that the Government urgently prioritises prevention programmes. Prevention programmes need to be targeted and specific to communities and victims, based on evidence. We also recommend that all schools could, and should, play a greater role in tackling cultural attitudes through a requirement to teach issues surrounding gender equality and violence. This would also help prevent the use of unacceptable cultural justifications for such crimes across British culture. We heard evidence about the importance of specialist local services to victims of violence against women and girls. In January 2014, we heard assurances from the Prime Minister that the Government is happy to look at points raised by women's organisations regarding locally delivered women's services. However, witnesses told us a different story. We are concerned that devolving decisions about provision to local authorities has left women with specific needs unable to access vital help. We found that it was often those most in need and in the most vulnerable positions that were least well served. We recommend that the Government adopt a national co-ordinating role for the provision of specialist support services. The Government has introduced an amendment to the Serious Crime Bill which would create a specific criminal offence for psychological or coercive control. We are not convinced that the creation of an offence alone will result in a change of culture and we recommend that the Government consider a campaign to raise awareness of the issue and a review of training for professionals within the Criminal Justice System if Parliament creates this new specific offence. We also have concerns regarding how victims of such an offence would provide the evidence required to qualify for civil legal aid and are further concerned that the Government's Universal Credit roll-out has not sufficiently addressed the concerns of women's organisations regarding the vulnerability of victims of domestic violence: financial control is a component of coercive control. We are also troubled to hear of the prevalence of unacceptable justifications for crimes, including crimes committed in the name of so-called 'honour'. We believe this occurs in many cultures in Britain, and the Government has not done enough to tackle this. Education is a key preventative tool that the Government is not using effectively. We recommend that a standalone inquiry into these crimes is necessary. HMIC's finding that police forces responding to calls concerning domestic violence collected inadequate evidence was worrying. We also heard about the devastating or fatal impact resulting from inadequate response or risk assessment. It is the responsibility of the police to ensure they do all in their power to protect and assist those at risk. We heard particular concerns regarding victims with insecure immigration status, asylum seekers or refugees. These women and girls are often overlooked. Immigration policy isdeveloped separately from policy about violence against women and girls. We urge the Government to address the gap in service provision for women with insecure immigration status and to review the use of the detained fast track process for victims of violence against women and girls. Finally we call on the Government to prioritise ratification of the Istanbul Convention by putting the final legislative changes required (regarding jurisdiction) before this Parliament. Details: London: The Stationery Office Limited, 2015. 102p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2015 at: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/uploads/Pdfs/VAWG.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/uploads/Pdfs/VAWG.pdf Shelf Number: 135539 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence (U.K.) Family Violence Honor Crimes Victim Services Violence Against Women Violence Against Women (U.K.) Violence Against Women and Girls

Author: Towns, Alison Title: "It's About Having Control Back, Freedom from Fear": An evaluation of Shine safe@home programme for victims/survivors of domestic violence Summary: This report provides details of an evaluation of the Shine safe@home programme implemented during the period 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. The safe@home programme is targeted towards those victims/survivors of domestic violence who experience repeat victimization and who are at high risk of serious assault or death, with a view to decreasing future victimization. The programme secures the home and provides advocacy services to victims/survivors who have made the decision to keep the person who has used domestic violence out of their home. Outcomes in the first year indicate very positive changes for clients of the programme and their children. The data from 54 clients who received the pre- and post-security upgrade assessment between the 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2013 were analysed for the impact of the safe@home programme on them and their children. Twenty-four clients recruited from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2014 were interviewed some months after the safe@home security upgrade to determine whether changes were maintained in the long term. Key findings concerning the impact of safe@home on adult clients' safety: - Ninety percent of the 54 clients for whom pre- and post-security upgrade data was collected had been physically assaulted by the perpetrator prior to their engagement with the safe@home service. Many victims had experienced multiple physical assaults with 34% (14 of the clients) reporting they had been assaulted more than 25 times during the course of their relationship. At the post-upgrade assessment only one of the 54 clients reported having experienced a further assault. - Prior to safe@home 80% of the 54 clients reported experiencing damage to their possessions and damage to the house from the offender whereas no clients reported such damage after the safe@home security upgrade. - Of the 54 clients 28% reported experiencing an incident from the offender that made them afraid after the safe@home security upgrade and there were some reports from clients after the safe@home security upgrade of stalking behaviours. - There were marked improvements in how safe these 54 clients felt following safe@home compared to the clients who reported on how safe they felt prior to the security upgrade. - Of the 24 clients interviewed for long-term follow up information only one reported an assault that occurred following the safe@home security upgrade and while the programme was still in place. This assault occurred away from the home. - Of these 24 clients 46% had experienced an incident that made them afraid following the security upgrade and while the programme was in place and 63% had experienced unwanted contact or stalking following the security upgrade and while the programme was in place. For most clients, these experiences appeared to reduce or stop altogether following police and court action. Key findings concerning the impact of the safe@home programme on adult clients' quality of life: - Of the 54 clients, 85% had to move house due to the offender's actions prior to safe@home but after safe@home none had to move house. - Close to 40% of these clients had to leave property behind prior to safe@home when moving house but none of them had to after safe@home due to there being no moves. - Approximately two thirds of clients out of 31 reported being prevented by the offender's actions from obtaining employment and more than a third out of 31 from undergoing educational courses at the pre-safe@home security upgrade. At the post-security upgrade assessment no clients out of 23 reported being prevented from obtaining employment and only two clients out of 23 clients reported that they left educational courses due to the offender's actions. - At the pre-safe@home security upgrade assessment approximately 40% of 52 clients reported the violence they experienced involved serious and/or potentially life-threatening injuries. No clients reported receiving any injuries following the security upgrade. - Clients reported improvements in sleep, self confidence, concentration or memory, anxiety or panic attacks, depression, alcohol or drug intake, and happiness after the security upgrade. Key findings relating to the adult victims' children's safety and quality of life were: - At the pre-safe@home security upgrade assessment, 72% of 43 clients with children said that their children had been hurt by the offender whereas no clients reported that their children were hurt by the offender after the security upgrade. No assaults on children were reported by the 22 adults who had children and who were interviewed months after the security upgrade. - Prior to the safe@home programme 28% of 109 children were reported by adult clients to be involved in an assault while being physically held, 64% were reported by these adults to have witnessed an assault and 64% were reported to be in fear of the offender. After the safe@home security upgrade, no child was reported to be involved in an assault while being held, 3% were reported to have witnessed an assault and 29% were reported to be in fear of the offender. - There were improvements in the number of these children reported to show trauma symptoms, problems at school and issues with eating and clinging behaviours. Details: Auckland, New Zealand : Mt Albert Psychological Services, 2014. 222p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2015 at: https://library.nzfvc.org.nz/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=4680 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: https://library.nzfvc.org.nz/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=4680 Shelf Number: 135730 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Trimboli, Lily Title: Persons convicted of breaching Apprehended Domestic Violence Orders: their characteristics and penalties Summary: Aims: To describe the characteristics of those found guilty of breaching an Apprehended Domestic Violence Order (ADVO) in NSW in 2013 and the principal penalties they received. Method: BOCSAR's Criminal Courts database provided information regarding the demographic characteristics of, and penalties imposed on, a cohort of 3,154 offenders found guilty in NSW in 2013 of breaching an ADVO as their principal offence. BOCSAR's Re-offending Database provided data regarding the number of proven court appearances in the preceding five years for a cohort of 5,023 persons with a court appearance in 2013 involving at least one proven breach ADVO. Results: Of 3,154 persons who were found guilty of breaching an ADVO as their principal offence, most were male (87.7%) and entered a guilty plea (84.6%). About one in five (22.5%) received a bond without supervision (average length=14 months) as their principal penalty; 17.8 per cent were fined (average amount=$432); 15.7 per cent received a bond with supervision (average length=16 months) and 12.4 per cent were given a custodial sentence (average length=4 months). Of 5,023 persons with a court appearance in 2013 involving at least one proven breach ADVO offence, 22.2 per cent had no proven court appearances in the preceding five years; 53.3 per cent of offenders had at least one prior proven violent offence (the main categories were assault and stalking); and 28.7 per cent of offenders had at least one prior proven breach ADVO offence. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2015. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper no. 102: Accessed May 21, 2015 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/bb102.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/bb102.pdf Shelf Number: 135742 Keywords: Court Orders Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Repeat Offenders Restraining Orders

Author: Meima, Yolanda Title: An evaluation of a New Zealand safe@home service: Using a crime prevention approach to enhance the safety and overall well-being for high risk victims of domestic violence Summary: Numerous women have left their homes in their attempt to stop the violence used against them by their partner and potentially saving their lives. Mothers often move into a safe place, taking their offspring with them. Despite the leavers being the victims or the ones who are wrongly harmed, leaving their homes often goes unchallenged and indeed, encouraged by others. Safe at home models work on the premise that victims of domestic violence should have the right to choose whether they want to remain in their homes, be able to do this safely and have the support of community and government organisations. Such models are informed by Routine Activity Theory (RAT), a crime prevention approach, vary in design and have been implemented and operating over recent decades in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. The safe@home service evaluated in this research is unique to New Zealand and has been provided since late 2008 by Safer Homes in New Zealand Everyday (Shine), a non-government agency that works to reduce domestic abuse. The study has two parts that include qualitative data and quantitative analysis. This project involved a review of over 100 pre and post-service questionnaires that clients of Shine's safe@home service completed prior to the service and within 1 - 3 months following the service, and interviews with 10 of these clients at least 12 months after the service. Sixty four clients' self-assessed pre and post-service questionnaires were fully completed and analysed, showing that 97% of these clients had substantial reductions in their level of fear; with equivalent improvements in their quality of life and whom reported major changes in many aspects of their lives. The data was then ranked and grouped according to those least and most satisfied with the service. Five clients from each group were the research participants and interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse and report on patterns or themes within the data collected from these in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interview data found that contrary to concerns in the literature regarding the safety for women who remain in their homes, the women and children in this study were able to continue to live free from violence in their homes. The interviews included the participants rating of their and their children's level of fear of their ex-partner experienced prior to the service and currently. Again there were huge reductions from pre-service levels, with the reduction continuing over the period from post-service levels right up to the time of the interview. Despite some on-going abuse by their former partners, previously successful attempts to break into their homes now proved fruitless. Other topics covered in this research study include their current quality of life and well-being, relationships with others, study and work, social activities and their future aspirations. A discussion about the role of counselling for the participants and their children is provided along with the influence of discourses as identified by the participants. Recommendations on how the Shine's safe@home service can be improved is based on the suggestions made by the participants and the research findings. Details: Auckland: UNITEC New Zealand, 2014. 142p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2015 at: http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2476/Yolandas%20Meima.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2476/Yolandas%20Meima.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Shelf Number: 135758 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women Violence Prevention

Author: Kesete, Nisan Zerai Title: Destitution Domestic Violence Concession - Monitoring Research Report Summary: In the UK, many migrant women who are victims of domestic violence have insecure immigration status and some have the restriction of 'no recourse to public funds' even when they have a valid leave to stay in the county. The No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) rule is a condition attached to a residence permit in the UK, showing that a person who is subject to immigration control or without secure immigration status has no entitlement to most welfare benefits, tax credits or housing assistance measures that are paid by the state. This rule applies to many migrants including those on spousal or partner visas, people on student visas and their dependants, people on work visa and their dependants, refused asylum seekers and over-stayers. The NRPF restriction, therefore, has made it very difficult for many women who are victims of domestic violence to leave abusive situations. In most cases these women are forced to either remain in the abusive relationship or face destitution. Since 1992, Southall Black Sisters (SBS), a women's organisation working for and with ethnic minority women, have led an extensive national campaign calling for reforms to the immigration rules and the NRPF requirement so that women experiencing violence are not facing the stark choice between abuse, deportation and destitution. Following this campaign, in 1999, the Government announced a concession, the Domestic Violence rule, to allow those on spousal or partner visa and whose relationship has broken down as a result of domestic violence, to obtain Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) if they can prove that the relationship actually broke down due to domestic violence. Although this concession was a positive step forward, in terms of solving the immigration side of the problem, it still did not address the problem of destitution as the women concerned continue to have to find ways of supporting themselves financially as they remain under the NRPF rule whilst applying and waiting for an ILR decision to be made. To address this problem the Government set up the Sojourner pilot project in November 2009, a project run by Eaves, to provide financial support to those fleeing domestic violence while applying for ILR under the DV rule. In April 2012, a new scheme, the Destitution Domestic Violence (DDV) Concession scheme replaced Sojourner, mainstreaming the financial support provided to those applying for ILR under the DV rule. Following the introduction of the DDV Concession scheme, Eaves obtained funding from Unbound Philanthropy to monitor the implementation of the scheme and to provide training to professionals who work with women using the Concession across the UK. The DDV Concession scheme monitoring research project focused on four key areas: - Regularising immigration status through the scheme - Accessing financial support and benefits through the scheme - The support needs of women and the organisations supporting them through the DDV Concession scheme - Providing recommendations for future policy and practice. Details: London: Eaves For Women, 2013. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 4, 2015 at: http://i2.cmsfiles.com/eaves/2013/12/DDV-Concession-Scheme-Monitoring-Report-Final-f14013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://i2.cmsfiles.com/eaves/2013/12/DDV-Concession-Scheme-Monitoring-Report-Final-f14013.pdf Shelf Number: 135891 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Immigration Policy Intimate Partner Violence Migrants Violence Against Women

Author: Boxall, Hayley Title: Domestic violence typologies: What value to practice? Summary: When domestic violence was first recognised as an issue of societal significance in the 1970s, it was conceptualised and described as a quite homogenous offence perpetrated by a homogenous group of offenders (Capaldi & Kim 2007; Dixon & Browne 2003). In the traditional scenario, a male offender victimised their female partner in order to control and dominate her, perpetrating a series of violent and abusive acts that escalated in severity and frequency over the course of the relationship (Cavanaugh & Gelles 2005). Traditional understandings of domestic and family violence have also focused on relationship 'dysfunction' and understanding why women 'choose' to stay in relationships with their violent partners. However, over the last 25 years, understanding of domestic violence has changed significantly. People experience and are affected by domestic violence in different ways and the reasons underpinning domestic violence also differs between individuals and across relationships (Capaldi & Kim 2007; Huss & Langhinrichsen-Roling 2000; Johnston & Campbell 1993; Kelly & Johnson 2008; Lohr et al. 2005). Consequently, some commentators suggest that it is 'plausible that offender's behaviour is best described by categories' rather than at an overall, aggregate level (Dixon & Browne 2003: 109). The re-conceptualisation of domestic violence as a more heterogeneous phenomenon has been in part influenced by the growing number of theoretical and empirical domestic violence typologies such as those outlined in Table 1 (Johnson & Ferraro 2000). Typologies are a means of classifying or categorising subject matter into groups and aim to simplify 'social reality by identifying homogenous groups of crime behaviour that are different from other clusters of crime behaviours' (Miethe, McCorkle & Listwan 2006: 1). Generally speaking, the domestic violence typologies that have been developed to date have attempted to identify groupings of domestic violence offences, or of domestic violence perpetrators (male or female; Wangmann 2011). As demonstrated in Table 1, domestic violence typologies have typically differentiated between groups of offenders and incidents on a number of factors, including: the gender of the offender; frequency and severity of the violence; type of violence (physical, emotional, sexual etc); motivations/underlying causes of the violence; physiological responses of offenders to different stimuli; presence of personality/psychopathic/antisocial disorders and symptoms; and whether the violence is confined to intimates or includes non-intimates. While domestic violence typologies have been important for the development of more in-depth and sophisticated conceptualisations of domestic violence, their relevance and implications for practice is unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the practical utility of domestic violence typologies for professionals who are directly responsible for responding to and managing domestic violence matters (eg police officers, legal representatives, domestic violence service providers and treatment practitioners). At this point, it is necessary to differentiate between domestic violence typologies and domestic violence risk assessment processes. The purpose of risk assessment processes is to assist practitioners to 'predict' or assess the likelihood of a domestic violence offender perpetrating similar abuse and violence in the future, or the severity of the offending escalating (Campbell, Webster & Glass 2009, Laing 2004). Domestic violence typologies are broader in scope than risk assessment processes, although as highlighted in later sections of this paper, they could potentially be used to inform the development of risk assessment processes. Domestic violence typologies involve the differentiation between groups of domestic violence offenders and offences on the basis of a set of evidence-based (either theoretical or empirical) criteria. These criteria inform the assessment of not only the individual's likelihood of offending in the future, but also the reasons underpinning their violent and abusive behaviours, the nature of their offending and (potentially) their responsiveness to certain types of treatment. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 494: Accessed July 13, 2015 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi494.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi494.pdf Shelf Number: 135991 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Boxall, Hayley Title: Identifying first-time family violence perpetrators: The usefulness and utility of categorisations based on police offence records Summary: Since emerging as an issue of social and political importance in the 1970s, it is now well established that family violence is one of the most prevalent and costly (personally, socially and economically) forms of violent crime in Australia (ABS 2013; Mouzos & Makkai 2004; McPhedran & Baker 2012; People 2005) and internationally (Jewell & Wormith 2010; Sartin, Hansen & Huss 2006; Tjaden & Thoennes 2000). Correspondingly, a large and expanding body of research has attempted to understand and explain the occurrence of family violence, with a view to preventing and minimising its incidence in the future. Within the literature, there has been consistent interest in the group of offenders hereafter referred to as 'first-time family violence perpetrators'; that is, family violence perpetrators (FVPs) who do not have a history of being violent or abusive towards their current or past intimate partners prior to the 'index' (first) offence. Interest in this group of FVPs is founded on consistent evidence that suggests that first-time FVPs are less likely than those with a more extensive offending history to reoffend (Hamilton & Worthen 2011; Trujillo & Ross 2005; Waaland & Keeley 1985) and are more likely to complete and benefit from treatment (Babcock & Steiner 1999; Daly & Pelowski 2000; Gover et al. 2011; Jewell & Wormith 2010). This is primarily because the behaviours and attitudes of this group of FVPs are not as 'entrenched' as those of other FVPs and so may be less stable and more susceptible to modification and affected by external influences, such as contact with the criminal justice system and treatment programs (National Crime Prevention 1999). Consequently, there is understandable interest among professionals who are responsible for responding to family violence matters to accurately identify first-time FVPs. Identification provides criminal justice and treatment agencies with an opportunity to intervene early in what could be - if ignored or not prioritized - a significant and long-term violent criminal career (National Crime Prevention 1999). By intervening early and attempting to address the underlying causes of the violent behaviour, individual offenders may be diverted away from a criminal career that would have significant and negative consequences for their intimate partners, families and the community more broadly (COAG 2010). While there are a number of ways family violence (also referred to as spousal assault, domestic violence, intimate partner violence and wife battering) has been defined in Australia and overseas, for the purpose of this paper, the definition provided under s 7 of the Family Violence Act (2004) (Tas) has been used. This definition was used primarily because the data used for this study was extracted from Tasmanian data collection systems. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2015. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 487: Accessed July 13, 2015 at: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi487.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi487.pdf Shelf Number: 136009 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Angus, Christopher Title: Domestic and Family Violence Summary: Domestic and family violence, aptly described as "intimate brutality", is an all too common crime in NSW, as it is in Australia generally. Nowhere is free of this crime, no country, city or region. Owing to lack of reporting by victims its true prevalence is unknown, but existing statistics show that a significant proportion of Australians, primarily but not exclusively women, suffer violence at the hands of a partner. Tragically, according to Linda Burney, NSW Labor's Deputy Leader, in the western region of NSW the prevalence of domestic and family violence is "past a state of emergency". Reducing domestic and family violence is once again on the agenda in NSW and the rest of Australia. This is evident from the awarding of the 2015 Australian of the Year to Rosie Batty, herself a survivor of such violence. Some key findings in the paper include: - Nearly 1.93 million Australians over the age of 15 years have experienced violence at the hands of a current or previous partner; - In 2010, 69.2% of NSW domestic assault victims were female and 30.8% were male; - Domestic and family violence contributes to death, ill health and disability amongst women aged under 45 more than any other factor; and - The NSW economy lost $4.5 billion as a result of domestic and family violence in 2011. As in any public policy debate, a key issue relates to the question of resources. Good intentions and legal or administrative reforms are one thing. Will they be backed by sufficient resources for women's refuges, legal and referral services for victims, and educational programs for perpetrators? For victims of domestic and family violence there is an urgent need to act on the practical issues at stake. Details: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service, 2015. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing Paper No. 5/2015: Accessed July 13, 2015 at: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/F7B7BE950DA7A1D6CA257E3B00811722/$File/Domestic%20and%20Family%20Violence%20Briefing%20Paper.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/F7B7BE950DA7A1D6CA257E3B00811722/$File/Domestic%20and%20Family%20Violence%20Briefing%20Paper.pdf Shelf Number: 136015 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Gilchrist, Liz Title: Roles of Alcohol in Intimate Partner Abuse Summary: is little available evidence relating to the measurement of alcohol use in IPV relationships (McMurran & Gilchrist, 2008). This mixed-method, multi-phase project aimed to unpick some of the complicated roles that alcohol appears to have in intimate partner abuse. The study did not set out to focus on male to female abuse but the data available resulted in this being the focus. The mixed-method design comprised three phases: Phase 1 involved secondary data, incorporating statistical analysis of cases from Strathclyde Police's databases which provided details of almost a quarter of a million police call-outs to domestic incidents. Phase 2 involved 80 quantitative interviews with three groups who were termed as follows; the 'convicted' (male prisoners - including both those convicted of domestic offence and general offenders'), the 'conflicted' (mainly female clients of agencies dealing with domestic issues - comprising those who might be considered as 'victims'/survivors of domestic problems), and the 'contented'(male community football players - envisaged to be experiencing general population levels of relationship conflict). All three groups received the same questionnaire pack which included three validated screening tools that assess alcohol and/or violence risk, specifically The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), The Alcohol Related Aggression Questionnaire (ARAQ) The revised Conflict Tactics Inventory (CTS2) (Phase2); (Phase3). Phase 3 involved semi-structured one-to-one digitally recorded qualitative interviews with a subset of the prisoner group who had completed the questionnaire pack from Phase2. The police records phase indicated that most domestic call-outs involved alcohol use in some way (usually with the accused being recorded as 'under the influence'), with alcohol often being noted at more serious cases (those resulting in a crime being recorded, or physical violence). In the questionnaire phase, screening tool scores indicated high levels of risky alcohol use, alcohol-related aggression, and partner conflict among prisoners. Partner conflict, but not alcohol use, was also high amongst the agency clients. The qualitative interview phase indicated a high rate of problematic alcohol use in prisoners' family backgrounds, and conscious awareness of the effects of alcohol use in enabling violent behaviour and criminality. Also that participants considered alcohol to have a direct effect on their behaviour and did present alcohol as an exculpatory factor, sometimes. However multiple roles by which alcohol use may influence partner conflict were reported (not just intoxicated violence) including male entitlement to drink and alcohol spend harming limited family budgets. There were clear indications that cultural, sub-cultural, familial and contextual influences on gender and alcohol use were intertwined, for example that when women were drinking they were held more accountable for any relationship conflict (victim blaming), whilst if men were drinking they were held to be less accountable (accused excusing). We conclude that alcohol is a correlate of domestic abuse and thus does need to be addressed. The high levels of alcohol consumption in our convicted sample, and relationship conflict in our conflicted and convicted samples suggests that joint intervention might be appropriate for those experiencing relationship conflicts. However the strong beliefs in a direct causal effect of alcohol, and strong culturally shaped and gendered beliefs about men and women's drinking also demands that alcohol is addressed not as an individual risk factor but in terms of alcohol expectancies, related beliefs and as a gendered issue. Details: London: Alcohol Research UK,2014. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2015 at: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0117.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://alcoholresearchuk.org/downloads/finalReports/FinalReport_0117.pdf Shelf Number: 136087 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Great Britain. Crown Prosecution Service Title: Violence against Women and Girls Crime Report, 2014-2015 Summary: The CPS developed a Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) strategy, not only as a result of the importance the Service places on improving prosecutions of these crimes and supporting victims, but also in recognition of the United Nations, Council of Europe and End Violence Against Women Campaign initiatives and as part of the cross-government VAWG strategy (the cross-government VAWG narrative and action plans are available from the Home Office website. Our commitment to this work is reflected in the fact that CPS includes Violence Against Women and Girls in its key priorities. This section provides links to policy and guidance reports on Violence against Women and prosecution performance information. It includes VAWG work in relation to: domestic violence; forced marriage; honour-based violence; female genital mutilation; rape and sexual offences; prostitution; trafficking; child abuse; and pornography In recognising these forms of violence against women and girls, the CPS does not neglect abuse directed towards men or perpetrated by women. Male victims will receive the same access to protection and legal redress and the gender of the perpetrator does not make any difference to the CPS approach to bringing offenders to justice. Details: London: CPS, 2015. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 20, 2015 at: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2015.pdf Shelf Number: 136102 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Female Genital Mutilation Honor-Based Marriage Human Trafficking Pornography Prostitution Rape Sexual Violence Violence against Women, Girls

Author: Swatt, Marc L. Title: Summary Report: Latino Intimate Partner Homicide Summary: Within the past three decades, 16.3% of all homicides have been committed by intimate partners (Cooper & Smith, 2011). While Latinos are now the largest minority group, very little is known about intimate partner homicide (IPH) among this group. Thus, the purpose of this project was to determine the rates, characteristics, and trends of Latino IPH in comparison to White and African-American IPH. The four goals were: 1. Determine the rate of Latino, non-Latino White, and non-Latino Black IPH from 2005 to 2010 in 16 states. 2. Analyze the characteristics of Latino IPH and how they compare with characteristics of non-Latino White and non-Latino Black IPH. 3. Determine the unique characteristics of IPH compared to homicide in general by racial/ethnic group. 4. Determine how rates of Latino, non-Latino White, and non-Latino Black IPH changed from 2005 to 2010. Details: Final Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2015. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 23, 2015 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248887.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248887.pdf Shelf Number: 136135 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homicide Intimate Partner Violence Latinos Violence Against Women

Author: Wells, Lana Title: Preventing Domestic Violence in Alberta: A Cost Savings Perspective Summary: Recent studies show that Alberta has the fifth highest rate of police reported intimate partner violence and the second highest rate of self reported spousal violence in Canada, and despite a 2.3 percent decline over the last decade, the province's rate of self-reported domestic violence has stubbornly remained among the highest in Canada; rates of violence against women alone are 2.3 percentage points higher than the national average. In fact, every hour of every day, a woman in Alberta will undergo some form of interpersonal violence from an ex-partner or ex-spouse. Besides the devastating toll that domestic violence has on victims and their families, the ongoing cost to Albertans is significant. In the past five years alone it is estimated that over $600 million will have been spent on the provision of a few basic health and non health supports and that the majority of this cost ($521 million) is coming out of the pockets of Albertans in the form of tax dollars directed at the provision of services. Fortunately, investment in quality prevention and intervention initiatives can be very cost effective, returning as much as $20 for every dollar invested. Recent research on preventative programming in the context of domestic violence shows promising results in reducing incidents of self-reported domestic violence. The economic analysis of this preventative programming suggests that the benefits of providing the various types of programming outweighed the costs by as much as 6:1. The potential cost savings for the Alberta context are significant; the implementation of these preventative programs has been estimated to be approximately $9.6 million while generating net cost-benefits of over $54 million. Domestic violence is a persistent blight, and continues to have a significant impact on individuals and families in Alberta, but potent tools exist to fight it. This brief paper offers a cogent summary of its costs, and the benefits that could be reaped by investing in quality prevention and intervention programs, making it essential reading for policymakers and anyone else prepared to use them. Details: Calgary, AB: University of Calgary, School of Public Policy, 2012. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: SPP Research Papers, 2012: Accessed July 24, 2015 at: http://www.canadianwomen.org/sites/canadianwomen.org/files/PDF--domestic-violence-alberta.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Canada URL: http://www.canadianwomen.org/sites/canadianwomen.org/files/PDF--domestic-violence-alberta.pdf Shelf Number: 136148 Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Lazenbatt, Anne Title: Older Women's Lifelong Experience of Domestic Violence in Northern Ireland Summary: Although domestic violence in the second half of life is a common experience for approximately 15% of women aged over 55 years, little research has been given to the specific coping strategies of older women, who are experiencing, or have experienced domestic violence throughout their lifetime. Service providers and policy makers often assume that violence stops at age 55 and there is a noticeable lack of literature, research and policy guidelines on the issue. The greatest challenge for policy makers is that abuse remains hidden, with women remaining silent and finding it difficult to speak openly or seek help. This exploratory study aims to address this gap by giving older women a 'voice' through applying a theoretical model of 'sense of coherence' (SOC) or 'wellbeing' to their lived experience of domestic abuse. The main aims of the study were to increase our knowledge and understanding regarding domestic violence against older women in Northern Ireland, by allowing older women themselves to speak about their lifelong experience of living and coping with violence and abuse; and to increase our understanding of the views and experiences of professionals and service providers working to support older women experiencing domestic violence. The stories and narratives conveyed in this study provide a powerful picture of the lifelong domestic violence experienced by older women and how they make sense of their violent experiences. The major findings from the study highlight how their 'wellbeing' is weakened by living in a domestically abusive context. The required self-esteem and confidence that enables individuals to exercise control and make choices conducive to their wellbeing appeared to be different in the context of domestic violence compared to other contexts. Key findings from the research indicate that older women are less likely to seek help due to social expectations and a lack of specialist services for older victims, and that they are more likely to resort to misusing alcohol and prescription drugs in order to cope, with significant consequences for their mental and physical health. Psychological abuse had the strongest impact on their physical and mental health such as long-term depression and anxiety (94%), the use of psychoactive medication (100%), and the likelihood of becoming a heavy drinker and experiencing alcohol dependence (22%). The findings suggest that depression through the lifecourse may play some role in increasing the chance of becoming a victim of interpersonal violence, and may make it even harder to leave an abusive relationship. The majority of women revealed significant difficulty with coping and seeking help. Economic dependence and family support were cited as the most significant barriers to seeking support, or leaving an abusive relationship. Respondents cited serious lack of support from their GPs and the Police, as Police, as well as a lack of supportive programmes or settings that would allow them to 'tell their stories' safely and in private. Complicating service delivery for older women was the artificial boundaries that have been created in the service sector. Protective service systems designed for elders have few methods for dealing with domestic violence among older women, while women viewed domestic violence shelters as being unfamiliar with ageing issues and the special needs of older women, such as dealing with chronic illness, disabilities, or alcohol dependence and very few had separate programming targeting this group. Professional's failure to identify the abuse that women are suffering in later life is related to assumptions that domestic violence does not exist for this age group, through sexism or ageism. There is a need for greater professional awareness and support services that cater for the additional needs of older women as their physical health deteriorates. Development of services, support groups, and community outreach specifically suited to the needs and desires of older women who experience domestic violence is vital, such as the use of preventive health care which would allow GPs the opportunity to screen and make referrals during routine, non-emergency checkups. Professionals in all service sectors must more fully understand the help-seeking barriers that older victims face. To this end, the research community is challenged to replace myths and stereotypes about the nature and prevalence of DV among older people with research-based knowledge. Our findings have specific implications regarding psychological interventions for older women suffering domestic violence. First, the development of adaptive salutogenic coping strategies could promote psychological adjustment and, in consequence, encourage seeking of solutions to the abusive relationship. In particular, supporting women to reduce negative coping strategies could ameliorate the negative impact of violence on women's mental health and wellbeing, whereas the implementation of secondary control strategies, such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, acceptance, and positive thinking, could strengthen older victims of abuse. Details: Belfast: Queen's University, 2010. 100p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 136238 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Family Violence Violent Against Women

Author: Flavahan, Louise Title: Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, the National Research Council, and the Uganda National Academy of Sciences Summary: Globally, between 15-71 percent of women will experience physical and/or sexual abuse from an intimate partner at some point in their lifetime. Too often this preventable form of violence is repetitive in nature, occurring at multiple points across the lifespan. The prevalence of intimate partner violence is on the higher end of this spectrum in East Africa, with in-country demographic and health surveys indicating that approximately half of all women between the ages of 15-49 in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania having experienced physical or sexual abuse within a partnership. It is now widely accepted that preventing intimate partner violence is possible and can be achieved through a greater understanding of the problem; its risk and protective factors; and effective evidence-informed primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. To that end, on August 11-12, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention, in a collaborative partnership with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop focused on informing and creating synergies within a diverse community of researchers, health workers, and decision makers committed to promoting intimate partner violence-prevention efforts that are innovative, evidence-based, and crosscutting. This workshop brought together a variety of stakeholders and community workers from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania to engage in a meaningful, multidirectional dialogue regarding intimate partner violence in the region. Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. Details: Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2015. 108p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 29, 2015 at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21756/preventing-intimate-partner-violence-in-uganda-kenya-and-tanzania-summary Year: 2015 Country: Africa URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21756/preventing-intimate-partner-violence-in-uganda-kenya-and-tanzania-summary Shelf Number: 136241 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Bloomfield, Sinead Title: An outcome evaluation of the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme (IDAP) and Community Domestic Violence Programme (CDVP) Summary: Two Domestic Violence interventions were delivered by the National Probation Service: the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme (IDAP) and the Community Domestic Violence Programme (CDVP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of these two interventions in reducing three categories of reoffending (any offence, core violence and domestic violence) during a two year follow up period. The sample consisted of 6,695 offenders referred to either IDAP or CDVP between January 2002 and April 2007. A total of 4,537 had at least started IDAP or CDVP and formed the treatment group; a total of 2,158 had never started IDAP or CDVP and formed the control group. Key findings - The results indicated that both IDAP and CDVP were effective in reducing domestic violence and any reoffending in the two-year follow up period with small but significant effects; IDAP also produced significant small effects in reducing core violence reoffending. - A difference of 13.2 percentage points was observed between those who received treatment and those who did not for any reoffending across both programmes (13.3 for IDAP and 12.7 for CDVP). - A difference of 10.9 percentage points was observed for domestic violence reoffending across both programmes (11.0 for IDAP and 9.6 for CDVP). - A difference of 6.5 percentage points was observed for core violent reoffending across both programmes (7.1 for IDAP and 2.6 for CDVP, although the difference for CDVP was not significant). - For those participants who did go on to reoffend, those who received treatment took significantly longer to reoffend than the control group. - A difference of 1.3 months was observed between those who received treatment and those who did not for any reoffending across both programmes (1.3 months for IDAP and 1.8 for CDVP). - A difference of 0.9 months was observed for domestic violence reoffending across both programmes (0.9 months for IDAP and 1.8 months for CDVP). - A difference of 1.1 months was observed for core violent reoffending across both programmes (1.0 for IDAP and 0.9 for CDVP). Details: London: National Offender Management Service, 2015. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Analytical Summary: Accessed July 30, 2015 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/449008/outcome-evaluation-idap-cdvp.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/449008/outcome-evaluation-idap-cdvp.pdf Shelf Number: 136270 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Interventions Reoffending Violence Against Women

Author: Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria Title: Specialist Family Violence Services: The Heart of an Effective System Summary: DV Vic welcomes the opportunity created by the Royal Commission into Family Violence to interrogate and strengthen the family violence system in Victoria. We believe that a stronger, more effective system will improve the safety and well-being of women and children experiencing family violence and reduce the incidence of serious harm through more effective and earlier interventions. It would also address the social and structural causes of violence against women through community prevention and policy and legislative reforms for gender inequality. There is little doubt that a comprehensive review of the Victorian family violence sector is urgently required. Notwithstanding the well-acknowledged and serious limitations on accurate family violence data, the available statistics paint a dire picture of the prevalence of family violence in Victoria. There were 68,134 police incident reports in 2014, an increase of 82.2 per cent since 2010. Over 25,104 women and children sought help from homelessness services in 2013-14 as a result of family violence. Contacts to family violence services report dramatic increases, community legal services are unable to meet the increasing demand for family violence-related matters, and the national referral and counselling service is unable to meet demand, reporting over 18,000 calls going unanswered this year. And this is a very partial reflection of the true extent of family violence. It does not capture self-referrals to family violence services, women who do not require homelessness services nor the numbers of women who haven't been in contact with any services about family violence. Unsurprisingly, the family violence system - specialist family violence services, legal services, the police, the courts, corrections, child protection - is struggling to cope under the weight of this unprecedented and growing demand. As community awareness about family violence increases, so do the pressures on the system to provide safety and future security for those experiencing it. There is reasonable community expectation that the family violence system is able to provide timely and effective responses but the evidence is overwhelming to show that it currently cannot. DV Vic does not believe that this is evidence of a system that is 'broken', rather it reflects a system that has evolved and adapted over decades in response to the growing and changing needs of women and children experiencing family violence, in the absence of a coherent and consistent policy platform and appropriate funding. Despite this, the family violence sector has achieved some significant reforms and built capacity in skills and practice to meet the increasing demand for services which should not be disregarded by the Commission. That said, DV Vic is acutely aware of gaps, barriers and concerns about the ways the family violence system responds to the safety and long-term well-being of women and children. In particular we recognise that there is a gaping hole in relation to perpetrator accountability across the system. However, we argue that the important and innovative sectoral reforms developed through the comprehensive and collaborative processes from 2002-2010 under the previous Labor government are not disregarded. These reforms were not fully implemented, being sidelined a by the incoming Coalition government. In our view, it is critical that these reforms are used as the basis to build future reforms of the system. That reform process involved a collaborative critical examination of the system and generated a variety of strategies to address identified gaps and barriers. DV Vic believes that these strategies remain highly pertinent to the work of the Royal Commission. Details: Melbourne: Domestic Violence Victoria, 2015. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2015 at: http://www.rcfv.com.au/getattachment/F655224B-FC9A-4F22-B7E5-63A720BA6FE1/Domestic-Violence-Victoria---02 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.rcfv.com.au/getattachment/F655224B-FC9A-4F22-B7E5-63A720BA6FE1/Domestic-Violence-Victoria---02 Shelf Number: 136365 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Victims of Family Violence Victims Services

Author: Fleming, Paul J. Title: Engaging Men and Boys in Advancing Women's Agency : Where We Stand and New Directions Summary: Despite advances in gender equality, women and girls still face disadvantages and limits on their agency. Men and boys can be key stakeholders and allies to increase women's agency. This paper focuses on examining men's attitudes and behaviors related to gender equality and violence perpetration to better understand how to engage men and boys as. It uses data collected from men and women from eight countries (Bosnia, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Mexico, and Rwanda) as part of the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES). There is wide variation across countries in men's support for gender equality, equal roles for men and women, and acceptability of violence against women. Key findings of this investigation include: 1) that in most countries male perpetrators of violence are more likely to be depressed or engage in binge drinking than non-perpetrators; 2) that witnessing one's mother being abused by a partner is one of the strongest predictors of ever perpetrating violence, suggesting that efforts should focus on breaking the intergenerational transmission of norms and violence; 3) that being involved with violent fights generally is a significant predictor of ever perpetrating violence, suggesting that programs and policies reducing violence generally may also have an effect on violence specifically against women; and 4) that a majority of men is willing to intervene upon witnessing violence against a woman, and men who do not support violence against women, are not violent generally, and who are aware of laws prohibiting violence against women are more likely to intervene. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2013. 83p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 14, 2015 at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/16694/825340WP0Engag00Box379862B00PUBLIC0.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2013 Country: International URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/16694/825340WP0Engag00Box379862B00PUBLIC0.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 136399 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Brooks, Oona Title: Dual reports of domestic abuse made to the police in Scotland: A summary of findings from a pilot research study Summary: This research summary highlights findings from a pilot study that used Scottish police data to undertake exploratory analysis of 'dual reports' of domestic abuse. Dual reports occur when both parties in a relationship are reported to the police as perpetrators of domestic abuse at the same time. This means that both partners are reported simultaneously as the perpetrator and the victim of domestic abuse. Dual reports present a particular challenge to both conventional understandings of domestic abuse and the police response to these offences. The pilot study examined the nature of dual report incidents, how common they are, and how the police respond to these incidents. Details: Dundee: Scottish Institute for Policing Research, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, 2015. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: SIPR Research Summary No: 23: Accessed August 14, 2015 at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Research_Summary_23.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Research_Summary_23.pdf Shelf Number: 136411 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Police Policies and Practices Police Response

Author: Robinson, Amanda Title: Development of the Priority Perpetrator Identification Tool (PPIT) for domestic abuse Summary: Our previous research into serial domestic abuse indicated the importance of shared multi-agency understanding when it comes to identification of and responses to the most serious forms of domestic abuse. Our last report, published in November 2014, questioned the prevailing assumption that serial abusers should be the focus of enhanced targeting and intervention, and instead recommended developing perpetrator-focussed responses that take into account serial alongside repeat and high-risk offending. Specifically, we recommended the development of a consistent definition and monitoring/flagging process for priority perpetrators. Informed by extensive experience and research indicating the efficacy of multi-agency responses to domestic abuse, we embarked on a project to create a Priority Perpetrator Identification Tool (PPIT), incorporating serial, repeat and high-risk offending into a single tool with input and agreement across relevant agencies (e.g., Police, Criminal Justice and Third Sector). The intention is for the PPIT to complement and draw upon other existing tools (e.g., DASH for victims, OASys and SARA for perpetrators) so that agencies can reliably identify those individuals whose offending behaviour requires priority action. The development of this tool represents the first stage of establishing a more robust identification and referral pathway for priority domestic abuse perpetrators in Wales. This report documents the development and consultation process which was undertaken January-March of this year to create the PPIT. Findings Based on the evidence collected from the consultation (n=15 participants in the stage one stakeholder event and n=25 participants in the stage two online survey), there appears to be a high level of support amongst both operational and strategic agency representatives (from a range of agencies in Wales and elsewhere in the UK), for a tool to assist with the identification of those committing the most serious and harmful forms of domestic abuse. It is noteworthy that an overwhelming majority of respondents felt that the ten items in the PPIT captured the most important aspects to consider, and the brief guidance accompanying the tool was largely fit-for-purpose. Despite the complexities of what is involved, the majority view is favourable to implementing the PPIT. Implications The PPIT is envisioned as an instrument to be used to trigger an intervention, rather than an intervention itself, and aims to support the identification of a commonly recognised priority cohort of individuals which will be the focus of the collective efforts all partners. Concept and planning work is already underway to address the 'what comes next' question raised by many of those involved in the consultation process. To maximise its efficacy and potential to be a reliable and useful tool for frontline use across a range of agencies, we recommend further testing of the PPIT. Further research is needed to assess the range of policy and practice implications likely to result from the implementation of the PPIT. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Cardiff Centre for Crime, Law and Justice, 2015. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2015 at: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/75006/1/Robinson%20%26%20Clancy%20%282015%29%20Development%20of%20the%20Priority%20Perpetrator%20Identification%20Tool%20%28PPIT%29%20for%20Domestic%20Abuse.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/75006/1/Robinson%20%26%20Clancy%20%282015%29%20Development%20of%20the%20Priority%20Perpetrator%20Identification%20Tool%20%28PPIT%29%20for%20Domestic%20Abuse.pdf Shelf Number: 136494 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Payton, Joanne Title: Motivating respect: A Welsh intervention into youth-perpetrated domestic abuse Summary: This report tackles the emerging issue of domestic abuse perpetrated by adolescents, explored through the experiences of Gwent Domestic Abuse Service (GDAS), a charity founded in 2003, providing support to both the perpetrators and victims of domestic abuse, delivered with a whole family approach. Domestic violence perpetrated by people under the age of 18 is an emerging problem, with violence and abuse directed towards parents and carers being a particularly prevalent but ignored issue, although violence against partners/ex-partners, siblings and peers are also found in Wales and may be under-recognised. So far, interventions to challenge abusive behaviour have overwhelmingly focussed upon adults. GDAS's pilot targeting young people is innovative, based on one-to-one encounters primarily using the techniques of Motivational Interviewing. These techniques are labour-intensive but allow for pro-active and tailored approach to young people's behavioural issues. GDAS's interventions are well-received by referring agencies and in much demand, particularly with regard to the emerging issue of the abuse of parents and carers in Wales. There is scope for development through securing reliable funding to underwrite and extend this much-needed service, and to provide additional in-house support to victims in line with GDAS's 'whole family' approach. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Cardiff University, 2015. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 19, 2015 at: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72876/1/Payton%20%26%20Robinson%20%282015%29%20Motivating%20Respect.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72876/1/Payton%20%26%20Robinson%20%282015%29%20Motivating%20Respect.pdf Shelf Number: 136495 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Juvenile Offenders Violence Against Women Violent Juvenile Offenders Youthful Offenders

Author: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Title: Screening for domestic violence during pregnancy: options for future reporting in the National Perinatal Data Collection Summary: Domestic violence (DV), defined in this paper as 'acts of violence that occur between people who have, or have had, an intimate relationship' is a leading preventable contributor to death, disability and illness for women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years). Pregnancy is as an important time for screening for DV. It presents an opportunity to identify DV, as many women will have contact with health-care services and professionals on a regular basis during the antenatal period. Estimates indicate that around 5% of women (aged 18 and over) experience violence during pregnancy from their previous or current partner. The risk of DV has been found to be higher in pregnant women and in the period following birth, posing serious health risks to both pregnant women and their babies. There is known under-reporting of DV due to its complex and sensitive nature (including patients' reluctance to report) and underidentification by health workers. Data on DV in pregnancy in Australia are currently poor and inconsistent across jurisdictions, with variations in what is collected and in methods of collection. An opportunity exists to collect higher quality data through the National Perinatal Data Collection (NPDC), which includes data about every woman who gives birth in Australia. These data are important for population level surveillance and for clinical care and outcomes; they can also contribute to researching the association of DV with other maternal and perinatal outcomes. Seeking to improve national data on DV in pregnancy is also timely, in light of the Prime Minister's Advisory Panel on Violence against Women, established in 2015. The AIHW's National Maternity Data Development Project (NMDDP) aims to enhance the collection of nationally consistent data in the NPDC. As part of the NMDDP, this paper was developed as a guide to the issues that need to be considered in deciding whether and how to collect DV data in the NPDC. The data development process included a literature review, investigation of current approaches in Australia, a discussion paper, a national workshop, and consultation with a working party. It was found that screening for DV - a process to identify victims of violence or abuse in order to offer interventions that can lead to beneficial outcomes - in the antenatal period already occurs in most Australian jurisdictions. This may be structured or unstructured, and the results of screening are not necessarily recorded in data systems. Potential approaches to obtaining national data in the NPDC include: - develop and implement a minimum set of standard questions, based on the questions currently in use across jurisdictions - seek to implement a nationally consistent screening approach by encouraging all midwives to use a recommended validated DV screening tool - maintain a flexible screening approach consistent with the National Antenatal Care Guidelines that enables screening in different ways for different populations. It is recommended that before national data standards are developed for the NPDC, pilot testing and further consultation be conducted to determine the best way to achieve high-quality data, while gaining acceptability among clinicians and mothers. Details: Canberra: AIHW, 2015. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 20, 2015 at: http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129551954 Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129551954 Shelf Number: 136501 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Pregnant Women Violence Against Women

Author: Australia. Senate Finance and Public Administration References Committee Title: Domestic violence in Australia Summary: In 2013, the World Health Organisation found that more than one third of all women have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence and that these findings show it is a 'global public health problem of epidemic proportions requiring urgent action'. In Australia, women are over-represented in intimate partner homicides. 89 women were killed by their current or former partner between 2008-10 which equates to nearly one woman every week. However, in 2015, the statistics to date shows that this number is increasing with two Australian women killed by domestic violence each week. Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) notes that data from the 2012 Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Safety Survey shows that one in three Australian women have experienced physical violence and Australian women are most likely to experience physical and sexual violence in their home at the hands of a male current or ex-partner. The most commonly reported reason for seeking assistance from specialist homelessness services was domestic and family violence. A study of Victorian women demonstrated that domestic violence carries an enormous cost in terms of premature death and disability. As VicHealth stated: 'It is responsible for more preventable ill-health in Victorian women under the age of 45 than any other of the well-known risk factors, including high blood pressure, obesity and smoking'. In addition, more than one million children in Australia are affected by domestic violence which can leave them with serious emotional, psychological, social, behavioural and developmental consequences. The committee acknowledges that the cost of domestic and family violence is great in terms of lives lost, the effects on children, physical and mental health, employment, risk of homelessness and financial security. The economic cost is also substantial with a 2009 study by KPMG finding that violence against women, including domestic violence, cost the nation $13.6 billion and this was expected to reach $15.6 billion in 2021-22 if steps were not taken. The committee heard there are a broad and complex range of social and personal factors that can contribute to the incidence and severity of domestic and family violence. These include gender inequality, social norms and attitudes as well as exposure to violence, social isolation, relationship conflict, income, divorce or separation and the use of alcohol and drugs. The committee is particularly concerned by the statistic that alcohol is involved in up to 65 per cent of family violence incidents reported to police (see chapter 10). The terms of reference referred to the prevalence of domestic violence as it affects vulnerable groups including 'women living with a disability' and 'women from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander backgrounds'. The committee recognises these are not the only vulnerable groups which also include culturally and linguistically diverse, non-English speaking new and emerging migrant communities, people experiencing mental health issues, people in same sex relationships, transgender and intersex persons. The committee recognises that there is no silver bullet to stop domestic and family violence. Rather, a coherent, strategic and long term effort by all levels of governments and the community is required to take effective action. The committee heard the areas which will make a real difference are: - understanding the causes and effects of domestic violence (chapters 1 and 2) - the need for cultural change which involves prevention work to change attitudes and behaviours towards women (chapter 6); - a national framework and ensuring ongoing engagement with stakeholders (chapter 3); - early intervention measures (chapter 7); - effective data collection to ensure programs and policies for women, their children and men are evidence-based (chapters 4 and 5); - coordination of services (chapter 8); - more information sharing between stakeholders (chapter 8); - better legal responses/enforcement to hold perpetrators to account (chapter 9); - sufficient and appropriate crisis services (chapter 8); and - providing long term support to victims of domestic and family violence (chapter 10). Work in these areas is underway and it will take time to see the effects of this work flow through. The long term nature of this challenge is recognised in the National Plan to reduce Violence against Women and their Children which spans the period 2010-2022. Over the course of the inquiry the committee spoke to many people working in the sector, policy and law makers, victims, as well as people in the community who have been appalled at the unacceptable toll domestic and family violence has taken in women and children's lives. The committee was heartened by their view that there is the beginning of a genuine shift in attitudes on violence and also the will to fund, educate and resource the programs, services and victims of domestic and family violence. Details: Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. 208p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2015 at: http://apo.org.au/files/resources/senate_finance_and_public_administration_references_committee/56741-domestic_violence_in_australia.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/resources/senate_finance_and_public_administration_references_committee/56741-domestic_violence_in_australia.pdf Shelf Number: 136572 Keywords: Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Western Australia. Office of the Auditor General Title: A Measure of Protection: Management and Effectiveness of Restraining Orders Summary: Public and personal safety are issues of major significance to the community. For some time the community has been expressing concern about a perceived deterioration in safety and doubts have been raised about the effectiveness of restraining orders as a method of ensuring individual safety. The Restraining Orders Act 1997 has now been in place for five years and it is timely to look at how effectively it has been implemented and whether it affords the community a measure of protection. Restraining orders are court orders designed to prevent acts of violence or misconduct by requiring a person to behave in certain ways, such as to maintain a prescribed distance from the applicant. A restraining order is worded to fit particular circumstances and breaching the terms of an order can result in a fine or imprisonment. Restraining orders were first introduced in Western Australia in 1982 as an amendment to the Justices Act 1902 to deter breaches of the peace. However, over time it became apparent that there were a number of inadequacies in the use of restraining orders, including overuse of orders, inappropriate use of orders where alternative options may be more effective, difficulties with the serving of orders, and inconsistency in addressing breaches. A review of restraining orders was undertaken in 1995 and resulted in the Restraining Orders Act 1997. The new Act introduced two forms of order: violence restraining orders to deal specifically with incidents of personal violence, and misconduct restraining orders to address other non-violent forms of public nuisance such as damage to property. This dichotomy was intended to give greater priority to violence restraining orders. This examination focuses on the management and effectiveness of restraining orders. In particular, the examination uses the information gathered during the then Ministry of Justice evaluation of the 1997 Act, carried out in December 1998, as baseline data to make a comparative study of applications for restraining orders before and after the introduction of the Act. None of the evaluation's 33 recommendations for changes to legislation and regulation have been fully implemented across the State. Although restraining orders are not a stand-alone solution, they can and do work effectively within existing resources in some districts and regions of the State, but only if there is appropriate support and coordination. This is demonstrated by the coordinated approach used in the Geraldton and Armadale regions. On the whole, however, the flaws and variations in the system render the orders relatively ineffective for the protection of victims of violence. The Act has been in place for five years and yet restraining orders are not demonstrably more effective in the protection of victims of violence. Details: Perth: Western Australia Auditor General, 2002. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Report No. 5: Accessed August 26, 2015 at: https://audit.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/report2002_05.pdf Year: 2002 Country: Australia URL: https://audit.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/report2002_05.pdf Shelf Number: 136592 Keywords: Court Orders Domestic Violence Restraining Orders Victims of Family Violence

Author: Wilson, Denise Title: The People's Blueprint: Transforming the way we deal with child abuse and domestic violence in New Zealand Summary: People have a basic right to live free from violence. To continue to allow violence to occur in families/ whanau, the fabric of our society, is unjust and unfair. Janice's story illustrates the ways violence and abuse in families is hidden under a veil of secrets, silence, stigma and shame - because of this it continues to fester in our families and communities. The People's Report, based on 500 people's stories, brought to our attention that seeking help for abuse and violence for many women and children puts them at risk of further harm. New Zealand can no longer continue to respond to family violence by treading carefully around its edges. Those affected by family violence must carefully navigate their daily lives to keep themselves and their children safe. Many are not successful and are seriously harmed or killed. Many people told us that they were likely to encounter disrespectful and unhelpful people working in the system supposed to help and protect them. They said they were re-traumatised in numerous ways while seeking help. At the same time, many people living or working with those affected by family violence do not get involved. Instead they choose to avoid the conflict and tension associated with responding. Family violence seems to "sew people's lips, eyes, and ears shut and turns them to stone." People often know that abuse is occurring in their homes, their neighbourhood, or when they are out and about in their communities. Their hearts and minds tell them it is not right, but often they do not know what to do. Instead, as The People's Report confirms, most are likely to do either little or nothing. Actively responding to the plight and desperation of children, women and men affected by family violence is essential if we are to keep them safe, and importantly, prevent serious harm or death. People affected by family violence, and those helping, need to have trust that the system, its processes and services designed to address this problem, will help them. They need to have trust that seeking help will not make their violence and abuse worse, and re-traumatise them. The People's Report provides evidence that many people in New Zealand have poor understanding about child abuse, domestic violence, and the violence that happens in many families/whanau. This includes government officials, policy-makers, legislators and those working in family violence services for children, women and men. This lack of knowledge and understanding permits child abuse and domestic violence to thrive. Details: Auckland, NZ: The Glenn Inquiry, 2014. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 31, 2015 at: https://glenninquiry.org.nz/uploads/files/The_Peoples_Blueprint_Electronic_Final.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: https://glenninquiry.org.nz/uploads/files/The_Peoples_Blueprint_Electronic_Final.pdf Shelf Number: 136623 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Migliore, Connie Title: Intervention Orders and the Intervention Response Model Report 1. Process Evaluation Summary: On 9 December 2011, the new Intervention Orders (Prevention of Abuse) Act 2009 commenced in South Australia and reformed existing laws for the restraint of domestic and personal violence. In particular, the new Act repeals the Domestic Violence Act 1994 and parts of the Summary Procedure Act 1921. The new Act provides police and courts powers to issue intervention orders to protect people from abuse. Key features of the new Act include: - Broader definitions of abuse and domestic relationships; - Improved police powers to intervene; - Special arrangements for victims and witnesses in court; - Notification requirements to relevant public sector agencies; and, - The ability to mandate a defendant to take part in an intervention program. The associated IRM has been developed as a mandatory referral pathway for suitable defendants. It consists of a 24-week group program aimed at stopping domestic violence, and a complementary support service for the partners or ex-partners of program participants. The Office of Crime Statistics and Research has been contracted by the Attorney-General's Department to evaluate the implementation and operation of intervention orders and the IRM. The evaluation is being conducted in three phases over a two-year period from June 2012 to June 2014. This document provides the results of the first phase. It is based on the first nine months of operation of the initiative, and includes: - A description of the number and type of orders issued; - A description of IRM throughput and operation; - A description of the characteristics of defendants and protected persons; and, - A summary of whether or not the model is operating as intended, including any barriers to successful implementation or operation. The report is based on quantitative data collected by relevant agencies, and qualitative data collected from interviews with key stakeholders, intervention order defendants, and protected persons. Details: Adelaide: South Australian Attorney-General's Department, 2013. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 5, 2015 at: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/Intervention_Order_Evaluation_Report_1.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ocsar.sa.gov.au/docs/evaluation_reports/Intervention_Order_Evaluation_Report_1.pdf Shelf Number: 136704 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intervention Programs Protection Orders

Author: Napier, Sarah Title: Who goes to prison for breaching an Apprehended Domestic Violence Order? An analysis of police narratives Summary: Aim: To identify the situational and offender characteristics associated with prison sentences for Apprehended Domestic Violence Order (ADVO) breaches. Method: Case narratives from police incident reports of ADVO breach incidents in NSW were analysed. Two samples were examined: (1) breach incidents where the offender involved was imprisoned (n=250) and (2) breach incidents where the offender involved received a non-custodial sentence (n=250). The nature of the breach and the characteristics of persons involved in these two breach samples were compared using descriptive data and logistic regression models. Results: The majority of ADVO breaches in both samples involved male to female offending in spousal/ex-spousal relationships, occurred in the victim's house and involved face-to-face contact. Compared with offenders in the non-prison group, a higher proportion of offenders who received a custodial penalty for the breach ADVO matter were male, Indigenous, had 5 or more prior court appearances (including prior offences for domestic violence (DV), assault and breach ADVO), had 3 or more prior prison penalties and had breached two or more conditions of their order. Breaches resulting in prison also had a higher proportion of matters involving physical assault, property damage, psychological aggression and parties who had a history of violence. After controlling for other factors, the following factors were independently associated with imprisonment for ADVO; the offender's gender, prior imprisonment, prior proven DV offence, history of violence, involvement of physical assault in the breach, victim/offender relationship and residing with the victim. Conclusion: The profile of offenders who receive imprisonment for a breach ADVO offence is significantly different from those who receive a non-custodial penalty for these offences. The nature of the breach and the circumstances surrounding the event also vary for matters where prison is imposed for an ADVO breach. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2015. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper no. 107: Accessed September 14, 2015 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report_Apprehended_Domestic_Violence_Order_bb107.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report_Apprehended_Domestic_Violence_Order_bb107.pdf Shelf Number: 136748 Keywords: Court Orders Domestic Violence Family Violence Restraining Orders Violence Against Women

Author: Parker, Imogen Title: A link in the chain: The role of friends and family in tackling domestic abuse Summary: A link in the chain examines the role of informal networks (friends, family, colleagues and neighbours) in minimising domestic abuse. Despite the harm domestic abuse causes, victims struggle to acknowledge and disclose what's happening to them and seek support. They face complex personal and practical barriers to admitting abuse and accessing help, as their lives are often intricately intertwined, in terms of emotions, networks and resources, with that of the perpetrator. As individuals struggle to proactively seek help, many victims remain invisible to services, never accessing effective support. Few victims engage with police or specialist services, with abusive relationships escalating, going unrecognised and undiscussed, sometimes for years. Victims can become increasingly isolated, making the gap to trained specialist services (helplines, refuges, police or health professionals) yawn large. Friends and family can be a key link in the chain to leaving abuse behind, as these are the individuals most likely to be aware of abuse early on. Informal networks can offer help by encouraging victims to reach out to specialist services or the police (acting as a conduit), or by offering practical and emotional aid themselves (supporter), from bolstering self-esteem to providing somewhere to stay. However, informal networks face complex barriers to engaging: they may struggle to recognise abuse, and feel ill-equipped to intervene, fearful of causing problems or nervous about intruding. This report argues that to successfully minimise abuse, policy and practice must consider the social context of abusive relationships, to equip and support friends and family who may be aware of abuse. We consider how social and professional networks can help bridge the gap between victims and specialist support. This report draws on new primary data to explore: 1.what barriers prevent victims speaking up about abuse, and how these can be overcome 2.how we can widen the net of people aware and involved in aiding victims of abuse, whilst ensuring those supporters feel confident and able to engage safely and appropriately 3.what structures need to be in place to ensure there is emotional and practical specialist support in place following disclosure, both for the victim and supporter Details: London: Citizens Advice, 2015. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2015 at: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/policy/policy-research-topics/crime-and-justice-policy-research/a-link-in-the-chain-the-role-of-friends-and-family-in-tackling-domestic-abuse/ Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/policy/policy-research-topics/crime-and-justice-policy-research/a-link-in-the-chain-the-role-of-friends-and-family-in-tackling-domestic-abuse/ Shelf Number: 136994 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Victim Services Victims of Violence Violence Prevention

Author: Callaghan, Jane E.M. Title: Understanding Agency and Resistance Strategies (UNARS): Children's Experiences of Domestic Abuse Summary: Children who experience domestic violence between their parents, or other adults at home, are not just passive observers. They are profoundly impacted by violence and coercive behaviour at home, and they find complex, creative ways to manage and cope with these experiences. This is a key finding of the research project 'Understanding Agency and Resistance Strategies - Children in Situations of Domestic Violence', which today has published its final project report. This two year project, funded by the European Commission and led by Dr. Jane Callaghan at the University of Northampton, is the largest qualitative study of children's experiences of domestic violence conducted to date. Researchers in Greece, Italy, Spain and the UK interviewed 110 children and young people who had experienced domestic violence, focused on how they experienced the violence, and how they found ways to manage their experiences. Using the insights gained from this research, the team developed a group-based therapeutic intervention to support children to build on their existing strengths and coping strategies. The intervention aims to help the young people develop resilience and a positive sense of self, as they recover from living with domestic violence. The UNARS researchers argue that we should challenge passive images of children who experience domestic violence has been skewed by media coverage and images, which portray them as passive, helpless victims, doomed to repeat cycles of violence in their own later relationships. The UNARS research is not suggesting that domestic violence is not an acutely painful experience for children - of course it is frightening, distressing, and children are hurt and wounded by the violence they live with, and the coercive and controlling behaviours that often pervade their homes. However, it is also clear, in children's accounts, that there is an inextricable intertwining of their experiences of damage and of coping. Children's experiences of domestic violence is a little like a double helix, with the twin strands of coping and damage very closely interlinked. Children's capacity to be strong, to be agentic, to be resilient can only be read in the context of the actions that function to undermine their development of agency and resilience, forms of relating that characterise violence, abuse and coercive control. Jane Callaghan explained: "Consider, for instance, the examples of children hiding away in cupboards, hidey holes and dens. In some senses this looks like an accession to abuse and control - children might be seen by professionals and academics as hiding away, as cowering in corners. But if we only see this painful and difficult aspect of the child's behaviour, and don't try to make sense of the meaning they attach to it, we do not see how it is also resistant and resilient. Children are not just frightened, they are not just hiding. They are creating spaces for themselves, where they can feel just slightly safer, just a little more secure and in control." The research team also completed an analysis of European and national policies on domestic violence. Their most significant finding is that children are startlingly absent from legal and policy frameworks. The Istanbul Convention, introduced by the Council of Europe to galvanise action around violence against women and domestic violence. Children are not explicitly defined as victims either in the Istanbul convention, or the national and regional legal and policy frameworks that implement it. In this sense, children are absent from legal definitions (except as victims of dating violence). Children who 'witness' domestic violence do not have a legal status as 'victim'. (This is changing in Spain, where the distinction between 'direct' and 'indirect' victims is being removed from Spanish statutes). This means that children are seen in law and policy as an absence, as 'collateral damage' to adult domestic violence, and this has consequences for how they are understood and treated in criminal justice, social services and voluntary sector organisations. Services for children who experience domestic violence are typically a 'bolt on' to adult oriented services, as adults, and particularly women, are seen as its main victims. "We think this is because children are seen as 'silent witnesses', helpless in families where domestic violence occurs", says Dr Callaghan. "By focusing on children's voice, on their capacity to make sense of the situation they are in, and to take creative action to make their lives a little better, we have been able to highlight both the profound impact of violence on children's lives and the complex and often paradoxical ways that they find to cope." The UNARS project has highlighted that children experience the negative impact of domestic violence, and cope with domestic violence, in much the same way that adult victims do, and that the distinction between 'direct' and 'indirect' victim, or between 'adult victim' and 'child witness' is not sustainable. When policy frameworks do not include children as victims, this contributes to the erosion of children's representation and voice in professional and policy discourses. By focusing on children's capacity for conscious meaning making and agency in relation to their experiences of domestic violence, we have highlighted the importance of recognising the impact domestic violence has on children, and their right to representation as victims in the context of domestic violence. Details: Northampton, UK: University of Northampton, 2015. 272p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 19, 2015 at: http://www.unars.co.uk/resources/UNARS%20Final%20Project%20Report%20(1).pdf Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://www.unars.co.uk/resources/UNARS%20Final%20Project%20Report%20(1).pdf Shelf Number: 136995 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Karp, Aaron Title: Unheard and Uncounted: Violence against Women in India Summary: Violence against women, and the reluctance of authorities to deal with it, present a serious challenge to Indian society, law enforcement, and judicial affairs. Numerous incidents involving group rapes and rape and murder-such as the Nirbhaya case in New Delhi in 2012-have captured national and international attention. While domestic violence and public intimidation are familiar to women across India, statistics remain scarce and unreliable. A new Issue Brief from the Small Arms Survey's India Armed Violence Assessment project, Unheard and Uncounted: Violence against Women in India, discusses the prevalence of violence against women in India and the status of research to date. The Issue Brief finds: Underreporting appears to affect virtually all forms of violence against women in India, including rape. Estimates of the proportion of rapes in India reported to police range from 1 in 10 to 1 in 200. Such estimates suggest as many as several million rapes are unreported annually. A range of violent social practices, including selective abortion and foeticide, regional cultures of violence, and armed conflict, elevate the danger of violence in India, specifically against women. Improved monitoring and measurement of trends in violence against women are essential to improve policy-making and interventions for victims. Comprehensive police reform-including more police, including more women staff, who are dedicated to serving victims and are free of corruption-is essential for responding to violence against women. In addition to institutional reforms, social change is a key part of the solution to problems of violence against women in India, from changing attitudes towards women in general to assumptions about domestic relations. Details: Geneva, SWIT: Small Arms Survey, 2015. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: India Armed Violence Assessment Issue Brief, no. 5: Accessed October 26, 2015 at: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issue-briefs/IAVA-IB5-unheard-and-uncounted.pdf Year: 2015 Country: India URL: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issue-briefs/IAVA-IB5-unheard-and-uncounted.pdf Shelf Number: 137056 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homicides Rape Violence Against Women

Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Risk assessment: What is it and how can it be applied in family violence? Summary: Key messages � Risk assessment must be considered as a piece in the wider puzzle of risk management. � Adequate services need to be provided for those considered at �less� risk, so they receive an appropriate response. This also reduces the imperative for service providers to escalate a case, in order to get help for a person. � Effective risk assessment and management needs to be grounded in an integrated response system. This needs to have: - Underlying principles which shape how practitioners respond. - Training for practitioners in the effective conduct of risk assessment and the effective communication of results. - Appropriate risk assessment tools should be selected, with monitoring to ensure they are used as intended and that they support risk management decision making. - Clarity of roles and responsibilities for all components of the system. � Co-location of professionals for risk management appears very beneficial to facilitate adequate communication. Co-location: - Enhances the development of a unique culture which supports increased trust and information sharing between professionals from different agencies. - Facilitates the process of risk management planning by reducing turnaround times and enhancing access to services. - Where effective colocation is not achievable, clear roles, responsibilities, communication strategies and a common culture around family violence must be developed to ensure a consistent response is provided. � Effective communication of risk, using common language, is vital to ensure all professionals understand how an estimation of risk was derived. - Training is required across government agencies to ensure there is a consistent understanding of family violence - including understanding definitions and patterns of violence. - To develop a common language, training should be shared across government agencies, rather than being delivered within agencies. � Effective risk management requires a lead agency to take responsibility for the implementation of planned activities. This lead agency also needs to be tasked with the responsibility of regularly reviewing risk in light of developments. - Agencies need to be aware of each other�s roles and responsibilities within the risk management system. - Where limitations exist within the family violence risk management system, external resourcing may be required to ensure all risks are effectively addressed. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2015. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 9: Accessed November 5, 2015 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-9-risk-assessment.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand URL: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-9-risk-assessment.pdf Shelf Number: 137198 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Intimate Partner Violence Risk Management Violence Against Women

Author: Macvean, Michelle Title: The PATRICIA project: PAThways in research In collaborative inter-agency working Summary: This paper details a review conducted by the Parenting Research Centre (PRC) and the University of Melbourne at the request of Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS). It forms part of a broader project - PAThways and Research In Collaborative Inter-Agency working, or the PATRICIA project - led by the University of Melbourne with partners from five universities, three government departments and eight community sector organisations which specialise in domestic and family violence (DFV). The PATRICIA project focuses on the relationship between statutory child protection, family law, and community-based services which seek to support women and children exposed to domestic violence. This review aims to address the following research question: What processes or practices do child protection services and specialist domestic violence services or family law engage in so that they can work better together to improve service responses for women and children living with and separating from family violence? Details: Melbourne: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS), 2015. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 28, 2015 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/14_4.5_landscapes_patricia_f.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/14_4.5_landscapes_patricia_f.pdf Shelf Number: 137353 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Maltreatment Child Protection Collaboration Community-Based Services Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Related Violence Partnerships

Author: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Title: Access to Information, Violence against Women, and the Administration of Justice in the Americas Summary: The report aims to provide an introduction to the challenges faced by women in the Americas in gaining adequate access to State-controlled information on violence and discrimination. It also seeks to systematize the international standards that have been developed in the inter-American system on this subject, and to identify good practices in the region with regard to the application of and compliance with those standards. The right of access to information is closely related to the exercise of other human rights, and in that sense, the failure to comply with the obligations of respecting and guaranteeing women's free access to information can be understood to lead to various violations of their rights to live free from violence and discrimination. The IACHR has observed that even in States with institutionalized mechanisms for gathering, processing, and producing information on violence against women, often that information is not adequately disseminated. Likewise, the IACHR has noted that there is a widespread lack of coordination in the region between the various systems that coexist in the States for gathering and producing information, for example records kept by free legal aid offices, data collected by observatories on violence or discrimination, and mechanisms for compiling judicial statistics. With regard to the main challenges in access to public information on discrimination and violence, the IACHR has reported on a number of occasions that there are deficiencies in the availability, quality, and completeness of public information on violence and discrimination against women. These include the failure to gather complete information in the various State bodies on all the different types of violence and discrimination, as well as the failure to produce comprehensive statistics based on that information and to disaggregate the statistical information by factors such as sex, race, ethnicity, age, social status, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, and other criteria that would make it possible to appreciate the true incidence of violence and discrimination in specific groups of women. The importance of compiling data and producing statistics has been highlighted in the inter-American and the United Nations human rights systems as a fundamental mechanism for designing and evaluating public polices and prevention, assistance, and protection programs on violence and discrimination. Another priority challenge involves the effective implementation of international standards on access to information in the domestic sphere. In this regard, the IACHR has stated that although the vast majority of countries in the region have constitutional and/or legal regulations in place on this matter, concrete information about the practical implementation and effectiveness of those regulations is not available, which makes it difficult to evaluate the level of compliance with State obligations. Access to information in the realm of the administration of justice is an area of special interest for the IACHR. It presents a number of challenges in terms of guaranteeing access to information as a right that facilitates access to justice for women victims of violence and discrimination. In this context, the IACHR notes that the following are priority challenges: ensuring access by women and their family members to information on their pending violence or discrimination cases; the availability of appropriate and sufficient free legal aid services; and access to interpreters and information in other languages for women who do not speak the official State language, among other challenges. The IACHR underscores the importance of having public information on justice system operations, including data on the number of arrests, prosecutions, convictions, restraining orders, and judgments handed down; the amount of time it takes to decide cases; the gender makeup of the justice systems; the budgets allocated to judicial activities; and the internal accountability mechanisms. The Commission urges the Member States of the Organization of American States (OAS) to adopt measures to guarantee the availability of high-quality free legal aid services, the training of justice operators and other public employees who are involved with violence-related issues, and the implementation of action protocols for cases in which violence is imminent. The Commission also reiterates its willingness to work with the States in their efforts in this sphere of protection which is so essential for women to be able to fully exercise their rights. Details: Washington, DC: OAS, 2015. 82p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 28, 2015 at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Access-information.pdf Year: 2015 Country: South America URL: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Access-information.pdf Shelf Number: 137363 Keywords: Discrimination Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Information Sharing Violence Against Women Violence Against Women, Prevention

Author: Phillips, Janet Title: Domestic violence: Issues and policy challenges Summary: Domestic violence is a serious issue affecting millions around the world. - The most pervasive form of violence experienced by women in Australia is violence perpetrated by a male intimate partner, commonly referred to as domestic violence. However, it is important to acknowledge that men and same sex relationships partners can also experience this form of violence. - The underlying causes of domestic violence are complex with the result that there is a great deal of confusion and misinformation reflected in the public debate. However, there is general agreement that gender inequality, power imbalances and controlling behaviours within relationships are key determinants. - Community attitudes towards gender roles, sexuality, domestic violence and sexual assault can strongly influence both the prevalence of domestic violence and disclosure/reporting rates. The language commonly used around this form of violence in the community can also trivialise or minimise the seriousness of the experience. Surveys have found that demographic factors such as age, country of birth and socio-economic status have only a limited influence on attitudes, but that those with low levels of support for gender equality are the strongest predictors for holding violence-supporting attitudes. - Reasons for non-reporting incidents of domestic violence are complex but may include fear of the perpetrator, fear of not being believed or of being blamed, feelings of confusion, shame and embarrassment, fear of psychologically reliving the incident, or a reluctance to acknowledge the incident ever occurred. - While most do not report incidences of domestic violence to the authorities, many seek advice or support from family members, friends or community services. Given that psychological responses to domestic violence can be complex, experts argue that proactive support services focusing on therapeutic emotional and psychological interventions may be more effective in encouraging disclosure and providing assistance than the criminal justice system in many instances. - A wide variety of strategies have been employed to tackle domestic violence in Australia and internationally. Although many of the strategies to prevent domestic violence have now been ongoing for some decades, there is still a lack of reliable evidence as to what works. However, there is some evidence in the US that an integrated approach supported by sustained government funding may be effective in addressing the issues. - Australia and comparable countries have much lower rates of domestic violence than many countries with higher levels of gender inequality. A WHO international review on the prevalence of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence notes that the global variation in the prevalence of violence against women highlights that this form of violence is not inevitable and can be prevented or reduced. - The Council of Australian Government's central initiative designed to address domestic violence is the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children. The National Plan has been received very positively by most stakeholders and commentators, but some argue that ongoing, integrated resourcing and funding across all jurisdictions is crucial in order to effect long-term change. - Most are in agreement that this is a difficult problem requiring complex and coordinated responses, not one-off, sporadic initiatives and funding commitments. It is generally argued by most stakeholders and commentators that integrating responses and initiatives across the community, all jurisdictions and all levels of government is the best way to promote equality and reduce this form of violence. Details: Sydney: Parliamentary Library, 2015. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Paper Series, 2015-16: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/DVIssues Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/DVIssues Shelf Number: 137421 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Hooker, Leesa Title: Domestic and family violence and parenting: Mixed methods insights into impact and support needs: State of knowledge paper Summary: This paper examines the current state of knowledge on the impact of domestic and family violence (DFV) on parenting. It considers how often DFV occurs among parents; the impact of DFV on parenting; the methods and behaviours used by perpetrators to disrupt the mother-child relationship; and interventions used to strengthen and support a healthy mother-child relationship. The paper finds that approximately one third or more of parents in the general community experience DFV, but there is limited evidence on DFV among marginalised parent populations such as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD), rural, disabled and same-sex parents. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men, women and children suffer considerable DFV, but the true prevalence of abuse among parents is hard to determine due to a lack of reporting, limited screening for DFV, and methodological issues. Most evidence suggests that DFV during pregnancy can result in poor pregnancy outcomes and reduced attachment. It also impacts on an abused woman's ability to parent effectively; women will attend to their abusive partner's demands and needs, and control and discipline children to keep them safe. Attachments/relationships can improve over time, and parenting and child health outcomes also improve once DFV stops. There is limited information on the parenting style of abusive fathers, but researchers and victims have characterised them as authoritarian, under-involved, self-centred and manipulative. They aim to isolate, control and undermine women's authority to parent and have meaningful relationships with their children. The paper recommends supportive care for mothers experiencing DFV and their children as an alternative to reporting all DFV to child protection services. Home visiting programs have been shown to be effective in reducing child maltreatment, improving parenting skills and children's behaviour, but not necessarily effective in preventing or reducing DFV. New programs with an additional DFV focus are currently being assessed. Victims of abuse need more intense and targeted therapy; the paper recommends psychotherapeutic interventions with combined mother-child sessions as they have shown good results. Interventions with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families show client satisfaction but are yet to show other effective outcomes. There are considerable gaps in Australian research on DFV and parenting. This paper recommends further research in areas including prevalence of DFV in diverse groups of parents; qualitative research on the experiences of motherhood and fatherhood in the context of DFV; and interventions measuring parenting and the parent-child relationship as primary outcomes, with larger, more representative samples. Details: Sydney: ANROWS, 2015. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Landscapes : State of knowledge: 01/2016) Accessed January 11, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/L1.16_1.8%20Parenting.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/L1.16_1.8%20Parenting.pdf Shelf Number: 137457 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Parenting Violence Against Women

Author: Taylor, Annabel Title: Domestic and family violence protection orders in Australia: An investigation of information sharing and enforcement: State of knowledge paper Summary: This state of knowledge paper informs the empirical research to be undertaken to investigate the perspectives of key stakeholders of domestic violence protection order enforcement in Australia. The aims of this report are described and definitional issues are addressed at the outset in the Australian policy context. The priority of this issue to the Australian Government is also explored in this paper. A description of the methodology applied to this paper is followed by a comparative analysis of the legislation for enforcement of protection orders across Australia's states and territories. This section examines the implications of the varied responses to protection order enforcement. In order to recognise the pivotal role that the experience of victims plays in enforcement of Domestic Violence Protection Orders (DVPOs), the following section details victims' and victim advocates' perspectives of enforcement. These insights then inform the scope of literature reviewed on the role of police and magistrates and lawyers in enforcement. The review ends with a summary of the findings and their implications for an empirical study of protection order enforcement in Australia. This state of knowledge paper has five purposes which are to: 1. investigate the current knowledge about enforcement of DVPOs in Australia; 2. understand the legislation that underpins enforcement of DVPOs in Australia across jurisdictions; 3. scope the Australian research that has been undertaken on enforcement of protection orders; 4. explore the perspectives of victims and their advocates, police and magistrates and lawyers on enforcement of protection orders; and 5. understand the existing knowledge on information sharing related to protection orders, within and across agencies and across state borders. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2015. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Landscapes : State of knowledge: 16/2015): Accessed January 22, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/16_4.1%20Legal%20WEB_FINAL_0.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/16_4.1%20Legal%20WEB_FINAL_0.pdf Shelf Number: 137651 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Violence Against Women

Author: Mackay, Erin Title: Perpetrator interventions in Australia: Part one - Literature review. State of knowledge paper Summary: An Australian first, this state of knowledge paper maps the pathways and interventions for perpetrators of domestic/family violence and sexual assault through civil and criminal legal systems; and examines the responses and service systems currently available to DFV and sexual assault perpetrators in each jurisdiction. Violence against women is an insidious and entrenched problem in our society. In Australia, since the age of 15, one in six women has experienced physical violence by a current or former intimate partner and one in five women has experienced sexual violence (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). Nationwide, nearly one woman is killed every week by a current or former partner (Bryant & Cussen, 2015). With sexual assault and domestic violence still being significantly under reported, these statistics only provide a limited snapshot of the true number of women and children that have experienced violence and abuse (Marcus & Braaf, 2007; Gelb, 2007). This violence has devastating physical, emotional and psychological consequences for women and their children, as well as profound social and economic consequences for society. In Australia, the Commonwealth and state and territory governments have committed to the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children 2010-2022 (the National Plan)(Council of Australian Governments [COAG], 2011). The National Plan was formulated around a vision that "Australian women and their children live free from violence in safe communities" (COAG, 2011, p. 10), and contains a number of national outcomes to be delivered by all governments over a 12-year period. This paper focuses on the sixth outcome of the National Plan, which is that "perpetrators stop their violence and are held to account" (COAG, 2011, p.29). The Second Action Plan (2013-16) of the National Plan contains action items directed towards supporting governments to implement high quality and consistent responses to perpetrators across systems (Australia. Department of Social Services, 2014). In particular, it focuses on improving the evidence-base and the quality of, and access to, perpetrator interventions. It identifies that systems including police, justice, corrections, and community services need to work together in consistent and integrated ways to increase the effectiveness of perpetrator interventions and stop perpetrators reoffending. In addition, the Commonwealth, state and territory governments have agreed to finalise a set of National Outcome Standards for Perpetrator Interventions during the life of the Second Action Plan (2013-16) of the National Plan. To support the Federal/state government collaborative efforts needed to achieve this, the Prime Minister announced in January 2015, that the issue of violence against women and their children, including the development of a set of national standards, would be elevated to COAG in 2015. COAG ministers agreed at their April 2015 meeting to consider a set of National Outcome Standards for Perpetrator Interventions (the National Standards) before the end of 2015. In this paper, Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) contributes to strengthening the evidence base on perpetrator interventions by identifying the current "state of knowledge" on Australian perpetrator interventions for sexual assault and family/domestic violence. Part one of this paper identifies, synthesises and describes the large body of Australian and international academic and grey literature on specific perpetrator programs, with attention to the definition, history, development and effectiveness of perpetrator interventions for sexual assault and family/domestic violence. The vast literature on perpetrator intervention considered in part one largely considers perpetrator programs (see Terminology section below), however, programs are just one type of perpetrator intervention. In recognition of this, part two of this paper sets out perpetrator pathways through the civil and criminal legal system in all states and territories in Australia, providing an overview of key legislative and policy frameworks in each jurisdiction for both sexual assault and family/domestic violence, in addition to mapping several specific programs in each jurisdiction back against these pathways. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2015. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Landscapes: State of knowledge. Issue PP01/2015: Accessed January 26, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/_Landscapes%20Perpetrators%20Part%20ONE.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/_Landscapes%20Perpetrators%20Part%20ONE.pdf Shelf Number: 137659 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Interventions Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Assault Violence Against Women

Author: Title: ReCharge Women's Technology Technology Safety, Legal Resources, Research and Training Summary: In 2013, the Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria (DVRCV) conducted research examining how technology is being used by perpetrators to stalk and abuse women, as well as how these technologies may be used to support and improve women's safety. This research, titled SmartSafe, is one of the few studies conducted internationally on technology-facilitated stalking and abuse in the context of family violence. In 2015, DVRCV has collaborated with Women's Legal Services NSW and WESNET in a national women's technology safety project, funded by ACCAN, called ReCharge: Women's Technology Safety, Legal Resources, Research & Training. As part of this project, DVRCV conducted a national survey of technology-facilitated abuse drawing on the experience of family violence practitioners across Australia. In 2013, DVRCV conducted the first Australian study into the use of technology by perpetrators in the context of domestic violence. This Victorian-based study, called SmartSafe, utilised a multiple-methods approach and included two surveys: one with 152 domestic violence sector practitioners, and one with 46 women who had experienced domestic violence. The findings showed that the use of technology by perpetrators to stalk and abuse women was a significant emerging issue in Victoria. Details: Melbourne: SmartSafe, Domestic Violence Research Centre Victoria, 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2016 at: http://www.smartsafe.org.au/sites/default/files/National-study-findings-2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.smartsafe.org.au/sites/default/files/National-study-findings-2015.pdf Shelf Number: 137695 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Online Victimization Stalking Violence Against Women

Author: Foote, Jeff Title: Selecting interventions to reduce family violence and child abuse in New Zealand Summary: This report provides an intervention framework to support the review, selection and implementation of initiatives to reduce child abuse and/or family violence in New Zealand. The intervention framework builds on previous work to specify what a transformed system to address child abuse and family violence may look like as well as separately reported literature reviews in relation to high performing systems and effectiveness of family violence and child abuse interventions. The research team was mindful of the stories submitted by both victim/survivors and perpetrators of family violence to The People's Inquiry. These accounts made painful and oftentimes disturbing reading. Research deals with processed data but there is no doubt that the voices of victim/survivors helped to keep the research team grounded in the reality of the long term impacts of family violence. Many of the recorded experiences resonated with the research that was reviewed. At all times our priority has been to uphold the protection of human rights in which safety is paramount and must be the overriding goal of theories and approaches to violence. There is on-going debate about the terms that have been used to describe family violence throughout both Parts One and Two of this report. It was not possible to resolve such debates; instead we chose the generic terms 'family violence' (FV) and 'child abuse and neglect'(CAN) in an attempt to reflect the many types of relationships and types of conflict represented within both sectors. The decision to consistently focus on the interface between FV and CAN illustrates the overall holistic approach taken by the research team. Family violence (FV), in this report, includes intimate partner violence, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse, inter-sibling abuse and parental abuse. We recognise that, for some purposes, dealing with particular forms of family violence requires particular strategies and treatments. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, 2014. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Intervention-framework-report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Intervention-framework-report.pdf Shelf Number: 137773 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Interventions Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Prevention

Author: Foote, Jeff Title: Toward a transformed system to address child abuse and family violence in New Zealand Summary: The Glenn Inquiry (TGI) has contracted ESR to bring together the relevant experience and expertise to collaboratively model a transformed system to address child abuse and neglect (CAN) and family violence (FV) in New Zealand. Our approach We have treated the task of reducing FV and CAN as a 'wicked problem'; that is, reducing FV and CAN is a problem that cannot be solved once and for all, and is not a matter of simply applying expert knowledge. The methods used in this project have been chosen because they are appropriate for working with wicked problems: stakeholder engagement, systems thinking and inter-disciplinary analysis. In this report, we refer to both CAN and FV. We recognise that, for some purposes, dealing with CAN requires particular strategies and treatment; however, the purpose of this report is to develop a transformed system that will reduce both CAN and other forms of FV. While the underlying causes of CAN and other FV may be considered independently, and some responses to each form of abuse will need to be particular, this report proposes a wider system of responses that will enable targeted interventions for each form of abuse. We use the term 'family violence' in this report in the sense it has come to be understood in Aotearoa, and is used in Te Rito: New Zealand Family Violence Prevention Strategy. In this use, FV includes intimate partner violence, child abuse and neglect, elder abuse, inter-sibling abuse and parental abuse. The project consisted of four work-streams: 1. A review of the international and national literature on what would constitute a high performing system to address CAN and FV, including a review of New Zealand's current approach with a focus on government legalisation, policies and initiatives; 2. Qualitative modelling of the system dynamics associated with the existing way in which New Zealand has responded to CAN and FV; 3. A secondary (sociological) analysis of suggestions for system improvement from the People's Report; and, 4. Developing a systemic model of a transformed system through collaborative workshops with sector experts. Literature Four appraisals of the literature have been carried out to inform what would constitute a high performing system to reduce CAN and FV: 1. New Zealand's current approach to addressing CAN/FV, with a focus on government legalisation, policies and initiatives; 2. Research on prevalence, incidence, different types, impacts and challenges in responding to intimate partner violence; 3. Research on the prevalence, incidence, risk and protective factors and key interventions associated with child maltreatment/sexual abuse, including the interface between intimate partner violence and child abuse; and 4. Review of international frameworks for addressing violence against women, including the need to adopt a holistic framework to guide interventions. Details: Wellington, NZ: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, 2014. 150p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Towards-a-transformed-system.-Final-report.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.esr.cri.nz/assets/SOCIAL-CONTENT/TGI.-Towards-a-transformed-system.-Final-report.pdf Shelf Number: 137774 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Interventions Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Prevention

Author: Rivas, Carol Title: Advocacy Interventions to Reduce or Eliminate Violence and Promote the Physical and Psychosocial Well-being of Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Abuse: A Systematic Review Summary: Intimate partner abuse is common worldwide, damaging the short- and long-term physical, mental, and emotional health of survivors and children. Advocacy may contribute to reducing abuse, empowering women to improve their situation by providing informal counselling and support for safety planning and increasing access to different services. Advocacy may be a stand-alone service, accepting referrals from healthcare providers, or part of a multi-component (and possibly multi-agency) intervention provided by service staff or others. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of advocacy interventions within or outside healthcare settings in women who have experienced intimate partner abuse. SEARCH METHODS In April 2015, we searched CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and 10 other databases. We also searched WHO ICTRP, mRCT, and UK Clinical Research Network (UKCRN), and examined relevant websites and reference lists with forward citation tracking of included studies. For the original review we hand-searched six key journals. We also contacted first authors of eligible papers and experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing advocacy interventions for women with experience of intimate partner abuse versus no intervention or usual care (if advocacy was minimal and fewer than 20% of women received it). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias and undertook data extraction. We contacted authors for missing information needed to calculate statistics for the review and looked for adverse events. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 trials involving 2141 participants aged 15 to 65 years, frequently having low socioeconomic status. The studies were quite heterogeneous in terms of methodology, study processes and design, including with regard to the duration of follow-up (post-intervention to three years), although this was not associated with differences in effect. The studies also had considerable clinical heterogeneity in relation to staff delivering advocacy; setting (community, shelter, antenatal, healthcare); advocacy intensity (from 30 minutes to 80 hours); and abuse severity. Three trials evaluated advocacy within multi-component interventions. Eleven measured some form of abuse (eight scales), six assessed quality of life (three scales), and six measured depression (three scales). Countries and ethnic groups varied (one or more minority ethnic groups in the USA or UK, and local populations in Hong Kong and Peru). Setting was associated with intensity and duration of advocacy. Risk of bias was high in five studies, moderate in five, and low in three. The quality of evidence (considering multiple factors such as risk of bias, study size, missing data) was moderate to low for brief advocacy and very low for intensive advocacy. Incidence of abuse Physical abuse Moderate quality pooled data from two healthcare studies (moderate risk of bias) and one community study (low risk of bias), all with 12-month follow-up data, showed no effect on physical abuse for brief (< 12 hours) advocacy interventions (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.17 to 0.16; n = 558). One antenatal study (low risk of bias) showed an association between brief advocacy and reduced minor physical abuse at one year (mean difference (MD) change - 1.00, 95% CI - 1.82 to - 0.18; n = 110). An antenatal, multi-component study showed a greater likelihood of physical abuse ending (odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.75) immediately after advocacy (number needed to treat (NNT) = 8); we cannot exclude impact from other components. Low to very low quality evidence from two intensive advocacy trials (12 hours plus duration) showed reduced severe physical abuse in women leaving a shelter at 24 months (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.77; NNT = 8), but not at 12 or 36 months. Sexual abuse Meta-analysis of two studies (n = 239) showed no effect of advocacy on sexual abuse (SMD - 0.12, 95% CI - 0.37 to 0.14), agreeing with the change score (MD - 0.07, 95% CI - 0.30 to 0.16) from a third study and the OR (0.96, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.12) from a fourth antenatal, multi-component study. Emotional abuse One study in antenatal care, rated at low risk of bias, showed reduced emotional abuse at - 12-month follow-up (MD (change score) - 4.24, 95% CI - 6.42 to - 2.06; n = 110). Psychosocial health Quality of life Meta-analysis of two studies (high risk of bias) showed intensive advocacy slightly improved overall quality of life of women recruited from shelters (MD 0.23, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.46; n = 343) at 12-month follow-up, with greater improvement in perceived physical quality of life from a primary care study (high risk of bias; MD 4.90, 95% CI 0.98 to 8.82) immediately postintervention. Depression Meta-analysis of two studies in healthcare settings, one at high risk of bias and one at moderate risk, showed that fewer women developed depression (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.65; n = 149; NNT = 4) with brief advocacy. One study at high risk of bias reported a slight reduction in depression in pregnant women immediately after the intervention (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.29; n = 103; NNT = 8). There was no evidence that intensive advocacy reduced depression at - 12-month follow-up (MD - 0.14, 95% CI - 0.33 to 0.05; 3 studies; n = 446) or at two years (SMD − 0.12, 95% CI − 0.36 to 0.12; 1 study; n = 265). Adverse effects Two women died, one who was murdered by her partner and one who committed suicide. No evidence links either death to study participation. Details: Oslo: Campbell Collaboration, 2016. 203p. Source: Internet Resource: Campbell Systematic Review 2016:2: Accessed February 5, 2016: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/84/ Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/84/ Shelf Number: 137780 Keywords: Domestic Violence Emotional Abuse Family Violence Intimate Partner Abuse Sexual Abuse

Author: TNS Opinion & Social Title: Reducing Violence against Women and Their Children: Research Informing the Development of a National Campaign Summary: The research, conducted by Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS), shows that although most Australians agree domestic violence is wrong, too often we blame the victim, excuse men and minimise disrespectful behaviours and instances of gender inequality. According to the research, many of us learn from an early age to condone or excuse disrespectful or aggressive behaviour towards girls and women. The main research findings include: - from an early age, young people begin to believe there are reasons and situations that can make disrespectful behaviour acceptable - girls blame themselves, questioning whether the trigger for the behaviour is potentially their fault, rather than questioning the behaviour of the male - boys blame others, particularly the female, and deflect personal responsibility telling each other it was a bit of a joke - it didn't mean anything - adults accept the behaviour when they say 'it takes two to tango' or 'boys will be boys' - we think the cost of doing something is too high - as parents, we worry about embarrassing our child, or even ourselves. As teachers or coaches, we're not sure how far to go - so without realising it, we make gender inequality and disrespectful behaviour acceptable. The research was conducted with young males and females aged 10-17 and their influencers - these included parents, siblings, teachers, sporting coaches, managers and community leaders across Australia. The Government will use the research to inform the development of a $30 million national campaign, due to begin early next year, to reduce violence against women and their children. Details: Sydney: Australian Government Department of Social Services, 2015. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 9, 2016 at: https://www.dss.gov.au/women/publications-articles/reducing-violence-against-women-and-their-children Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: https://www.dss.gov.au/women/publications-articles/reducing-violence-against-women-and-their-children Shelf Number: 137820 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Great Britain. Office for National Statistics Title: Crime Statistics: Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences, year ending march 2015 Summary: This release is a collaboration between ONS and Home Office analysts. It explores a variety of official statistics on violent crime and is based on interviews carried out on the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) in the year to March 2014 and crimes recorded by the police period over the same period. Trend analysis from both sources is included. This release is split into five chapters, each covering a different aspect of violent crime. The first chapter provides an overview of violent crime, summarising the extent and range of violent crime together with an analysis of long term trends. It also explores information such as the characteristics of the victim and the offender, as well as where and when incidents took place. The second chapter presents analyses of data gathered from the Home Office Homicide Index which includes murder, manslaughter and infanticide. The chapter discusses trends in homicide and puts the latest figures in the context of international comparisons. It also provides details on the characteristics of victims and suspects. The third chapter presents findings on the use of weapons in selected offences recorded by the police including firearms, knives and sharp instruments. It includes information on how they are used, and the injuries caused, as well as describing the geographical distribution of these offences. The fourth chapter uses data from a self-completion section on the 2013/14 CSEW which asks about experience of sexual and domestic violence. It describes offences occurring in the 12 months before the interview as well as those taking place since age 16. The chapter explores aspects of serious sexual assault and attitudes to sexual violence. The final chapter presents findings from the 2013/14 CSEW on violent incidents where alcohol has been a factor. Additional analysis on the nature of alcohol-related violence is also provided from the combined datasets of the 2012/13 and 2013/14 CSEW. This chapter also presents some information on alcohol-related violent crime recorded by the police. Key points - The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) continues to show steady declines in violent crime over the last 20 years. Between the 1995 and the 2013/14 surveys, the number of violent crime incidents has fallen from 3.8 million in 1995 to 1.3 million in 2013/14. - Violent crime victimisation rates have fallen by more than half since peak levels of crime in the mid-1990s. In 1995 4.8% of adults aged 16 and over were a victim of violent crime in the previous year, compared with 1.8% in the 2013/14 survey. - Homicide has also shown a general downward trend since 2002/03. The number of currently recorded homicides for 2013/14 (526) and 2011/12 (528) were the lowest since 1989 (521). The number of homicides in 2013/14 was equivalent to 9.2 offences per million population. - As in previous years, children under one year old had the highest rate of homicide (23.9 offences per million population) compared with other age groups. With the exception of those aged under one year, adults generally had higher incidence rates of being a victim of homicide than children. - The numbers of sexual offences (64,205) in 2013/14 was the highest recorded by the police since 2002/03. As well as improvements in recording, this is thought to reflect a greater willingness of victims to come forward to report such crimes. The CSEW has not seen a rise in the prevalence of sexual assault. The latest estimates show a small fall in sexual assault victimisation rates compared with the previous year. - In 2013/14, there were 7,709 offences in which firearms were involved, a 5% decrease compared with 2012/13. Offences involving knives or sharp instruments fell by 2% between 2012/13 and 2013/14 (to 25,972). These falls follow a sustained downward trend over a number of years. - The profile of victims of violent crime and sexual violence varied according to the type of offence. The CSEW showed that young men were most likely to be the victims of violence, while in contrast young women were more likely to have experienced sexual assault (including attempts). - Women were also more likely to be a victim of domestic abuse, with 8.5% of women and 4.5% of men having experienced domestic abuse in the last year, equivalent to an estimated 1.4 million female victims and 700,000 male victims. - In 2013/14, as in previous years, around two-thirds of homicide victims (65%) were male. In contrast, victims killed by a partner or ex-partner were more likely to be women. - Victims perceived the offender(s) to be under the influence of alcohol in 53% of violent incidents. This is equivalent to an estimated 704,000 'alcohol-related' violent incidents. While the volume of violent incidents that were 'alcohol-related' has fallen over time the proportion has remained relatively steady over the last ten years. Alcohol was a particularly prevalent factor in violent incidents between strangers, 64% of which were perceived to be alcohol-related. Details: London: Office of National Statistics, 2016. various pagings Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 16, 2016 at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Crime+and+Justice#tab-sum-pub Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Crime+and+Justice#tab-sum-pub Shelf Number: 137883 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime Crime Statistics Crime Surveys Domestic Violence Firearms Gun-Related Violence Homicides Sexual Assault Sexual Offenses Sexual Violence Victimization Violent Crime Weapons

Author: New Zealand. Ministry of Social Development Title: Pasefika Proud Programme of Action: Addressing violence in Pasefika families and communities 2014-2017 Summary: The Pasefika Proud Programme of Action charts pathways to achieve the overall outcome: Saogalem� � Pasefika families living in peace, harmony and wellbeing. The purpose of the Pasefika Proud Programme of Action: 2014�2017 is to address key issues and priorities for the next three years in relation to family/domestic violence in Pasefika families living in New Zealand. Click on the link below to view Programme of Action 2014 - 2017. Details: Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Social Development, Pacific Unit, 2014. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 22, 2016 at: https://www.familyservices.govt.nz/documents/working-with-us/programmes-services/pasefika-proud/pasefika-proud-programme-of-action.pdf Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: https://www.familyservices.govt.nz/documents/working-with-us/programmes-services/pasefika-proud/pasefika-proud-programme-of-action.pdf Shelf Number: 137932 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Prevention

Author: U.S. Department of Justice Title: Identifying and Preventing Gender Bias in Law Enforcement Response to Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Summary: The Department of Justice (department) is committed to assisting law enforcement agencies in their efforts to reduce sexual assault and domestic violence, and to administer justice when these crimes occur. Through the department's many partnerships with state, local, tribal and territory law enforcement agencies (collectively, law enforcement agencies or LEAs), the department has recognized that many agencies are striving to improve their response to allegations of sexual assault and domestic violence, and are seeking assistance and support for these efforts. This guidance document is intended to reflect and further the department's partnership with the police leaders, line officers and detectives who work tirelessly to ensure that policing is free from bias and to uphold the civil and human rights of the communities they serve. The department extends its appreciation to the many police leaders and experts on law enforcement responses to sexual assault and domestic violence who worked with us to develop this guidance and provided us with helpful comments and suggestions. One critical part of improving LEAs' response to allegations of sexual assault and domestic violence is identifying and preventing gender bias in policing practices. Gender bias in policing practices is a form of discrimination that may result in LEAs providing less protection to certain victims on the basis of gender, failing to respond to crimes that disproportionately harm people of a particular gender or offering reduced or less robust services due to a reliance on gender stereotypes. Gender bias, whether explicit or implicit, conscious or unconscious, may include police officers misclassifying or underreporting sexual assault or domestic violence cases, or inappropriately concluding that sexual assault cases are unfounded; failing to test sexual assault kits; interrogating rather than interviewing victims and witnesses; treating domestic violence as a family matter rather than a crime; failing to enforce protection orders; or failing to treat same-sex domestic violence as a crime. In the sexual assault and domestic violence context, if gender bias influences the initial response to or investigation of the alleged crime, it may compromise law enforcement's ability to ascertain the facts, determine whether the incident is a crime, and develop a case that supports effective prosecution and holds the perpetrator accountable. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 2015. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 10, 2016 at: https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/799366/download Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/799366/download Shelf Number: 138163 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Bias Police Policies and Practices Police Response Sexual Violence

Author: Victoria Legal Aid Title: Characteristics of respondents charged with breach of family violence intervention orders Summary: Breaches of family violence intervention orders are one of the fastest growing offences in Victoria, so understanding who breaches and why, is important for agencies that provide services to both respondents and applicants. This paper identifies the common characteristics of respondents who receive legal assistance when charged with breach of a family violence intervention order. It also analyses the characteristics of clients who have received legal assistance multiple times when charged with breaching a family violence order. The paper reinforces the need to ensure: - people charged with breaches receive appropriate legal advice - orders are tailored to the circumstances of each client - that we make appropriate referrals to other agencies, including non-legal agencies if necessary. Providing appropriate legal advice and support may help increase the rate of compliance with family violence intervention orders, reduce recidivism and increase safety for victims. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Legal Aid, 2016. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 10, 2016 at: https://www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/about-us/what-we-do/research-and-analysis/characteristics-of-respondents-charged-with-breach-of-family-violence-intervention-orders Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: https://www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/about-us/what-we-do/research-and-analysis/characteristics-of-respondents-charged-with-breach-of-family-violence-intervention-orders Shelf Number: 138167 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Violence Against Women

Author: Bueno, Cruz Caridad Title: A Knife Hidden in Roses: Development and Gender Violence in the Dominican Republic Summary: On September 30, 2012, Jonathan Torres stabbed his wife, Miguelina Martinez, fifty-two times in a beauty salon in Santiago, Dominican Republic. Ms. Martinez, 33 years-old, went to the district attorney's office eighteen times in the two weeks prior to her murder to report that because of her husband's violent threats she left her home. He killed her because she no longer wanted to be with him; the knife he used was hidden in a bouquet of roses. This dissertation interrogates the state of development and gender violence in the Dominican Republic. The first chapter examines the implications of racial, gender, and class stratification on the economic and social opportunities of low-income women, predominantly of African descent, working in the export processing zones and as domestic workers. The second chapter explores the correlation between women's economic, political, and social characteristics and the incidence domestic violence using data from the Demographic and Health Survey. Further, I test which model - the household bargaining model (HBM) or the male backlash model (MBM) - best explains gender violence. I find that the HBM better predicts physical violence, while the MBM better predicts sexual violence. However, when I disaggregate asset-poor women and asset-rich women, I find that the HBM is more adept at explaining gender violence for asset-rich women and the MBM for asset-poor women The third chapter explores the role of women's and men's endogenous preferences on the justifications of gender violence. In both the female and male specifications, there is a positive correlation between men making more decisions and the justification of gender violence. Women that support gender equity are less likely to justify gender violence; while husbands that are less gender progressive are more likely to justify gender violence. Based on my findings, I conclude that the Dominican government's economic policies of the last thirty years are the knife hidden in the government' roses or rhetoric of human development and women's rights. To promote human development and foster women's rights, the Dominican government must embark on a new trajectory focused on human capital formation and a more equitable distribution of income, wealth, and power. Details: Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 2013. 191p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed March 30, 2016 at: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1842&context=open_access_dissertations Year: 2013 Country: Dominican Republic URL: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1842&context=open_access_dissertations Shelf Number: 138485 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Socioeconomic Conditions and Crime Violence Against Women

Author: European Parliament. Directorate-General for Internal Policies. Policy Department C Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs Title: The Issue of Violence Against Women in the European Union Summary: This study provides an update of the 2011 study on the Issue of Violence against women in the European Union. The different forms and interrelated factors of violence against women are examined. The study also provides an overview of the current international and European political and legal framework on violence against women. Other issues such as the difficulty of the monitoring and gathering of data, the protection of victims, and the prevention of violence against women are also discussed. Details: Brussels: European Parliament, 2016. 60p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 31, 2016 at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/556931/IPOL_STU(2016)556931_EN.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Europe URL: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/556931/IPOL_STU(2016)556931_EN.pdf Shelf Number: 138506 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Related Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Violence Violence Against Women

Author: McKenzie, Mandy Title: Out of character? : legal responses to intimate partner homicides by men in Victoria 2005 - 2014 Summary: Over a 10-year period (2002-2012) in Australia, 488 women were killed by an intimate partner or ex-partner (Cussen & Bryant 2015a). These homicides are the extreme end of a continuum of violence against women and children in families. Domestic and family violence (hereafter referred to as family violence) has become the focus of increasing community concern in Australia over recent years. There is a growing awareness of the scale, impact and costs associated with family violence. Research and death reviews in Australia and internationally over the last two decades have highlighted that systemic failures in legal responses to family violence contribute to these deaths. For example, in the 1990s in Victoria, the Women's Coalition Against Family Violence (WCAFV) documented the impact of domestic murders of women and children in Blood on whose hands? The killing of women and children in domestic homicides (WCAFV 1994). The book outlined the stories of women and children who had been killed in domestic homicides in Victoria. The accounts demonstrated the failure of the police, legal and support services. This study examined risk factors and legal responses in 51 homicides by men between 2005-2014. A history of family violence and relationship separation were key factors in these deaths. Details: Melbourne, Vic.: Domestic Violence Research Centre Victoria, 2016. 164p. Source: Internet Resource: DVRCV Discussion Paper, No. 10): Accessed May 11, 2016 at: http://www.dvrcv.org.au/sites/default/files/out_of_character_dvrcv.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.dvrcv.org.au/sites/default/files/out_of_character_dvrcv.pdf Shelf Number: 138965 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Children

Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Smartphone Data: Information and Issues Regarding Surreptitious Tracking Apps That Can Facilitate Stalking Summary: GAO found that the majority of the reviewed websites for smartphone tracking applications (apps) marketed their products to parents or employers to track the location of their children or employees, respectively, or to monitor them in other ways, such as intercepting their smartphone communications. Several tracking apps were marketed to individuals for the purpose of tracking or intercepting the communications of an intimate partner to determine if that partner was cheating. About one-third of the websites marketed their tracking apps as surreptitious, specifically to track the location and intercept the smartphone communications of children, employees, or intimate partners without their knowledge or consent. The key concerns of the stakeholders with whom GAO spoke-including domestic violence groups, privacy groups, and academics-were questions about: (1) the applicability of current federal laws to the manufacture, sale, and use of surreptitious tracking apps; (2) the limited enforcement of current laws; and (3) the need for additional education about tracking apps. GAO found that some federal laws apply or potentially apply to smartphone tracking apps, particularly those that surreptitiously intercept communications such as e-mails or texts, but may not apply to some instances involving surreptitiously tracking location. Statutes that may be applicable to surreptitious tracking apps, depending on the circumstances of their sale or use, are statutes related to wiretapping, unfair or deceptive trade practices, computer fraud, and stalking. Stakeholders also expressed concerns over what they perceived to be limited enforcement of laws related to tracking apps and stalking. Some of these stakeholders believed it was important to prosecute companies that manufacture surreptitious tracking apps and market them for the purpose of spying. Domestic violence groups stated that additional education of law enforcement officials and consumers about how to protect against, detect, and remove tracking apps is needed. The federal government has undertaken educational, enforcement, and legislative efforts to protect individuals from the use of surreptitious tracking apps, but stakeholders differed over whether current federal laws need to be strengthened to combat stalking. Educational efforts by the Department of Justice (DOJ) have included funding for the Stalking Resource Center, which trains law enforcement officers, victim service professionals, policymakers, and researchers on the use of technology in stalking. With regard to enforcement, DOJ has prosecuted a manufacturer and an individual under the federal wiretap statute for the manufacture or use of a surreptitious tracking app. Some stakeholders believed the federal wiretap statute should be amended to explicitly include the interception of location data and DOJ has proposed amending the statute to allow for the forfeiture of proceeds from the sale of smartphone tracking apps and to make the sale of such apps a predicate offense for money laundering. Stakeholders differed in their opinions on the applicability and strengths of the relevant federal laws and the need for legislative action. Some industry stakeholders were concerned that legislative actions could be overly broad and harm legitimate uses of tracking apps. However, stakeholders generally agreed that location data can be highly personal information and are deserving of privacy protections. Details: Washington, DC: GAO, 2016. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 16, 2016 at: http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/676738.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/676738.pdf Shelf Number: 139047 Keywords: Domestic Violence Online Communications Smartphones Stalking Violence Against Women

Author: Bobonis, Gustavo J. Title: Conditional Cash Transfers for Women and Spousal Violence: Evidence of the Long-Term Relationship from the Oportunidades Program in Rural Mexico Summary: This paper provides evidence of the long-term relationship between male-to-female spousal violence and the Oportunidades conditional cash transfer program. It uses data from three nationally representative surveys that include detailed information on the prevalence of spousal abuse and threats of violence against women. Constructing comparable groups of beneficiary and non-beneficiary households within each village to minimize potential selection biases, the present study finds that, in contrast to the short-run estimates, physical and emotional abuse rates over the long term do not differ significantly between existing beneficiary and non-beneficiary couples. The paper examines possible causes for the difference, most importantly, the role that marital selection and the diffusion of norms rejecting intimate partner violence may play in explaining these effects. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: IDB WORKING PAPER SERIES No IDB-WP-632: Accessed May 18, 2016 at: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7267/ICS_WP_Conditional_Cash_Transfers_for_Women_and_Spousal_Violence.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2015 Country: Mexico URL: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7267/ICS_WP_Conditional_Cash_Transfers_for_Women_and_Spousal_Violence.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 139077 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Spouse Abuse Violence Against Women

Author: Hester, Marianne Title: Overview and Analysis of Research Studies Evaluating European Perpetrator Programmes Summary: Evaluating whether domestic violence perpetrator programmes contribute to the safety of women and children victims/ survivors is essential for both policy makers and for practitioners1. However, until very recently there was no synthesised body of European evidence on 'what works' in domestic violence perpetrator programmes and issues of transferability means that existing evidence (e.g. from North American studies) cannot easily be generalised to a European context. In order to fill the existing knowledge gap about evaluations of perpetrator programmes across Europe, the Daphne III IMPACT project aimed to: - Provide an overview of outcome monitoring practices within perpetrator programmes across Europe (workstream 1) - Provide an overview of the research /evaluations of these programmes (workstream 2) - Identify the possibilities and challenges of a multi-country, European-wide evaluation methodology (workstream 3) - Develop a monitoring/evaluation toolkit that can be used by perpetrator programmes in future (workstream 4). This working paper describes the methodology and results of the work undertaken in workstream 2. The main objective of workstream 2 was to provide detailed analysis of a range of evaluation research studies linked to European perpetrator programmes, in order to provide criteria for robust evaluations and to feed into the development of a monitoring/evaluation toolkit [workstream 4]. The focus was not on the day-to-day outcome monitoring practices of perpetrator programmes but on the scientific process and outcome research. Specifically, workstream 2 aimed to develop - detailed knowledge about the approaches used in evaluation research studies across Europe, with particular emphasis on the methods, input, output and measures of outcome - a set of criteria related to scientific robustness that can accomodate realistic approches and a variety of methods and thus point to a 'new generation' of evaluation research. Details: s.l.: Dissens, 2014. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Working paper 2 from the Daphne III project "IMPACT: Evaluation of European Perpetrator Programmes": Accessed May 27, 2016 at: http://www.work-with-perpetrators.eu/fileadmin/WWP_Network/redakteure/IMPACT/Daphne_III_Impact_-_Working_paper_2_-_Overview_and_Analysis_of_Research_Studies_-_Evaluating_European_Perpetrator_Programmes.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Europe URL: http://www.work-with-perpetrators.eu/fileadmin/WWP_Network/redakteure/IMPACT/Daphne_III_Impact_-_Working_paper_2_-_Overview_and_Analysis_of_Research_Studies_-_Evaluating_European_Perpetrator_Programmes.pdf Shelf Number: 139335 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Breckenridge, Jan Title: National mapping and meta-evaluation outlining key features of effective Summary: This research project provided a national mapping and meta-evaluation of the key features of "safe at home" programs. "Safe at home" programs enhance safety and prevent homelessness for women and their children who have experienced domestic and family violence. The first stage, a state of knowledge paper, provided a comprehensive review of the literature and a national mapping of current "safe at home" programs by jurisdiction, including details of legislation underpinning "safe at home" programs in each jurisdiction. The second stage, the final research report, was a meta-evaluation of select evidence about Australian "safe at home" programs and practices. The meta-evaluation examined 20 evaluations of "safe at home" programs across Australia to identify the key features of effective programs and to provide recommendations for policy-makers, practitioners and researchers. The report found that "safe at home" programs had four common underlying themes, but each focused primarily on maximising women's safety, using protection orders and ouster/exclusion provisions to reduce the risk of a perpetrator returning, or preventing homelessness, using case-management to assess risk, manage safety planning and consider women's needs over time. Overall, one or more of the themes were identified across the "safe at home" evaluations, but the emphasis varied by program and at different points during the response provided. It also found: - The lead agency in each state or territory appears to determine how "safe at home" is rolled out and whether it is focused on housing ("stay at home") or criminal justice ("safe at home"). "Stay at home" responses are mostly offered over a longer period of time, compared with many first-response services involving specialist homelessness services. A longer period of service provision allows for ongoing and dynamic assessment of risk and for women's changing needs to be met at different points of time. - It is still unclear whether independent strategies which could be used in any domestic violence-related intervention (e.g. risk assessment, brokerage, safety alarms and specialised police response) should be considered "safe at home" responses in their own right; or whether these strategies are most useful and of greater impact when embedded in a more comprehensive program, and offers case management beyond the initial crisis period. - Monitoring data indicates that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women are accessing "safe at home" responses, but little is known of the usefulness of such interventions for these groups. As emphasised in all of the Australian evaluations included in this meta-evaluation, "safe at home" is not intended to be the only response for women leaving a violent relationship. While not replacing the need for refuges or specialist homelessness services, "safe at home" programs are an important complementary offering which allows more women to leave a violent relationship. "Safe at home" options are also intended to be a socially just response for some women in certain circumstances to have the important choice to not uproot their lives and those of their children by fleeing their family home. Details: Alexandria, NSW: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS)132p. Source: Internet Resource: ANROWS Horizons, Issue 01/2016: Accessed May 31, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/Safe%20at%20home%20meta-evaluation%20final%20report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/Safe%20at%20home%20meta-evaluation%20final%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 139242 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Victim Services Victims of Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Gulliver, Pauline Title: Understanding research on risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence Summary: Key messages - Conceptual models guide the exploration of risk and protective factors. - Conceptual models help us to organise our thoughts and identify relationships between the different risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence, and other forms of violence. - Some conceptual models (such as the ecological model) have helped to expand our understanding of the wider societal and community factors that impact on violence experience. - Consistent findings at the international level have allowed the identification of a common set of factors that are strongly associated with violence experience, but these are not the only factors that influence the likelihood of violence occurring. - There are some challenges involved with measuring some risk or protective factors - Most of the research identifying risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence collect information at only one point in time. The result is that it is difficult to establish whether factors that are related to violence experience caused the violence or are a result of experiencing the violence (or both). - While, the use of controlling behaviours is strongly associated with violence experience, behaviours can mean different things to different people. It is important to understand the context of an abuser's behaviour in order to fully understanding the meaning. - There is no "one true cause" of intimate partner violence. - Violence is typically the outcome of the interaction of many different factors. - Individual, relationship, community, social and cultural factors work together to enhance or reduce the likelihood of violence being perpetrated or experienced. - Violence is a behaviour which is governed by choice. Decisions and subsequent actions are influenced by societal attitudes about what is considered acceptable behaviour. - A comprehensive, multi-pronged approach is required to address intimate partner violence as well as other forms of family violence in New Zealand. - Lessons can be learned from systematic approaches to addressing other problem behaviour patterns. For example, addressing the road toll required: - Investment in infrastructure - Legislation to reduce risk - Social marketing campaigns - Improvements in safety design - Swift and sure punishment where laws were broken - Increased resourcing at high risk periods - Consistent and adequate funding over a sustained period of time - To optimise the likelihood of success a long-term investment in policy, infrastructure and communities is required. This needs to be supported by an overall strategic government framework for addressing IPV. Details: Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, 2016. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 10: Accessed June 11, 2016 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-10.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand URL: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-10.pdf Shelf Number: 139397 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence (New Zealand) Intimate Partner Violence Risk Management Violence Against Women

Author: KM Research and Consultancy Ltd. Title: Evaluation of the Caring Dads Cymru Programme Summary: 1 Executive Summary What is Caring Dads? Caring Dads Cymru (CDC) is a group work voluntary programme for men who are at risk of committing domestic viol ence and therefore, at risk of causing harm to their children. The Caring D ads programme originated in Canada but the programme content and theory wa s adapted and applied in Wales. CDC was delivered by the NSPCC and included group 'facilitators', who delivered the group work, central coordina tion and management and partner Support Workers who worked with clients' part ners or ex partners to ensure their safety and wellbeing. A central theory behind CDC is that men will be more motivated to engage in an intervention to address their abusive behaviour if the focus is ostensibly on their relationship with their children. The CDC programme was first initia ted in 2006 and funded by the Welsh Government. The programme was run by NSPCC Cymru. The Evaluation of Caring Dads Cymru The aim of the evaluation, which spanned two years of the Programme, was to establish the effectiveness of th e programme in changing men's abusive attitudes and behaviours thus preventing them from doing harm to children and children's mothers. Methods The evaluation included the following methods: - Interviews with Caring Dads facilitators and clients - Interviews with partners or ex part ners of Caring Dads clients, not necessarily connected to the client research participants - Standardised psychological measures given by CDC clients at the beginning and end of the programme - Interviews with staff who had referred men to CDC - A research and practitioner symposium to explore the purpose of Caring Dads and make recommendati ons for accreditation of the scheme. Details: Merthyr Tydfil, Wales: Welsh Government Social Research, 2012. 101p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/15837/1/120706caringdadsen.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/15837/1/120706caringdadsen.pdf Shelf Number: 139498 Keywords: Abusive Men Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Parenting

Author: McConnell, Nicola Title: Caring Dads: Safer Children. Evaluation Report Summary: Caring Dads: Safer Children 8 keY finDings: Young people's version Caring Dads: Safer Children (CDSC) is a training course that helps fathers who bully or are unkind to their family. The NSPCC has done some research to find out if the fathers were better dads after the course. - Some children felt happier and safer after their fathers had been on the course. Other children said their fathers could still be unkind or angry. - Most fathers said that they found it easier to be a good dad after the course. - Some of the children's mothers were very unhappy before the course. After the course, some mothers were happier. - Some mothers said that the father stopped bullying or being nasty after the course. Details: London: NSPCC, 2016. 168p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2016 at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/evaluation-of-services/caring-dads-safer-children-evaluation-report-large-text.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/evaluation-of-services/caring-dads-safer-children-evaluation-report-large-text.pdf Shelf Number: 139599 Keywords: Abusive Men Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Parenting

Author: Torrey, E. Fuller Title: Raising Cain: The Role of Serious Mental Illness in Family Homicides Summary: Most individuals with serious mental illness are not dangerous. However, a small number of them, most of whom are not being treated, may become dangerous to themselves or to others. Some of these individuals may assault or even kill family members. This problem has received insufficient attention. - Although there have been previous studies of particular types of family homicides, such as children killed by parents, this is the first study of the role of serious mental illness in all family homicides. - For a sample of the nation's homicides, local law enforcement agencies voluntarily submit Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHRs) to the FBI that include the relationship between the person committing the homicide (offender) and the victim. In 2013, 25% of homicides detailed in SHRs involved the killing of one member of a family by another. The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) is the most comprehensive source of homicide data in the United States. The NVSS reported that in 2013 there were 16,121 total homicides in the nation. Applying the SHR prevalence rate for family relationships, 4,000 of these deaths would have been family homicides. The role of serious mental illness in these homicides is not identified by any federal database, including the SHRs. However, studies of family homicides consistently find psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to be vastly overrepresented among people who commit family homicides. Based on a review of the relevant literature from 1960 to 2015, the role of serious mental illness in family homicides is estimated to be a factor as follows: - 50% when parents kill children - 67% when children kill parents - 10% when spouses kill spouses - 15% when siblings kill siblings - 10% for other family relationships . Raising Cain : THE ROLE OF SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS IN FAMILY HOMICIDES Based on these estimates, there would have been 1,149 family homicides in 2013 in which the offender had a serious mental illness. This would have been 29% of family homicides and 7% of all homicides. These 1,149 homicides outstrip the number of deaths attributed to meningitis, kidney infection or Hodgkin's disease in 2013. Although there has been a marked decrease in the overall homicide rate in the United States in recent years, there has been no decrease in family homicides in which parents kill children or children kill parents. These are the family homicides most strongly associated with serious mental illness. Women are responsible for only 11% of all homicides in the United States. However, they commit 26% of family homicides. Family homicides identified in the independent Preventable Tragedies Database in 2015 illustrate the statistics. All the homicides in this database were reported in the media to be associated with serious mental illness. In 2015, the database reported 100 family homicides. Among the 141 victims of these 100 family homicides, 25 (17.7%) were people 65 and older, including 13 (9.2%) who were 75 and older. In contrast, among all homicides in the United States, only 5.1% of the victims are 65 and older, and 2.2% are 75 and older. Thus among family homicides associated with serious mental illness, elderly individuals are victimized three to four times more frequently than would be expected among homicides in the general population. Knives and other sharp objects are used as weapons more often than guns in family homicides. Abuse of alcohol or drugs and failure to take medication prescribed for serious mental illness are major risk factors for committing a family homicide. Family homicides are merely the most visible of the problems associated with having a seriously mentally ill family member who is not being treated. In order to decrease family homicides, it will be necessary to provide adequate treatment for individuals with serious mental illness, focusing especially on those with the greatest risk factors. Clozapine, long-acting injectable antipsychotics and assisted outpatient treatment are especially useful in this regard. If the offenders had received such treatments, the majority of these 1,149 family homicides could have been prevented. Details: Arlington, VA: Treatment Advocacy Center, 2016. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2016 at: http://www.tacreports.org/storage/documents/raising-cain.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.tacreports.org/storage/documents/raising-cain.pdf Shelf Number: 139640 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicides Mental Illness Mentally Ill Offenders

Author: Spinney, Angela Title: Reducing the Need for Women and Children to Make Repeated Use of Refuge and Other Crisis Accommodation Summary: This report sets out the findings of a res earch project investigating Early Intervention Strategies to Reduce the Need for Women and Children to Make Repeated Use of Refuge and Other Crisis Accommodation. The project is intended to bring forward knowledge of the reasons for the decisions made by women who have been subject to domestic and family violence regarding whether to leave the family home for a refuge in order to escape the abuse, whether to return to the perpetrator and whether to leave again. It also explores the efficacy of primary prevention and early intervention schemes, including perpetrator behaviour change programs, in reducing women's and children's multiple experiences of refuge and other emergency accommodation. Finally, the project explores what best practice and service standards would be needed if Staying Home Leaving Violence (SHLV) models were to be implemented more widely in Australia. The research has been funded by the Commonwealth Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) under the National Homelessness Research Partnership. The research questions are: - Why is it that women and children often leave home and return several times before an abusive situation of domestic and family violence ends? - What Australian evidence is there about the number of incidents of violence and abuse experienced by a woman, and the number of separate occasions a woman may access homelessness accommodation services, prior to resolution of her domestic violence situation? - How and to what extent have innovative early intervention schemes introduced in Australia since the mid-1990s been successful in enabling women and children to reduce their multiple experiences of violence and multiple use of refuge and other emergency accommodation? - What are the advantages and disadvantages of different responses in terms of service provision and from the point of view of the woman and her children? - What best practice risk assessment processes and service standards and arrangements are needed if Safe at Home/SHLV models are to be implemented more widely? - Do these findings have other implications for Australian policy and practice ? Details: Melbourne: Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2012. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/spinney_2012_-_reducing_the_need_for_women_and_children_to_make_repeated_use_of_refuge_and_other_crisis_accommodation.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/spinney_2012_-_reducing_the_need_for_women_and_children_to_make_repeated_use_of_refuge_and_other_crisis_accommodation.pdf Shelf Number: 139643 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homelessness (Australia) Housing Victim Services

Author: Asia Foundation Title: Understanding Violence against Women and Children in Timor-Leste: Findings from the Nabilan Baseline Study. Main Report Summary: This research contributes ground-breaking knowledge on violence against women in Timor-Leste, and directly addresses the gap in reliable, representative quantitative data on women's experiences and men's perpetration of violence. The significant work that national civil society organizations, key government stakeholders, academics, international non-governmental organizations and United Nations agencies have conducted in Timor-Leste illustrates that women in this country routinely suffer multiple dimensions of violence. The Nabilan Health and Life Experiences Baseline Study adds new insights into this issue and into the immense implications of violence on women's health and wellbeing, as well as that of their children, their families and their communities. This research also reveals, for the first time, information on men's use of violence against women - information which is crucial for programs working with men and boys to prevent violence. In addition, through an analysis of statistically significant risk and protective factors for violence against women, the Study provides tangible and evidence-based recommendations for the approaches that will be most effective in preventing violence against women in Timor-Leste. One such risk factor that must urgently be addressed, for example, is child abuse - the rates of which, as this research shows, are extremely high. While the rates of violence in this study are considerably higher than the 2009-2010 Demographic Health Survey, this should not be interpreted as indicative of a major rise in the rates for Timor-Leste, rather that the rates are actually higher than previous estimates. The Study findings unequivocally illustrate that violence against women is a critical development issue for Timor-Leste. Without breaking the cycle of violence, which includes the normalization of physical, sexual and intellectual abuse of women, Timor-Leste will not be able to advance as a modern, liberal, thriving democracy with a healthy population. Through its struggles for independence and journey to nationhood, Timor-Leste has shown itself to be a nation of great resolve and strategic thinking. This matter of violence against women and children must be seen in the same light, and it will have far reaching implications not just for women and children, but for the nation as a whole, both domestically and internationally. Details: Dili, Timor-Leste: The Asian Foundation, 2016. 352p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 23, 2016 at: http://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/nabilan-main-report-screen-2016-06-01.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Asia URL: http://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/nabilan-main-report-screen-2016-06-01.pdf Shelf Number: 139799 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Children

Author: Morales, Alvaro Title: "Face the Bullet, Spare the Rod?": Evidence from the Aftermath of the Shining Path Insurgency Summary: We investigate whether violence occurring outside the confines of a home can alter intra- household violence inter-generationally. This paper is the first to explore whether exposure to violence from an armed conflict affects the later use of physical punishment as a child discipline method. Our identification strategy relies on the spatial and temporal variation of the Peruvian civil conflict that occurred between 1980 and 2000. We find that a mother exposed to an additional one hundred violent conflict-related events in her district is 3.4-3.8 percentage points less likely to physically punish her children. This effect is equivalent in magnitude to an additional 10 years of education. We find suggestive evidence that the conflict could have increased parenting knowledge and support. Communities that experienced higher levels of conflict violence saw greater increases in social spending and had more health resources in the post-conflict period. Additionally, we find women's conflict exposure is associated with a higher likelihood of accessing these resources. Details: Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2016. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Paper No. 10093: Accessed August 3, 2016 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp10093.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Peru URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp10093.pdf Shelf Number: 139963 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Maltreatment Conflict Violence Domestic Violence

Author: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women Title: Femicide in Armenia: A Silent Epidemic Summary: Published by the Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women, this report records the death of women killed by intimate partners and family members and sheds light on the manifestations of gender-related killings and acts of violence that are uniquely experienced by women in Armenia. We choose to use the term femicide in this report as opposed to the more gender-neutral term homicide, which overlooks the unique systems of inequality and oppression that women face. Domestic homicides in Armenia are largely carried out by men, and in the rare instances that they are carried out by women against male intimate partners, it is often in self defense. Thus, the gendered context and impact of domestic abuse warrants its own unique category. Details: s.l.: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Women, 2016. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2016 at: http://coalitionagainstviolence.org/en/femicide-en/ Year: 2016 Country: Armenia URL: http://coalitionagainstviolence.org/en/femicide-en/ Shelf Number: 140109 Keywords: Domestic Violence Femicide Gender-Related Violence Homicide Intimate-Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Victoria. Sentencing Advisory Council Title: Contravention of Family Violence Intervention Orders and Safety Notices: Prior Offences and Reoffending Summary: Building on the Council's previous work, this study examines factors associated with reoffending by, and the prior offences of, the 1,898 offenders sentenced for breaching a family violence intervention order or family violence safety notice in Victoria in the financial year 2009-10. The study examines offending by this group in the five years before, and the five years after, 2009-10. Details: Melbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council, 2016. 130p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 2, 2016 at: https://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/Contravention%20of%20FVIOs%20and%20FVSNs%20Prior%20Offences%20and%20Reoffending.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: https://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/Contravention%20of%20FVIOs%20and%20FVSNs%20Prior%20Offences%20and%20Reoffending.pdf Shelf Number: 140128 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Recidivism Reoffending

Author: Munyo, Ignacio Title: Is it Displacement: Evidence on the Impact of Police Monitoring on Crime Summary: We exploit detailed information on the location and exact date of installation of police-monitored surveillance cameras plus daily data at the street-segment level on all reported crimes in the city of Montevideo, Uruguay, to study the impact of police monitoring on crime. The incorporation of police-monitored surveillance cameras reduces crime in 85 percent in monitored areas relative to un-monitored areas of the city. Results are robust to alternative definitions of the control group and to a series of robustness checks. We run a series of placebo experiments that reassure that the findings have a causal interpretation. When we analyze aggregate crime, however, we find that total crime remain unchanged, thus indicating that the reduction in crime in police monitored areas of the city is compensated by an increase in crime in other areas of the city. Details: Unpublished paper, 2016. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2016 at: http://www.ridge.uy/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Rossi_Martin.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Uruguay URL: http://www.ridge.uy/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Rossi_Martin.pdf Shelf Number: 147895 Keywords: Crime Displacement Domestic Violence Surveillance Cameras Theft Robbery Video Recording

Author: Great Britain. Crown Prosecution Service Title: Violence against Women and Girls: Crime Report, 2013-2014 Summary: This report is an analysis of the key prosecution issues in each Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) strand - domestic violence (DV), rape, sexual offences, stalking, harassment, forced marriage, honour based violence, female genital mutilation, child abuse, human trafficking, prostitution and pornography. We recognise that most of these offences are targeted at male victims as well as female victims. A number of case studies are used to illustrate some good practice from Areas. Details: London: Crown Prosecution Services, 2014. 91p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 15, 2016 at: https://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2014.pdf Shelf Number: 147889 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Honour-Based Violence Human Trafficking Pornography Prostitution Sex Offenses Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Goggins, Becki Title: State Progress in Record Reporting for Firearm-Related Checks: Protection Order Submissions Summary: A protection order - also known as a restraining order, order of protection, protective order, or an injunction - is an order issued by a civil or criminal court for the purpose of preventing violence or threatening acts or harassment against, sexual violence, or contact or communication with or physical proximity to another person.1 This order may also contain other provisions such as requiring the abuser to relinquish firearms and/or refrain from all contact with the victim of abuse. When the subject of the protection order violates the terms established by the court, the victim can ask law enforcement (or the court) to enforce the order. In 1994, Congress enacted the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), which requires all U.S. states and territories to give "full faith and credit" to all valid orders of protection issued by other jurisdictions including tribal lands, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. The intent of this provision is to ensure that victims of abuse can call upon law enforcement for protection no matter where they are in the country. While persons who have been granted protection orders are encouraged to keep a copy of the order with them at all times, sometimes this is simply not practical or even possible. Since many jurisdictions require validation of a protection order if it cannot be visually inspected, it is important that protection orders be entered into the Protection Order File of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) as this is the best way to ensure that a record of its existence can be confirmed by law enforcement across the nation. For firearm- and explosive-related background checks the federal law contains provisions that narrow the circumstances when a protection order serves as a bar to receiving a firearm. The protection order must restrain the person who is the subject of the protection order from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner or child of such intimate partner, or prevent the subject of the order from engaging in other conduct that would place the partner or child in reasonable fear of bodily injury. An intimate partner is defined as the spouse of the person, a former spouse of the person, an individual who is a parent of a child of the person, and an individual who cohabits or has cohabited with the person. In addition, the protection order must arise from a hearing in which the subject of the order had both notice and opportunity to participate. Some states have enacted laws expanding the nature of the relationship or types of conduct underlying the issuance of a protection order; these expanded-parameter protection orders serve as state disqualifiers for receiving a firearm. Details: Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts; Sacramento: SEARCH - National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, 2016. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 20, 2016 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bjs/grants/249864.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bjs/grants/249864.pdf Shelf Number: 140374 Keywords: Background Checks Domestic Violence Gun Control Protection Orders Restraining Orders

Author: Alcohol Concern Title: Domestic Abuse and Change Resistant Drinkers: Preventing and Reducing the Harm Summary: The relationship between alcohol and violence is well researched, although less so in the more complex context of domestic abuse. Whilst there is evidence that alcohol use by perpetrators, and to a lesser extent by victims, increases the frequency of violence and the seriousness of the outcomes , this does not mean that alcohol use causes domestic abuse. It is neither an excuse nor an explanation. Both Alcohol Concern's Embrace Project and AVA's Stella Project have previously produced guidance on how to address domestic abuse and alcohol use. This guidance builds on the existing literature and uses the learning from reviewing domestic homicide review (DHR) reports to further our understanding of how to deal with cases of alcohol related domestic abuse, particularly more complex cases that involve change resistant drinkers. The aim of this guidance is to create a baseline of good practice for those supporting clients that have been understood to be change resistant drinkers and who are perpetrating or experiencing domestic violence. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2016. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 23, 2016 at: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.domesticabuseservices.org.uk/professionals/news/news-file/Domestic%20abuse%20and%20change%20resistant%20drinkers%20-%20learning%20lessons%20from%20domestic%20homicide%20reviews.pdf Shelf Number: 146115 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Treatment Programs Alcoholism Domestic Violence

Author: Somasekhar, Sripriya Title: Summary: Migration is a complex process undertaken for a wide range of reasons. To leave the country of ones birth to settle in another is likely to involve disruption to existing family and community relationships, reassessing ones culture of origin, reassessing ones identity and "fitting in" with a host culture. For many migrants, relative poverty, isolation, racism and prejudice are additional challenges and often, obtaining permanent resident status is far from straight forward. For these sorts of reasons, immigrant women who experience domestic violence face particular challenges over and above those faced by women from the dominant host culture. Although there is a field of international literature which identifies immigrant-specific factors that trigger or maintain domestic violence, there is little such research in New Zealand and none which specifically focuses on Indian women immigrants. This research is positioned within a view of domestic violence in India being a socio-cultural issue cutting across all castes, social classes and religions. The research increases awareness of cultural perspectives that foster violence and abuse, and investigates how the process of migration affects Indian women's attempts to navigate their safety in the context of New Zealand. In particular, it reveals the barriers that Indian immigrant woman experiencing domestic violence face in seeking help, paying particular attention to the socio- cultural aspects of the Indian Diaspora in New Zealand. There were two phases to the data collection- semi- structured face-to-face interviews with key informants in India and New Zealand and case studies of Indian migrant women who experience domestic violence. The key findings suggest that patriarchal attitudes and a sense of male entitlement are pivotal in perpetuating and tolerating domestic violence. In-laws are heavily implicated in the abuse (emotional, physical and financial) of women. This includes continued dowry demands after the wedding. Women reported isolation as an integral aspect of power and control exercised by their spouse in a host country. This and the shame they might bring upon their family and community were key reasons for not seeking help. Uncertain immigration status of women hindered reporting domestic violence. Although some community members were helpful, too often the Indian migrant community colluded with the abuser and/or were tolerant of domestic violence. Indian migrant women were sometimes out-manoeuvred by their partners in the family court by using 'orders preventing removal' of children. Even after women left the abusive relationship, they were emotionally abused by the partner using their children. Culturally safe practices are paramount to ensure women are not further victimized when they approach services. Details: Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato, 2016. 316p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 26, 2016 at: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/10592 Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand URL: http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/10592 Shelf Number: 140457 Keywords: Abused Wives Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Gillespie, Terry Title: Honour based violence and the Multi-Age Approach in Nottingham Response of local agencies to honour based violence Summary: The focus of the research was to gain an understanding of the current levels of HBV in Nottingham and the nature of the multi-agency response. The main aim of the research was to gain an understanding of practitioners' work with a range of issues relating to honour based violence (HBV) within partnership agencies. The revised Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy Action Plan published by the government in 2010 (Home Office, 2010) gave precedence to a co-ordinated approach to ending all forms of violence against women including HBV and forced marriage. There is a paucity of empirical research on HBV, which Gill (2011) argues is under-researched. The current literature on honour based violence demonstrates a lack of agreement regarding the definition of keys terms. It has been argued that there has been an emphasis on traditional male 'honour' which often overlooks violence that is used as a means of control over women. Therefore, Gill (2011) argues in favour of a radical departure from such 'semantic struggles', '...the notion of HBV should be overthrown entirely...the problem should be seen as a specific manifestation of VAW' (Gill, 2011, p. 219, cited in Idriss and Abbas). We address the debate on definitions of HBV in Section Two of this report. Both primary and secondary research methods were adopted for this study in order to gain an understanding of how practitioners work locally and within the context of current legislative and policy underpinnings. The primary research took the form of semi-structured interviews which were conducted with representatives from the Police, Nottingham City Council, local domestic abuse and HBV support networks, Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Nottingham City Care, Domestic Abuse Support Unit (DASU) and a family law barrister. Key findings from the research: - There were significant issues concerning the recording of HBV at a local level. It was found that HBV is often not recorded separately from other domestic abuse. - There was an effective use of Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARACs) (monitoring high risk cases of domestic abuse) with cases of HBV. - Many practitioners had received some basic training on domestic abuse (DA) and HBV but most felt more was needed, particularly in relation to HBV. - It was felt that greater awareness needs to be raised amongst communities, for example, through the education of young people in schools and colleges. - The research highlighted the importance of partnership working in order to continue to provide support for survivors of HBV. - There were levels of uncertainty about how the Coalition Government's restructuring of local authority spending could affect frontline services. Recent government campaigns, endorsed in the views expressed by the participants in this study, focus on the importance attached to classifying cases as honour based (Home Office, 2011). For example, it was found from the primary research that there is a need to respond differently to these crimes and to identify a range of risks to the survivors, their friends and family. It is believed this is only possible when they are being flagged separately from other cases of domestic abuse and that practitioners are trained to identify these cases. This topical research has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the nature of HBV and the importance of multi-agency working to provide effective support for survivors. It has also raised questions about the prevention and detection of such cases and the sanctions imposed by the criminal justice system. However, the latter was not a key focus of the study and it is suggested in the Conclusion to this report that this could be an area for future research Details: Nottingham, UK: Nottingham Trent University, 2011. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 28, 2016 at: http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/16032/1/203829_FinalElectronicHBVReportDec2011%20converted.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/16032/1/203829_FinalElectronicHBVReportDec2011%20converted.pdf Shelf Number: 146162 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Related Violence Honor-Based Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Phelps, William Title: Domestic Violence in Idaho: 2008-2013 Summary: The purpose of this report on domestic violence in Idaho is to inform the criminal justice community and other interested parties about the prevalence and characteristics of intimate partner violence and court cases often associated with domestic violence within the state of Idaho. This report presents information on police-reported violence between intimate partners and domestic violence related court cases during 2008 through 2013. Information on intimate partner violence comes from police incidents reported to the Idaho Incident Based Reporting System (IIBRS). Within this section, Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to violent crimes reported to the police where the victim was an offender's spouse, ex-spouse, common-law spouse, or boy/girlfriend, as provided in police incident reports. As a result, data from IIBRS does not necessarily reflect the statutory definition of domestic violence in the state of Idaho. Within the Idaho Supreme Court Records section of this report, domestic violence is defined by statute as a battery or assault of another household member (i.e., spouse, former spouse, child in common, or a cohabitant). Included in the analysis of court data are crimes associated with domestic violence: stalking, attempted strangulation, protection order violations, violations of no contact orders, as well as domestic violenceassault/battery. Highlights Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) from the Idaho Incident Based Reporting System (IIBRS) - Simple assaults make up 76% of all IPV crime and 67% of all violent crime. - The majority of violent crimes are by someone known to the victim (80.4%). - Crimes involving intimates most frequently occurred on Sunday (18.4%) and Saturday (16.7%). - Bannock County (5.34), Clearwater County (5.31), and Kootenai County (5.23) had the highest average rates of IPV victims per 1,000 residents between 2008-2013, - Violent crimes involving intimate partners were more likely to result in an arrest, however, prosecution was more likely to be declined. Domestic Violence Related Court Cases - A total of 72,383 violent offenses (aggravated assault, homicide, rape, harassment etc.) were filed from 2008 through 2013. Of those, 45% were domestic violence related charges (n=32,761). - Domestic assault/battery was the leading charge for 2008-2013 with 59% of charges falling within that category. - Of the cases where age was included, more than one third (37.3%) of the defendants were between the ages of 25 and 34. This group accounted for 7,097 domestic violence related charges. - Almost half of the charges involving domestic assault/battery were amended to another charge before the case was closed. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, Idaho State Police, 2015. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 29, 2016 at: https://www.isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/DomesticViolenceinIdaho2015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.isp.idaho.gov/pgr/inc/documents/DomesticViolenceinIdaho2015.pdf Shelf Number: 140513 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violenc

Author: Drost, Lisanne Title: Restorative Justice in Cases of Domestic Violence: Best practice examples between increasing mutual understanding and awareness of specific protection needs Summary: This project, Restorative Justice in Cases of Domestic Violence, Best practice examples between increasing mutual understanding and awareness of specific protection needs (JUST/2013/JPEN/AG/5487), financed by the European Commission and coordinated by the VerweyJonker Institute, aims at filling research gaps and getting together existing knowledge on using restorative justice (RJ) in cases of domestic violence (DV) or rather - more precise - intimate partner violence (IPV). The main question is: How can restorative justice practices like victim-offender mediation (VOM) or conferencing be of use in these specific cases of IPV. Furthermore it aims at exchanging risk points and best practice among practitioners and creating a network of practitioners to increase mutual understanding between different judicial systems and RJ practices in the member states. Partners in this project are from Austria, Denmark, Greece, Finland, the Netherlands and the UK (England & Wales). Current practices and regulations in these countries will be studied in depth, but the project aims to get better insights into the topic in the whole of Europe. This will result in a better understanding of the risks and potentialities of the use of restorative justice in cases of intimate partner violence. This again results in a better protection of victims and society at large in the European member states. This comparative report consists of an introductory chapter (chapter 1) in which we explain the definitions and the aims of the project. We also describe what the international and European legal instruments (conventions, guidelines and recommendations) say about the use of RJ in IPV cases. In the last paragraph we give insight into the more theoretical discussion about opportunities and risks of RJ in cases of IPV, including pro and contra arguments and - if appropriate - requirements. Chapter 2 gives a comparative overview of the situation in the six partner countries. Chapter 3 presents some first conclusions and discussion points. Definitions In this project domestic violence is understood as violence used by (former) adult intimate partners, i.e. intimate partner violence. Restorative justice is focused on reparation of harm in the aftermath of a crime or conflict. The most frequently used restorative justice practice in the context of IPV is victim-offender mediation (VOM). Sometimes conferencing is used. Therefore our main focus is on IPV cases that have been reported to the police and/or have led to criminal procedures and have been referred to VOM. Civil cases are not part of this research project. Aims and products Restorative justice practices have been developed over the last decades in various European countries in different legal and social contexts. Community based organizations, police, probation services or others provide RJ services for victims of violence committed in close relationships. In Finland and Austria, for example, crimes including intimate partner violence have been referred to VOM for many years, even though there are specific restrictions on when this can be done. The dynamics of IPV create particular challenges for the practice of RJ, especially what concerns achieving safety and voluntary participation. Suitability and inappropriateness of RJ for cases of IPV have remained largely unexplored in many countries, therefore in-depth research is needed, as well as the exchange of promising practices and difficulties or problems faced in practice and of regulations throughout Europe. The aim of this exchange and research project is to generate relevant knowledge on practices of RJ and to identify criteria for offering RJ to victims of IPV so that they can benefit to the maximum extent and in accordance with the EU Victims' Directive of 2012. Another objective is to set standards to guarantee the quality of the implementation of RJ practices. Based on this knowledge, a guide for practitioners will be developed and tested. This guide can be used in the training of VOM mediators, but also officials like police officers, prosecutors and court staff can benefit from such a guide. The main questions in order to achieve these objectives are: 1) What are the relevant RJ practices and policies concerning IPV in different European countries? 2) Can RJ be useful in case of IPV, and if so, under what circumstances or conditions? What do victims of IPV need in respect to RJ? 3) Can RJ in cases of IPV be offered at each stage of the criminal procedure (before, during and/or after) and/or should victim-offender mediation (VOM) (or other methods such as conferencing) be carried out by using a different (community) approach outside the criminal justice system? 4) Can networking with regard to IPV be stimulated between practitioners of RJ/mediation both at national and European level in order to support sustainable implementation of RJ in IPV cases? Details: Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Instituut, 2015. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2016 at: http://www.verwey-jonker.nl/doc/2015/7388_restorative%20justice%20in%20cases%20of%20domestic%20violence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://www.verwey-jonker.nl/doc/2015/7388_restorative%20justice%20in%20cases%20of%20domestic%20violence.pdf Shelf Number: 145113 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Restorative Justice Victim-Offender Mediation

Author: Lunnemann, Katinka Title: Victim Offender Mediation: Needs of victims and offenders of Intimate Partner Violence. 2nd Comparative report, interviews & focus groups Summary: Can Restorative Justice (RJ) be used in cases of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), and if so, under what circumstances? This question guides the European project on restorative justice in cases of domestic violence.1 This project, funded by the European Commission (EC), aims to investigate the research gaps and gather existing knowledge on the use of RJ in cases of IPV. Another objective is to gain a better understanding of the risks and potential of using restorative justice (in particular Victim Offender Mediation) in cases of IPV. Partners in this project are from Austria, Denmark, Greece, Finland, the Netherlands and England & Wales (here referred to shortly as the UK) and the European Forum for Restorative Justice (EFRJ). In 2014, under Workstream 1 of the project, a comparative report provided the legal and policy context and practice of restorative justice in cases of domestic violence. 2 In this report, we defined domestic violence as violence used by (former) adult intimate partners. We looked at intimate partner violence and RJ as focused on reparation of harm in the aftermath of a crime or conflict. Different forms of violence were described: situational couple violence and intimate terrorism or coercive control (Johnson, 2006). It was also highlighted that across the European countries, the most frequently used restorative justice practice in the context of IPV is victim-offender mediation (VOM). Therefore our main focus is on IPV cases that have been reported to the police and/or have led to criminal procedures and have been referred to VOM. It should be noted that civil cases are not part of this research project. International standards such as laid down in the EU Victim Directive of 20123 , the Istanbul Convention (2014) and recommendations and Principles on RJ are guiding the research. In this second comparative report we focus on the methodology of the research, the expectations, the experiences and needs of victims and offenders who have been involved in VOM. In addition to speaking to practitioners, we also held a focus group in each country for practitioners who are working in this field. The country reports that formed the basis for the comparative report are integrated as annexes in part 2 (addendum) of this report (Annex 1- 6). Information on experiences with RJ in IPV cases as used by the German institute Waage in Hannover, that hosted the first expert meeting, can be found in Annex 7. Structure of the report Chapter 1 gives background information on the situation of RJ and IPV in the different partner countries. Chapter 2 is focused on the research and the methodology employed for recruiting research participants. Chapter 3 and 4 present the results of the interviews with the participants. In chapter 3, we describe the background of the respondents and the level and type of violence in their relationship. In chapter 4, we describe why the respondents chose to join VOM, how they experienced VOM, what the results of the mediation procedure were and what happened after VOM. Chapter 4 ends with a conclusion on the needs of victims and offenders and analyses the potential variation in needs for each participant group. Chapter 5 examines the outcomes of the focus groups with professionals in the different countries. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions. Details: Utrecht: Verwey-Jonker Institute, 2015. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2016 at: http://www.irks.at/assets/irks/Publikationen/Forschungsbericht/Comparative_reportII.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Europe URL: http://www.irks.at/assets/irks/Publikationen/Forschungsbericht/Comparative_reportII.pdf Shelf Number: 145112 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Restorative Justice Victim-Offender Mediation

Author: Rowlinson, Tony Title: An Observational Process Study of a Short Programme for lowerrisk Domestic Abuse Offenders under Conditional Caution in the Hampshire CARA Experiment Summary: The 2013/2014 crime survey of England and Wales found that 28% of women and nearly 15% of men had experienced any domestic abuse (DA) since the age of 16. How to prevent more victims of domestic abuse and so reduce harm is the current focus of all Chief Constables, especially as the evidence base to date suggests that progression through the formal criminal justice system post-arrest for domestic abuse does not effectively reduce DA re-offending. Project CARA is a randomised control trial which started in 2012 continuing through December 2015, and which tests the effectiveness of a conditional caution for eligible lower-risk domestic abuse offenders. Half the participants in the trial are required post-arrest to attend a particular domestic abuse prevention workshop programme designed and delivered by a charity, The Hampton Trust (who gave conditional permission for the author to observe the workshop). Subsequent reoffending by these participants was compared with offending by those not randomly assigned to the workshop programme. The experiment is not yet complete although indicative results (November 2015) are very encouraging. Even though this workshop programme appears to be effective, however, little is known about the core elements that lead to this change in behaviour for most of those who attend. The workshop has so far been a 'black box' and the principal aim of this research is to open this box, identify these core elements and to gain an understanding of the interactions between facilitators and perpetrators that promotes behavioural change. This thesis reports on this observational study. Through analysis of 1400 participant observer hours, the principles and processes of Motivational Interviewing (MI) were found to be the core elements of the workshop with the more perpetrators in the workshop group, so the higher collective effervescence observed. The study also describes the detail of the workshop parts as they were found to be key elements supporting perpetrator behaviour change. Replication of the workshop so that it may reach more perpetrators and so prevent more harm to victims of DA is made more possible as a result of this research should permission for wider dissemination of the findings be provided by the Hampton Trust. The findings of the research underpin the need for police to partner with and commission third sector providers of domestic abuse interventions which are proven to work, rather than attempt to reduce domestic violence through their traditional single agency response and the formal criminal justice system. Details: Cambridge, UK: Wolfson College University of Cambridge, 2015. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed October 11, 2016 at: http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/alumni/theses/Tony%20Rowlinson.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/alumni/theses/Tony%20Rowlinson.pdf Shelf Number: 145414 Keywords: Conditional Caution Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Recidivism Reoffending

Author: Thornton, Sara Title: Predicting Serious Domestic Assaults and Murder in the Thames Valley Summary: Thames Valley Police uses a risk assessment model to identify those cases of domestic violence where the risk of future harm is high. This study looked at all the cases on serious domestic assault and murder between 2007 and 2009 to establish how accurate the risk assessments had been in predicting the serious harm. In 55% of cases there was no prior recorded contact with the police. In only five out of 118 cases was the case assessed as high risk. Effectively there was an 80% false negative rate. In the same period 1740 other victims were assessed as high risk arguably resulting in a 99% false positive rate. A case control study was carried out to try to identify any risk factors that marked out those offenders who committed the most serious domestic assaults from other violent offenders. The case control study found that those who committed serious domestic assault and murder were less criminogenic than the risk pool of all violent offenders - contrary to the central hypothesis of escalating violence. The study also found that male offenders who committed serious domestic assaults were more than three times likely to be suicidal than other violent offenders. Details: Cambridge, UK: Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, 2011. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/alumni/theses/Thornton,%20S.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/alumni/theses/Thornton,%20S.pdf Shelf Number: 145094 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homicide Intimate Partner Violence Prediction Risk Assessment Violence Against Women

Author: Ranapurwala, Shabbar I. Title: Reporting Crime Victimizations to the Police and the Incidence of Future Victimizations: A Longitudinal Study Summary: Background Law enforcement depends on cooperation from the public and crime victims to protect citizens and maintain public safety; however, many crimes are not reported to police because of fear of repercussions or because the crime is considered trivial. It is unclear how police reporting affects the incidence of future victimization. Objective To evaluate the association between reporting victimization to police and incident future victimization. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National Crime Victimization Survey 2008-2012 data. Participants were 12+ years old household members who may or may not be victimized, were followed biannually for 3 years, and who completed at least one followup survey after their first reported victimization between 2008 and 2012. Crude and adjusted generalized linear mixed regression for survey data with Poisson link were used to compare rates of future victimization. Results Out of 18,657 eligible participants, 41% participants reported to their initial victimization to police and had a future victimization rate of 42.8/100 person-years (PY) (95% CI: 40.7, 44.8). The future victimization rate of those who did not report to the police (59%) was 55.0/ 100 PY (95% CI: 53.0, 57.0). The adjusted rate ratio comparing police reporting to not reporting was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.72, 0.84) for all future victimizations, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.90) for interpersonal violence, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.78) for thefts, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.07) for burglaries. Conclusions Reporting victimization to police is associated with fewer future victimization, underscoring the importance of police reporting in crime prevention. This association may be attributed to police action and victim services provisions resulting from reporting. Details: PLoS ONE 11(7): e0160072. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160072, 2016. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 17, 2016 at: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160072.PDF Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0160072.PDF Shelf Number: 144863 Keywords: Burglary Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Repeat Victimization Theft Victims of Crime

Author: Mahan, Margo M. Title: The 'Bitch Tape': How Male Batterers Find the Women in the State Summary: Women's experiences have been the nucleus of domestic violence literature, discourse, and policy, and have shaped the therapeutic and/or punitive measures that are characteristic of domestic violence prevention - measures that research has shown are largely ineffective in curbing violence. Consequently, we still know relatively little about why men batter, and how they make sense of the negative "batterer" credential that corresponds with their offense. The few studies that explore batterer behavior are primarily psychological, reducing their violence to individual pathology that can be "treated" in therapy. Accordingly, non-psychological studies are characterized by evaluations of the utility, effectiveness, and/or therapeutic techniques of Batterer Intervention Programs, thus missing the sociological roots of batterer behavior. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 15 male batterers, my research shows that these men make sense of the offenses of which they have been accused in different ways, both with regard to the role they attribute to the state in their felt disempowerment and emasculation, and the role they attribute to their female victims. These different meanings are attributable to a number of factors - factors I argue must be addressed to the extent that they are linked to recidivistic risks of battering. The analysis presented in this paper therefore provides a foundation for creating more effective social remedies for battering behavior, and it provides an opportunity to reconsider gender-based theories of interpersonal violence more generally. Details: Berkeley, CA: University of California Berkeley, Institute for the Study of Societal Issues, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: ISSI Fellows Working Paper: Accessed October 20,. 2016 at: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/66m719kv Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/66m719kv Shelf Number: 140814 Keywords: Battered Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Interpersonal Violence Male Batterers

Author: Darkwah, Akosua K. Title: Beyond Domestic Violence Laws: Women's Experiences and Perceptions of Protection Services in Ghana Summary: This research reviews the response to Domestic Violence in Africa, focusing in on Ghana, and asks 'What are women's experiences and perceptions of protection services provided to survivors of domestic violence in Ghana?' based on interviews at a shelter in Accra. In the first part of the paper, particular attention is given to the different ways in which the institutional model has been developed in Africa in general and in Ghana in particular. We analyse the particular process through which domestic violence appeared on the public agenda in each individual country. We also pay attention to the various evidence-based research studies available on the impact of various preventive, punitive and protective components of domestic violence legislation. In the respective case studies, attention will shift to focus on the ways in which the model of protection is designed in each country and the range of protection services that are offered to survivors of domestic violence. We will then explore the concrete experiences of women who are survivors of domestic violence. Being one of the central institutions to provide protection to survivors, the shelter is the main unit of analysis in the research. Details: Lima, Peru: ELLA (Evidence and Lessons from Latin America), 2016. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Regional Evidence Papers; Accessed October 27, 2016 at: http://ella.practicalaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/REP_CEGENSA-_Beyond-Domestic-Violence-Laws.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Ghana URL: http://ella.practicalaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/REP_CEGENSA-_Beyond-Domestic-Violence-Laws.pdf Shelf Number: 145013 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Cortis, Natasha Title: Domestic violence and women's economic security: building Australia's capacity for prevention and redress: Final report Summary: The research report builds on the literature review contained in the ANROWS Landscapes paper "Building effective policies and services to promote women's economic security following domestic violence: State of knowledge paper" (Cortis and Bullen, 2015). That paper discussed how economic abuse is a frequent, yet under-researched tactic of violence. Financial issues, including the prospect of leaving property or assets behind, are major factors in women's decisions about leaving or staying in violent relationships, and the economic difficulties arising from violence, including loss of wealth upon separation, reverberate through women's lives and increase hardship in the long-term. The Landscapes paper also highlighted evidence of inadequacies in the systems intended to identify, prevent and respond to the economic harms arising from violence. This report builds on the Landscapes paper with new statistical analysis and qualitative evidence. The statistical material reinforces how domestic violence contributes to alarming levels of financial stress among Australian women. Domestic violence is associated with economic stressors which penalise women for a number of years after violence is experienced. Interviews with stakeholders demonstrate widespread perceptions that although Australia has some highly effective initiatives in place, these operate on too small a scale to fully address the extent or range of women's needs. Details: Sydney: ANROWS, 2016. 72p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report; Issue 5: Accessed October 27, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/page-attachments/ANROWS%20Horizons%20Report%20-%20Domestic%20violence%20and%20womens%20economic%20security.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/page-attachments/ANROWS%20Horizons%20Report%20-%20Domestic%20violence%20and%20womens%20economic%20security.pdf Shelf Number: 145014 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Economic Conditions Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Research Directorate Title: The Situation of Women Victims of Violence and of Sexual Minorities in El Salvador Summary: In 2013, Canada and the United States began working together to identify opportunities to establish new modes of cooperation in the areas of asylum and immigration; this collaboration is known as the Asylum Cooperation Action Plan (ACAP). The ACAP, through the department of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), approached the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) of Canada to seek the IRB's interest in supporting the capacity building activities to be undertaken in the Americas with the objective of improving asylum systems in the region. In May 2015, the Deputy Chairperson of the IRB's Refugee Protection Division (RPD) participated in a meeting between Canada, Mexico and the United States, where it was agreed that the IRB would undertake a number of activities to support the development of quality refugee status determination by Mexico. One of these activities involved IRB participation in a joint information-gathering mission (henceforth referred to as the "mission") to El Salvador, in conjunction with representatives from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), the Mexican government's Commission for Refugee Aid (Comision Mexicana de Ayuda a Refugiados, COMAR), and the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Secretar�ia de Relaciones Exteriores, SRE) of Mexico, under the auspices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Mexico and El Salvador. A representative of the Mexican Embassy in San Salvador also participated. The joint mission was carried out from 11 to 15 April 2016. Following the completion of the joint mission, the IRB conducted its own research for one further week in El Salvador. The purpose of this was to meet with additional expert sources not included in the joint mission agenda due to time constraints, to gather corroborating and contrasting information, and to enable the IRB's Research Directorate to develop new contacts, strengthen existing ones, and obtain information uniquely needed to support the IRB's decision-making on refugee status determination now or in the future. The purpose of the mission to El Salvador was to gather information related to state efforts to combat crime; the structure of criminal gangs, their areas of operation, activities, and recruitment practices; the situation of gender-based and domestic violence against women; the situation of LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and/or intersex) people; and the efficacy of the police and judiciary to provide recourse to victims of crime, investigate and prosecute crimes. This report summarizes the information gathered by the representatives of the IRB during both the joint mission and during the IRB's additional week of research. Details: Ottawa: The Board, 2016. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: El Salvador: Information Gathering Mission Report - Part 2: Accessed November 8, 2016 at: http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/NdpCnd/Pages/Salvador-2016P2.aspx Year: 2016 Country: El Salvador URL: http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/NdpCnd/Pages/Salvador-2016P2.aspx Shelf Number: 146284 Keywords: Asylum Seekers Domestic Violence Gangs Gender-Related Violence Immigration Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Webster, Kim Title: A preventable burden: Measuring and addressing he prevalence and health impacts of intimate partner violence in Australian women: Key findings and future directions Summary: Intimate partner violence, including violence in both cohabiting and non-cohabiting relationships and emotional abuse: - is prevalent-affecting one in three women since the age of 15. One in four women have experienced violence or abuse from a cohabiting partner. If we only consider physical and sexual violence, then one in six women have experienced at least one incident of violence by a cohabiting partner; - has serious impacts for women's health-contributing to a range of negative health outcomes, including poor mental health, problems during pregnancy and birth, alcohol and illicit drug use, suicide, injuries and homicide; -contributes an estimated 5.1 percent to the disease burden in Australian women aged 18-44 years and 2.2% of the burden in women of all ages; - contributes more to the burden than any other risk factor in women aged 18-44 years, more than well known risk factors like tobacco use, high cholesterol or use of illicit drugs; is estimated to contribute five times more to the burden of disease among Indigenous than non-Indigenous women; - is estimated to make a larger contribution than any other risk factor to the gap in the burden between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women aged 18-44 years; and - has serious consequences for the development and wellbeing of children living with violence. There has been no decrease in the prevalence or health burden of intimate partner violence since both were last measured in Australia. Intimate partner violence and its health impacts are preventable. The health burden of intimate partner violence can be reduced by: - supporting women and children's long-term recovery in the aftermath of violence; - responding to violence to stop it occurring again; - intervening when there are early warning signs of violence; and - preventing violence from occurring in the first place by addressing known root causes. Because experiencing intimate partner violence increases the risk of health problems, to substantially reduce the health burden, it will be necessary to prevent new cases of violence. This will require a greater emphasis on early intervention and primary prevention to stop violence from occurring in the first place. Details: Sydney: ANROWS, 2016. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 10, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/28%2010%2016%20BOD%20Compass.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/s3fs-public/28%2010%2016%20BOD%20Compass.pdf Shelf Number: 146293 Keywords: Domestic Violence Health Services Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Poynton, Suzanne Title: Breach rate of Apprehended Domestic Violence Orders in NSW Summary: Aim: To estimate the proportion of ADVOs breached and identify factors associated with a breach of a final order. Method: Details of all ADVOs granted between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2014 (inclusive) were extracted from the NSW COPS database and linked to breach ADVO incidents occurring after 1 July 2013 and before 30 June 2015 using defendant and victim identifying information. Breaches were assigned to a particular order if they occurred after the order issue date and before the order expiry date or before a higher ADVO order was issued. Multivariate analysis was undertaken to examine factors independently associated with the time to first breach of a final ADVO. Results: Overall 23,240 provisional orders, 18,045 interim orders and 24,458 final orders were issued during the observation period. The breach rate was much higher for final orders (20%), which are longer in duration, than for provisional (5%) or interim (9%) orders. When breaches occurred, most often only one incident per order was recorded (88% of provisional order breaches, 73% of interim order breaches and 64% of final order breaches). Of all ADVOs which did record a breach, 34% were breached within one month of being granted, 23% within 1-3 months and 18% within 3-6 months. Male, Indigenous and younger POIs breached their final order sooner than other defendants. Final orders protecting just one victim, non-Indigenous victims or victims aged less than 20 took longer to be breached. Conclusion: Only a minority proportion of ADVOs record a breach whilst the order is in effect. Where a breach does occur it most often happens soon after the order is issued and involves a single incident. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2016. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper no. 119: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2016-Breach-rate-of-Apprehended-Domestic-Violence-Orders-in-NSW-BB119.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2016-Breach-rate-of-Apprehended-Domestic-Violence-Orders-in-NSW-BB119.pdf Shelf Number: 147315 Keywords: Court Orders Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Restraining Orders

Author: Swegman, Casey Title: The Intersectionality of Forced Marriage with Other Forms of Abuse in the United States Summary: In the United States, forced marriage can impact individuals of any gender, age, socio-economic status, ethnic or religious background. In a 2011 survey, service providers in the U.S. (primarily legal and social services agencies in the domestic violence and sexual assault field but also including law enforcement, school and university staff, counselors, and other legal professionals) reported encountering as many as 3,000 known or suspected cases of forced marriage over a period of just two years (Tahirih Justice Center, 2011). Details: Harrisburg, PA : VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, 2016. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Applied Research: Accessed November 16, 2016 at: http://www.tahirih.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/AR_ForcedMarriage.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.tahirih.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/AR_ForcedMarriage.pdf Shelf Number: 144844 Keywords: Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Sexual Assault Violence against Women, Girls

Author: Lachenal, Cecile Title: Beyond Domestic Violence Laws in Latin America: Challenges for Protection Services for Survivors Summary: This research reviews the response to Domestic Violence in Latin America, focusing in on Mexico, and uses a series of in-depth interviews with survivors of domestic violence living in a shelter in Mexico City, to review their experience of the protection services that they received. The feminist and human rights movements in the Latin America Region have made public the discussion of violence against women as a social and multifaceted problem embedded in the private, public and collective spheres. Violence against women perpetuates gender gaps, highlighting the vulnerable situation of exclusion women face. In response, Latin American countries have put in place a variety of legislative and institutional mechanisms inspired by the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belem Do Para Convention), the first binding regional treaty that proposes a liberal and individualistic approach to dealing with violence against women, and establishes a variety of measures that states should adopt to prevent, protect and sanction this phenomenon. This study uses a series of in-depth interviews with survivors of domestic violence living in a Mexico City shelter, as well as with its staff, to analyse how survivors experience protection services. Although it only covers one shelter and thus constitutes only a partial analysis, it represents an innovative effort to understand a protection model from the perspective of the survivors. We look at the trajectory of survivors from the moment they decided to seek help from the institutions, to the period at the shelter itself, and finally the period after which they have left the shelter. Details: Mexico: Fundar, Centre of Analysis and Research, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Regional Evidence Papers: Accessed November 22, 2016 at: http://ella.practicalaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/20160414-Fundar_Domestic-Violence-REP.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Latin America URL: http://ella.practicalaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/20160414-Fundar_Domestic-Violence-REP.pdf Shelf Number: 147905 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Laws Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Australia. Senate Finance and Public Administration References Committee Title: Domestic Violence and Gender Inequality Summary: Referral 1.1 On 25 November 2015 the Senate referred the following matters to the Senate Finance and Public Administration References Committee (the committee) for inquiry and report by 24 August 2016: (a) the role of gender inequality in all spheres of life in contributing to the prevalence of domestic violence; (b) the role of gender stereotypes in contributing to cultural conditions which support domestic violence, including, but not limited to, messages conveyed to children and young people in: (i) the marketing of toys and other products, (ii) education, and (iii) entertainment; (c) the role of government initiatives at every level in addressing the underlying causes of domestic violence, including the commitments under, or related to, the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children; and (d) any other related matters.1 1.2 The inquiry was not completed when the Senate and the House of Representatives were dissolved on 9 May 2016 for a general election on 2 July 2016. When Parliament resumed, the committee recommended to the Senate that the inquiry be re-referred in the 45th Parliament with a reporting date of 24 November 2016. This recommendation was agreed by the Senate.2 The committee has decided to report early. Previous committee inquiry 1.3 During the 44th Parliament, from June 2014, the committee undertook a comprehensive inquiry into domestic violence, reporting on 20 August 2015. The committee does not intend to replicate that inquiry but to focus on the issue of gender inequality as per the terms of reference. The committee's previous report is available from the committee website. Conduct of the inquiry 1.4 The committee advertised the inquiry on its website. In addition, the committee invited submissions from individuals, organisations and government departments by 31 March 2016, although the committee accepted submissions after this date. 1.5 The committee received 76 public submissions. A list of individuals and organisations which made public submissions, together with other information authorised for publication by the committee, is at Appendix 1. 1.6 Submissions may be accessed through the committee website at: www.aph.gov.au/senate_fpa. Acknowledgements 1.7 The committee thanks those individuals and organisations who made submissions, The terms of reference for this present inquiry focus on specific aspects of that discussion. This committee has been asked in particular to inquire into and report on: (a) the role of gender inequality in all spheres of life in contributing to the prevalence of domestic violence Details: Canberra: The Senate Committee, 2016. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 22, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/dv_and_gender_inequilty_report_nov_2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/dv_and_gender_inequilty_report_nov_2016.pdf Shelf Number: 147906 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender Inequality Gender-Related Violence Interpersonal Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Papageorge, Nicholas W. Title: Health, Human Capital and Domestic Violence Summary: We study the impact of health shocks on domestic violence and illicit drug use. We argue that health is a form of human capital that shifts incentives for risky behaviors, such as drug use, and also changes options outside of violent relationships. To estimate causal effects, we examine chronically ill women before and after a medical breakthrough and exploit differences in these women's health prior to the breakthrough. We show evidence that health improvements induced by the breakthrough reduced domestic violence and illicit drug use. Our findings provide support for the idea that health improvements can have far-reaching implications for costly social problems. The policy relevance of our findings is compounded by the fact that both domestic violence and illicit drug use are social problems often seen as frustratingly impervious to interventions. One possible reason is that the common factors that drive them, such underlying health or labor market human capital, are themselves very persistent over time. Our study provides a unique test of this hypothesis by examining what happens when factors underlying violence or drug use exogenously shift due to a medical technological advancement. Our findings suggest that both violence and drug use could be reduced by improving women's access to better healthcare. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. 65p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series, no. 22887: Accessed December 7, 2016 at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22887 Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w22887 Shelf Number: 147927 Keywords: Domestic Violence Healthcare Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: La Mattina, Giulia Title: Civil Conflict, Sex Ratio and Intimate Partner Violence in Rwanda Summary: This paper examines the long-term impact of civil conflict on intimate partner violence and women’s decision-making power using post-genocide data from Rwanda. Household survey data collected 11 years after the genocide indicate that women who became married after the genocide experienced significantly increased intimate partner violence and decreased decision-making power relative to women who became married before. The effect was greater for women in localities with high genocide intensity. I find that variation in the marriage market sex ratio across localities and over time explains part of the effect of the genocide on intimate partner violence. Details: Brighton, UK: Households in Conflict Network, Institute of Development Studies, 2014. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: HiCN Working Paper 175: Accessed December 8, 2016 at: http://www.hicn.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/HiCN-WP-175.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Rwanda URL: http://www.hicn.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/HiCN-WP-175.pdf Shelf Number: 146145 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Domestic Homicide Reviews: Key Findings from Analysis of Domestic Homicide Reviews Summary: 1. A Domestic Homicide Review (DHR) is a multi-agency review of the circumstances in which the death of a person aged 16 or over has, or appears to have, resulted from violence, abuse or neglect by a person to whom they were related or with whom they were, or had been, in an intimate personal relationship, or a member of the same household as themselves. Since 13 April 2011 there has been a statutory requirement for local areas to conduct a DHR following a domestic homicide that meets the criteria. 2. Since April 2011, in excess of 400 DHRs have been completed. DHRs provide a rich source of information on the nature of domestic homicide, the context in which it occurs and, most importantly, in the lessons that can be learned from the tragic event. This analysis sets out what we know about domestic homicide and draws out common themes and trends and identifies learning that emerged across the sample of DHRs. 3. The purpose of this analysis is to promote key learning and trends from the sample of DHRs with the aim of informing and shaping future policy development and operational practice both locally and nationally. 4. We encourage local areas to reflect on the learning identified and to consider how this can be used to deliver improvements to practice within their local context furthering their ability to safeguard victims and prevent domestic homicide. 5. This paper also reports on what is being done nationally to tackle these issues. Details: London: Home Office, 2016. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 13, 2016 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/575232/HO-Domestic-Homicide-Review-Analysis-161206.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/575232/HO-Domestic-Homicide-Review-Analysis-161206.pdf Shelf Number: 146046 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Murders

Author: Cameron, Prue Title: Expanding early interventions in family violence in Victoria Summary: The Victorian Royal Commission into Family Violence (RCFV) envisaged a family violence system in which all universal services are enabled to engage in early interventions in family violence. Such a significant broad-based reform has major implications for organisations and their staff. This project scoped a range of specialist family violence and universal services and organisations in Victoria to ascertain their capability and perspectives on early intervention in family violence. Its findings reveal a readiness to engage with the issue across these services. The organisations interviewed shared the expectation that they had a role and a responsibility to help address family violence in their client group and within their workforce, although there was uncertainty about what that role would be. The insights of women affected by family violence provide the foundation for this work. Their experiences illustrate the complex nature and dynamics of family violence, including the often covert effects of coercive and controlling behaviours. Understanding these dynamics is the foundation for all practitioners in all universal services engaging in early intervention responses. The project provides a qualitative snapshot of the early intervention landscape through the perspectives of specialist family violence practitioners and universal service providers in education, early childhood and health settings, as well as women who have experienced family violence. Details: Melbourne: Domestic Violence Victoria, 2016. 69p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2016 at: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/expanding_early_interventions_in_family_violence_in_victoria_report_dv_vic_2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/expanding_early_interventions_in_family_violence_in_victoria_report_dv_vic_2016.pdf Shelf Number: 146154 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Great Britain. Crown Prosecution Service Title: Violence against Women and Girls: Crime Report, 2015-16 Summary: The Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) report is the ninth edition published by the CPS. It provides an assessment of prosecution performance on crimes that have been grouped together under the heading ‘VAWG’, as they have been identified as being committed primarily, but not exclusively, by men against women. The CPS addresses these issues within the overarching crossgovernment strategic framework of VAWG, recognising that victims of this group of crimes are disproportionally female. The approach acknowledges VAWG as a fundamental issue of human rights and women’s rights. The UK government has signed and ratified the United Nations call to all states to prevent and respond to violence against women. VAWG is recognised worldwide, and by the UK Government, as a form of offending where gender plays a part. As the United Nations2 describes it: ‘Violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of women, and … violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men’. The CPS is committed to securing justice for all victims of crimes grouped together as ‘VAWG’. To that end, we are inclusive in our approach. All our VAWG policies are applied fairly and equitably to all perpetrators and victims of crime – irrespective of their gender. Recognising that these offences can be targeted at male and transgender victims as well as female victims, the report includes total data on all perpetrators and victims, irrespective of gender. Where possible, data is broken down, in the body of the report, by gender as well as overall volumes and proportions. The report is an analysis of the key prosecution issues in each VAWG strand – domestic abuse (DA), stalking, harassment, rape, sexual offences, forced marriage, honour based violence, female genital mutilation, child abuse, human trafficking for sexual exploitation, prostitution and pornography. The data that forms the basis of the report is derived from the CPS’ Case Management System (CMS) and its associated Management Information System (MIS) which shows the number of defendants, offences and victims or witnesses. Domestic abuse, rape, forced marriage, honour-based violence, child abuse and human trafficking cases are identified by flags applied to defendants. Stalking, harassment, sexual offences, prostitution, pornography and obscenity data can only be provided using the offences data base. Details: London: CPS, 2016. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2016 at: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/cps_vawg_report_2016.pdf Shelf Number: 146121 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Honour-Based Violence Human Trafficking Pornography Prostitution Sex Offenses Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Mitra-Kahn, Trishima Title: Invisible women, invisible violence: Understanding and improving data on the experiences of domestic and family violence and sexual assault for diverse groups of women: State of knowledge paper Summary: Women from all cultures, ages and socio-economic groups are affected by domestic and family violence and sexual assault, but the extent, nature and impact is not evenly distributed across communities in Australia. Women from diverse backgrounds are disproportionally affected by violence. The differential nature and effects of this violence is often compounded by various forms of marginalisation for diverse groups of women such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, culturally and linguistically diverse and women with disability. Invisible women, invisible violence establishes the state of knowledge about the experiences of domestic and family violence and sexual assault among women from diverse groups. Reviewing existing knowledge and data on the experiences of violence and identifying key gaps in data as they relate to diverse women, it also affirms the more complex message that, while we know there is disproportionate impact, the exact nature and scale of this difference is extremely difficult to quantify. Despite not knowing the exact quantum of the violence, there is significant evidence that expressions of violence in these communities are distinct, and that these differences require considered and specific service and policy responses, for which data that is coherent, accessible, relevant and accurate is needed. This paper finds there are challenges within the Australian research and data landscapes in understanding the experiences of domestic and family violence and sexual assault for the diverse groups. Four key gaps in information in the current Australian research landscape were identified: · Limitations in quantitative evidence on the prevalence and perpetration of violence; · The complexity and specificity of violence; · Multiple, intersecting barriers to reporting violence and accessing appropriate services and; · "Diversity within diversity" the intersections of identity and disadvantage. In the process of mapping the current Australian data landscape, this paper identified that while a wide range of data are currently being collected administratively and via surveys, there are limitations of individual data sources and across the Australian data landscape as a whole. The analysis identified the following five key data gaps as they relate to the diverse experiences of domestic and family violence and sexual assault: 1) Design and methodological gaps in data sources; 2) Definitional complexities within data sources; 3) Gaps in the quality of existing data sources; 4) Gaps in recording and reporting of data; and 5) Gaps in the leveraging of existing data for the creation of new statistical information. This project provides 36 options for enhancing Australia's domestic and family violence and sexual assault data landscape in the short to medium term. Options for improvement range in cost from under $250,000 to several million dollars and provide both discrete and ongoing improvements. While each option provides valuable enhancements to the data landscape, decisions regarding which options to progress will always reflect complex policy and budgetary considerations and, as such, may or may not align with these suggestions. A long term commitment to fit-for-purpose data collection and analysis through the implementation of the Foundation for a "National Data Collection and Reporting Framework for family, domestic and sexual violence" (DCRF) is also crucial to ensuring systemic change and improvement in policy and practice. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2016. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: ANROWS Landscapes: Accessed December 21, 2016 at: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/DiversityData_UPDATED191216.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://media.aomx.com/anrows.org.au/DiversityData_UPDATED191216.pdf Shelf Number: 147777 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Sexual Assaults Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Sharp-Jeffs, Nicola Title: Domestic Homicide Review (DHR) Case Analysis Summary: This report is our contribution to fully highlight the learning from Domestic Homicide Reviews as most of us recognise the need for national, regional and local work required to embed a true coordinated community response (CCR) to domestic abuse. Broadly, much of these findings fall into two categories. There are findings which could be characterised as implementation gaps. They are failures or missed opportunities where we understand the best practice but fail to implement it. In other areas such as mental health, adult child to family abuse, adult safeguarding practice and issues such as support for carers, more work is required to establish better, safer and more appropriate ways of working. And much of these findings are underpinned by a lack of fundamental understanding of coercive control, a lack of focus on the perpetrator and the need for more professional curiosity in thinking beyond basic policy and procedure…..” Details: s.l.: Standing Together Against Domestic Violence, 2016. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 21, 2016 at: http://www.standingtogether.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/STADV_DHR_Report_Final.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.standingtogether.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/STADV_DHR_Report_Final.pdf Shelf Number: 147772 Keywords: Domestic Homicide Domestic Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Police Executive Research Forum Title: Identifying and Preventing Gender Bias in Law Enforcement Response to Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Summary: On August 4, 2015, law enforcement executives and officers, crime victim advocates, academics, and other subject matter experts convened to discuss a draft of the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) Identifying and Preventing Gender Bias in Law Enforcement Response to Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence publication and to share promising practices and to develop effective strategies for serving victims of these crimes. The guidance in that publication aims to reflect and further the partnership between the DOJ and law enforcement executives, line officers, and supervisors, who work to uphold the civil and human rights of the communities they serve. Sexual assault and domestic violence constitute a significant portion of total violent crime, but two out of three victims of such offenses do not seek law enforcement assistance. It is incumbent upon law enforcement agencies to provide support for victims of sexual assault and domestic violence who wish to pursue criminal charges, and agencies should create an environment in which victims feel comfortable and respected. Law enforcement agencies are usually a crime victim's first point of contact with the larger criminal justice system, so they have a responsibility to establish their legitimacy with victims. Women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have been disproportionately affected by crimes of sexual assault and domestic violence, and unde-renforcement of such offenses can constitute a gender-based bias on the part of law enforcement agencies. This bias can be avoided with thoughtful and informed policy development, high-quality training, strong leadership, and established accountability measures. The DOJ released Identifying and Preventing Gender Bias in Law Enforcement Response to Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence on December 15, 2015 with the support and input of state, local, tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies; advocates and experts in the field of domestic violence and sexual assault; and public service agencies and stakeholders. A replica of that document is included at end of this publication, and a related fact sheet is available online. Details: Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2016. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 21, 2016 at: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0796-pub.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0796-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 147771 Keywords: Bias Domestic Violence Gender-Related Bias Sexual Assault Victims of Crime Violence Against Women

Author: Polaschek, Devon Title: Responding to perpetrators of family violence Summary: Key Messages Integrated response systems offer the most promise for responding to family violence in New Zealand. Integrated systems: • Are built from the perspective of system users, not individual service providers • Include crisis services but also continue to provide support until change is firmly established • Include response subsystems that cater for perpetrators, but also victims and families • More New Zealand research is needed before any redesign proceeds, because good design requires knowledge about service users, and about current responses that is lacking • Our communities hold expertise that is important to harness in any redesign. More researcher-practitioner collaboration should be built into any ongoing research and evaluation, because evidence-based practice is a process, not an outcome. Victims and victim advocates also hold expertise that is valuable to this research. An integrated perpetrator response system includes co-ordination between crisis response and immediate containment, criminal and civil court proceedings, sentence or order compliance, risk monitoring and behaviour change components, and provides services based on risk and need. Necessary components include: • "Best practice" risk assessment and reassessment processes that are used consistently with findings well documented • Providing more dangerous perpetrators more oversight and assistance than less dangerous cases • Prompt detection of increases in risk status, with a corresponding change in response • Providing case managers for those with high and complex needs (e.g., mental health, alcohol and other drugs, housing) who co-ordinate and monitor planned responses. These response systems offer more opportunities to hold perpetrators to account, and in turn, better account to victims for their efforts in keeping them safe. New Zealand currently has no such system, and integrated systems are difficult to build and challenging to make work. Developing a system like this in New Zealand will require a significant investment in funding and the development of the necessary human resources. Current responses are piecemeal and insufficient, and mired in a complex web of bureaucracy. • Four government departments provide funding for short term perpetrator non-violence programmes in the community • More work is needed to develop better risk assessment and risk management practices across different parts of the system • Behaviour change-oriented programmes are relatively short with limited scope for tailoring to the heterogeneity of perpetrators • Level and type of service is based on referral pathway rather than risk or need • Self-referrals are growing, but most are unfunded • Methods for engagement with victims and families for safety monitoring are still developing • There is a lack of recognition in service provision models that contact between perpetrators, victims and families often continues or resumes after a specific episode • A sustained programme of public education similar to road safety campaigns is needed "at the top of the cliff", to increase the impact of these "bottom of the cliff" efforts. Details: Auckland: New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of Auckland, 2016. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Issues Paper 11: Accessed January 27, 2017 at: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-11-responding-perpetrators.pdf Year: 2016 Country: New Zealand URL: https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/NZFVC-issues-paper-11-responding-perpetrators.pdf Shelf Number: 144921 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Prevention Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services

Author: Gruenenfelder, David E. Title: Multisite Evaluation of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Approach to Violence Against Women in Illinois Summary: Domestic violence and sexual assault are serious problems in Illinois. While many such offenses are reported yearly, localities often lack resources needed to make arrests, to prosecute effectively, to convict, and to provide needed victim services. The federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provides financial assistance to states for developing and strengthening law enforcement, prosecution, and victim services in cases involving violent crimes against women. As the state agency charged with administering the Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors (STOP) VAWA award in Illinois, nearly $5 million in FFY10 from the U.S. Department of Justice, the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA) is responsible for developing a plan to distribute these funds. ICJIA has used this funding stream since 2004, in part, to fund four Illinois counties  McLean, Peoria, St. Clair and Kankakee  to operate multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) that are designed to better coordinate local services. McLean, Peoria and St. Clair counties address domestic violence (DV), and Kankakee County addresses the problem of sexual assault (SA). The purpose of this study is to describe and assess these four MDTs. Details: Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 2013. 320p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 28, 2017 at: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/assets/pdf/ResearchReports/MDT_Report_July_2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/assets/pdf/ResearchReports/MDT_Report_July_2013.pdf Shelf Number: 131171 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Assault Violence Against Women

Author: Murphy, Sandra Tibbetts Title: Police Body Cameras in Domestic and Sexual Assault Investigations: Considerations and Unanswered Questions Summary: Over the last several years, as the public demand for law enforcement's use of body cameras has increased dramatically, much has been written about body cameras as a law enforcement tool, including constitutional analyses, recommended protocols and procedures and even assessments of differing body camera models. Communities in the United Kingdom and United States have initiated pilot programs to determine the appropriate and most effective use of body cameras by policing agencies. Research regarding how body cameras are used, in what situations and their effect, if any, on law enforcement response and citizen behavior, however, remains very limited. "There remains insufficient empirical research to fully support or refute many of the claims made about the police body-worn cameras." If research on body camera programs in general is limited, the use of body cameras when responding to and investigating cases of domestic violence and sexual assault is almost nonexistent. In the few articles and studies that even mention body cameras in the context of law enforcement response to domestic violence and sexual assault, such references carry the connotation of being afterthoughts, tagged on to a larger argument or recommendation as a means of further support. This paper identifies and addresses the various issues – those known and unresolved – that may arise when law enforcement equipped with body cameras respond to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, including issues of privacy and confidentiality, witness intimidation, possible evidentiary challenges when using body camera footage in trial, and unintended consequences such access and use may create for victims. Details: Minneapolis, MN: The Battered Women’s Justice Project, 2015. 14p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2017: http://www.bwjp.org/assets/documents/pdfs/police-body-cams-in-domestic-and-sexual-assault-inve.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.bwjp.org/assets/documents/pdfs/police-body-cams-in-domestic-and-sexual-assault-inve.pdf Shelf Number: 146018 Keywords: Body-Worn Cameras Criminal Investigations Domestic Violence Police Accountability Police Body Worn Cameras Sexual Assaults

Author: Stavrou, Efty Title: Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Australia: related factors and help-seeking behaviours Summary: Aim: To determine which factors were associated with (1) female experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), (2) female reporting of physical or sexual assault by an intimate partner to the police and (3) females seeking help and support after experiencing IPV. Method: Women who experienced violence from an intimate partner in the two years prior to participating in the ABS Personal Safety Survey 2012 (PSS) were compared with women who reported never having experienced any violence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine which factors including socio-demographic, financial stress, social connectedness, abuse before the age of 15 and emotional abuse by a partner were related to experiences of IPV. In order to ascertain which factors were related to help-seeking behaviours, multilevel regression models were used on a subsample of females whose most recent incident of violence in the last two years was perpetrated by an intimate partner. Results: The risk of IPV varies greatly across the community. Factors associated with a higher risk of IPV included being younger, Australian-born, having a long-term health condition, lacking social support, experiencing financial stress, having previously been a victim of child abuse and having experienced emotional abuse by an intimate partner. Where the most recent incident of physical or sexual assault in the last two years was perpetrated by an intimate partner, less than one in three assaults were reported to the police. Intimate partner assaults were less likely to be reported to the police if the perpetrator was still a current partner of the victim at the time of the interview, the assault was sexual (not physical) and if the victim perceived the assault was "not a crime" or "not serious enough". Having a physical injury after the incident was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting the assault to the police. Where the most recent incident of violence (assaults and threats) was perpetrated by an intimate partner, a counsellor or social worker was consulted after 30% of all incidents. Conclusion: Efforts to prevent IPV and improve services and supports for IPV victims should focus on women who experienced emotional abuse by a current or previous partner, sole parents, women who lack social supports, women experiencing financial stress, women who have experienced abuse as a child and women with a disability or long-term health condition. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2016. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 200: Accessed February 8, 2017 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2016-Intimate-partner-violence-against-women-in-Australia-CJB200.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/Report-2016-Intimate-partner-violence-against-women-in-Australia-CJB200.pdf Shelf Number: 147297 Keywords: Domestic Violence Emotional Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Klein, Andrew Title: Impact of Differential Sentencing Severity for Domestic Violence Offenses and All Other Offenses Over Abusers' Life Spans Summary: The criminal justice response to domestic violence (DV) has been transformed since the 1980s, beginning with greatly increased numbers of arrests. Although prosecution initially lagged, recent research challenges the widespread belief that few DV arrests are prosecuted (Garner & Maxwell, 2009). However, the effectiveness of DV prosecution remains at issue. Maxwell and Garner's review of more than 30 DV prosecution studies, for example, found no deterrent effect of prosecution and sentencing beyond that obtained by the abuser’s initial arrest (2012). The goal of this research is to revisit the question of the effectiveness of DV prosecution. But unlike studies heretofore, we employ a wider lens, examining the relative effect of differential prosecutions of DV offenses over time and compared to all prosecutions experienced by the abuser, including those for offenses unrelated to DV (i.e., non-DV offenses). This wider examination is essential to determine the effectiveness of DV prosecution/sentencing because, as well established in the literature (Klein, 2009), the majority of abusers brought to court do not limit their criminal activities to DV alone. It was our hypothesis that the effectiveness of DV prosecution was significantly associated with the differential prosecution and sentencing severity between DV and non-DV crimes; namely, if DV offenses were treated more severely than nonDV offenses, reabuse would be significantly reduced compared to cases in which DV was prosecuted and sentenced less severely than in non-DV offenses. To study the effectiveness of DV prosecutions, we identified from a larger sample almost 500 abusers who were on probation for DV in Rhode Island in 2002 who had both DV and nonDV cases during the first six years of their criminal careers (and for whom at least one non-DV case preceded a DV case). We then looked at their every adult criminal prosecution, for DV and for non-DV offenses, since age 18 through April 2012. The majority had active criminal careers (as measured from first to last arrest) of at least eight years, with 44% having them for at least 10 years. We then looked at the number of DV cases charged against each abuser after the first six years to determine whether the prosecution/sentencing patterns of domestic and non-DV cases established in the first six years of their criminal careers were associated with subsequent re-abuse arrests. We controlled for the most common independent variables associated with risk of reabuse, including number of prior offenses, gender, and age at first offense (Klein, 2009). More than half (57%) of the abusers were sentenced more severely for DV than for nonDV offenses. Although the 38 different prosecutors' offices across Rhode Island were significantly less likely to prosecute DV offenses than the non-DV offenses (18.8% vs.15.4%, p < .001), those prosecuted for DV were significantly more likely to be incarcerated, mostly for one to 30 days (8.5% vs. 4.0%, p < .001). In comparing the impact of differential prosecution/sentencing severity, we looked at both whether the abusers committed any new DV offense and also the number of new DV offenses, controlling for common risk factors in both analyses. In both analyses, we found that abusers who were prosecuted and sentenced more severely for DV compared to non-DV crimes during the first years of their adult criminal careers were less likely to be arrested for subsequent new DV offenses. They had significantly fewer new DV offenses. Among the subset of abusers who were prosecuted for their DV offense(s) but were not prosecuted for their non-DV offense(s) (N=32), they were significantly less likely to commit new DV offenses. The research suggests that prosecutors and courts have the means to significantly deter reabuse, especially in the majority of states that provide by statute enhanced sentences for repeat DV cases if these increased sanctions are not routinely plea bargained away. Details: Sudbury, MA: Advocates for Human Potential, Inc., 2014. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 23, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244757.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244757.pdf Shelf Number: 141205 Keywords: Domestic Violence Prosecution Repeat Victimization Sentencing

Author: Klein, Andrew R. Title: Practical Implications of Current Domestic Violence Research for Probation Officers and Administrators Summary: This booklet looks at the recent research on intimate partner violence and analyzes what it reveals that probation officers and administrators should know to do their jobs better in terms of completing PSI for defendants convicted of intimate partner violence, supervising abusers on their caseloads, and dealing with the victims of these abusers on probation and victims who have also ended up on probation caseloads. Although much of the research is not focused directly on probation, what it tells us about abusers, victims and the responses of law enforcement, prosecutors, and courts directly bears on probation. Other research reviewed looked specifically at probation’s response to IPV. Although the title of this booklet refers to “domestic violence (DV),” this term has come to mean different things over the past few decades. In the following text, we are focusing specifically on “intimate partner violence (IPV),” that is physical assaults, terroristic threats, stalking, sexual abuse and other criminal abuse by current and former spouses, boy/girl-friends, and dating couples, not intra-family violence (other than marital), child abuse, or abuse among members of the same household. However, some of the research reviewed lumped DV and IPV together or failed to define whether the study included non-intimates. For this reason, we use the term “DV” when the study was clearly not limited to IPV only or when we when the precise relationships included were not defined. It should be noted, for example, that many of the criminal justice related studies define DV consistent with state statutes and state statutes vary in terms of relationships and criminal behaviors covered. Notwithstanding this, despite the broader focus of DV than just IPV, most of the subjects in DV studies are, in fact, intimate partners so the "DV" research substantially overlaps with what we are specifically interested in and helps inform our specific area of interest. Details: Minneapolis: Battered Women’s Justice Project, 2015. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 24, 2017 at: http://www.bwjp.org/assets/documents/pdfs/practical_implications_of_current_domestic_violence_research_for_probation_officers_and_administrators.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://www.bwjp.org/assets/documents/pdfs/practical_implications_of_current_domestic_violence_research_for_probation_officers_and_administrators.pdf Shelf Number: 141215 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Probation Officers Violence Against Women

Author: AMES Australia Title: Violence against women in CALD communities. Understandings and actions to prevent violence against women in CALD communities Summary: The problem of violence against women (VAW) was first raised by the Australian women's movement in the 1970s. Due largely to those efforts it has now been accepted as a key public policy concern in Australia. To date the focus has been on establishing service systems designed to respond to the needs of women who have experienced violence and to prevent violence from reoccurring. While the potential to prevent the problem in the first place has been well understood, until recently this has been an aspirational goal. However, given both the continuing prevalence of the problem and its serious health, social and economic consequences, there is increasing recognition of the need to turn attention to preventing violence against women (PVAW) before it occurs. There is now a broad consensus among women's services, governments, non-government organisations and community leaders that VAW is serious and unacceptable, and that prevention of this violence requires a continuum of interlinked and interdependent approaches. These include responses to women affected by violence to limit its consequences and prevent violence from reoccurring, intervening early with high-risk individuals, and efforts to prevent violence from occurring in the first place. The latter - preventing violence before it occurs (sometimes referred to as primary prevention) is the focus of this report. Australia's commitment to PVAW is encapsulated in the National plan to prevent violence against women and their children 2010-2022 (the National Plan), to which all state and territory governments are signatories. Australia was the first country to develop a comprehensive approach to PVAW, with the Australian Government establishing two new centres to support the implementation of this plan: Our Watch and Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS). Progress is being monitored through a range of mechanisms including the Personal Safety Survey (PSS), designed to monitor the experience of violence, and the National Community Attitudes towards Violence Against Women Survey (NCAS), designed to gauge the extent of cultural support for violence and the factors underpinning it in the Australian community. To date, action to PVAW has focused largely on the community as a whole, with minimal attention being paid to addressing factors relevant to particular groups. The risk of such "universal" approaches - when not accompanied by efforts to tailor strategies to the needs and contexts of particular groups - is that the gains made in prevention may not be shared equally In the development of the National Plan, two challenges were identified. The first of these was the need to strengthen commitment to the primary prevention of VAW. The second was ensuring that efforts in primary prevention are extended to meet the needs of specific sub-populations, including culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Almost half of Australians were either born overseas or have at least one parent born overseas (ABS 2013a). We are a nation proud of our cultural diversity and have developed legislation and policies to ensure that all citizens are provided with equal opportunities, rights and entitlements. Among these is the right of women to live free from violence and the fear of violence. Extending efforts to PVAW in CALD communities is critical to ensuring that this right is realised. This document summarises the outcomes of a project focusing on the primary prevention of VAW in CALD communities. Based on community consultation and research it identifies issues that need to be considered when working with CALD communities to PVAW and recommends future actions for consideration. Details: Melbourne: AMES Australia, 2017. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 4, 2017 at: https://www.ames.net.au/files/file/Research/20832%20AMES%20Actions%20Report%20Web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://www.ames.net.au/files/file/Research/20832%20AMES%20Actions%20Report%20Web.pdf Shelf Number: 141341 Keywords: Domestic Violence Ethnic Minorities Family Violence Immigrants Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Australian Human Rights Commission Title: A National System for Domestic and Family Violence Death Review Summary: 1.1 Report aims This Report aims to: - highlight the importance of domestic and family violence death review mechanisms in Australia, - identify the steps needed to expand the function to jurisdictions where it does not exist; namely Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. identify how to better ensure national coherence of data, and - identify mechanisms to ensure that recommendations made to Federal Government agencies in Death Review processes are actioned. 1.2 Report methodology This Report was developed using the following methods: - Literature review - Questionnaire to Coroners, the Western Australian Ombudsman, and Domestic and Family Violence Death Review Teams - Meetings with Coroners and the Western Australia Ombudsman - Meetings with the Australian Domestic Violence Death Review Network members - Meetings with National Coronial Information Service and Australia's National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety. 1.3 Report terminology The Report recognises that there is variance in the use of terms 'domestic violence', 'family and domestic violence' and 'domestic and family violence'. It also recognises that consistency of terminology in the context of statistical data and evidence based reform is critical. In this regard the work undertaken by the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Australian Bureau of Statistics in this area is key. For the purposes of this report the term 'domestic and family violence' is used in relevant contexts. 1.4 Report structure This Report is divided into the following 5 sections with 2 appendices: 1. Executive summary 2. Human rights obligations 3. Models of domestic and family violence death review 4. Guiding principles for the death review process 5. National data collection, monitoring and reporting Appendix A: Coroner and Death Review Function and remit by Jurisdiction Appendix B: Compiled responses to the Commission questionnaire sent to Australian Coroners and the Western Australian Ombudsman in 2015. Details: Sydney: AHRC, 2016. 95p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 1, 2017 at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/AHRC_2016_12_19_Expanding_DV_Death_Review.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/AHRC_2016_12_19_Expanding_DV_Death_Review.pdf Shelf Number: 144687 Keywords: Crime Statistics Domestic Violence Family Violence Gender-Related Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Bows, Hannah Title: Rape and serious sexual assault against women aged 60 and over Summary: Despite the vast amount of research attention examining sexual violence against women, and an increase in research around abuse of older people over the last two decades, sexual violence against people aged 60 and over remains under-researched. As the world population continues to rapidly age, there is a pressing need to address this gap in research in order to inform policy and practice in preventing and responding to sexual violence. This thesis contributes to three existing, but currently distinct, fields of inquiry: elder abuse; domestic violence against older women; and sexual violence against older women. A multi-methodological multi-stage approach was adopted to examine the extent and nature of sexual violence against older women in the UK and the characteristics of victims, perpetrators and incidents through analysis of police data gained through Freedom of Information requests. Interviews with 23 practitioners working in sexual violence organsiations and 4 working in age-related organisations shed light on some of the challenges older survivors may experience when accessing support services, the key support needs of older survivors and the extent to which practitioners felt comfortable in meeting those needs. Gaps in current service provision were also explored. In the final stage, three women survivors of sexual violence since the aged of 60 shared their stories, in particular the physical and emotional impacts sexual violence had on the and providing accounts of their experiences of accessing support services. Their thoughts on issues with current support provision and existing gaps were also shared. This thesis considers these findings collectively to examine for the first time the extent, nature and impacts of sexual violence against women aged 60 and over. Details: Durham, UK: Durham University, 2017. 346p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 13, 2017 at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11941/1/Full_final_thesis_PDF_version.pdf?DDD34+ Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11941/1/Full_final_thesis_PDF_version.pdf?DDD34+ Shelf Number: 144898 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Elderly Victims Rape Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Idris, Iffat Title: Youth unemployment and violence: Rapid Literature Review Summary: This literature review looks at the evidence for a causal link between youth unemployment and violence in stable developing countries, focusing on crime, gang violence and domestic violence. It also looks at the effectiveness of donor programming to address this issue, and identifies areas where further research is needed. Perceived link between youth unemployment and violence The literature shows a strong acceptance of the assumption that youth unemployment is a factor leading to violence - both criminality and youth participation in political violence and armed groups. The hypothesis is that, without jobs, young people are prone to violence and pose a threat to society. This is thought to be particularly the case in countries with a high proportion of young people - 'youth bulges'. A search for empirical evidence to back up this hypothesis reveals two critical points: 1) a lack of consistency about terminology and definitions; and 2) a lack of data. Youth is defined differently in different countries/regions and by different agencies: whereas the UN defines youth as the age group from 15 to 24 years old, it can include someone as young as 12 or as old as 35. There also tends to be an assumption that youth in the context of unemployment and violence refers only to young males, not females. Moreover, there is ambiguity about whether it is unemployment or under-employment and the quality of work young people have that is relevant. Finding accurate, up-to-date, comprehensive, gender and age-disaggregated data on youth in developing countries is a major challenge. This is arguably even more the case in relation to unemployment and violence than in 'traditional' development sectors such as education and health. Details: Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham, 2016. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2017 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/58c8019640f0b67ec500018c/YouthUnemployment_Violence.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/58c8019640f0b67ec500018c/YouthUnemployment_Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 145147 Keywords: Developing Countries Domestic Violence Economics of Crime Gang Violence Unemployment and Crime Youthful Offenders

Author: Munyo, Ignacio Title: The Effects of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the Gender Wage Gap and Domestic Violence in Uruguay Summary: In this paper, we bring to light the experiences resulting from the significant depreciation of the Uruguayan real exchange rate between 2002 and 2003, followed by an equally considerable appreciation between 2004 and 2010. We explore the link between these fluctuations and the incidence of domestic violence taking place in Uruguay. The real exchange rate is a measure of the relative price between tradable and nontradable goods. While men are traditionally employed in tradable industries, such as manufacturing, women are more likely to work in nontradable industries, such as the service sector. A change in the real exchange rate, therefore, can affect the potential wages of men differently from those of women. In line with the models that represent household bargaining, an increase in the real exchange rate can generate an increase in the bargaining power of men relative to that of women within the household. We present evidence that it raises the frequency of domestic violence. This holds true in rich and poor areas of the city. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: IDB WORKING PAPER SERIES No. IDB-WP-618 : Accessed May 1, 2017 at: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7211/ICS_WP_Effects_Real_Exchange_Rate_Fluctuations_on_Gender_Wage_Gap_and_Domestic_Violence_Uruguay.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2015 Country: Uruguay URL: https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7211/ICS_WP_Effects_Real_Exchange_Rate_Fluctuations_on_Gender_Wage_Gap_and_Domestic_Violence_Uruguay.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 145222 Keywords: Domestic Violence Economics of Crime Poverty and Crime Violence Against Women

Author: McGuire, Magdalena Title: The Right to Refuse: Examining Forced Marriage in Australia Summary: This project drew on The Right to Refuse forum (a cross-sectoral forum on forced marriage which was held by the research partners) and the literature to devise some key findings about forced marriage. These findings are that: �h- Forced marriage is primarily a human rights and gender equality issue, not a cultural issue. Having said this, any interventions around forced marriage need to be approached with cultural sensitivity. �h- Forced marriage is a form of violence against women and girls. It can lead to a range of negative consequences for victims, including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, economic abuse, denial of education, social isolation, and mental health problems.1 �h- Forced marriage and arranged marriage are two distinct practices. While forced marriage is unlawful and harmful, arranged marriage is an acceptable practice (to the extent that it allows potential partners to consent to the marriage). Currently, there is little awareness in the community about the difference between forced marriage and arranged marriage. �h- Little is known about the prevalence and manifestation of forced marriage in Australia. Nonetheless, it is clear that forced marriage happens to a diverse range of women and girls in the Australian community. Young women and women with cognitive impairments can be particularly at risk of experiencing forced marriage. �h- School personnel, especially school welfare officers, are in a key position to identify potential cases of forced marriage involving girls and young women. �h- Forced marriage cases are complex and cross over multiple service sectors. It is rare for victims of forced marriage to present with only one problem for which they require assistance. �h- Many women and girls who have experienced forced marriage will require the assistance of domestic violence support services. Domestic violence services can be the first place where forced marriage is identified and responded to. �h- Women and girls who have experienced forced marriage can be reluctant to engage with services. A key way to address this barrier is to establish a relationship of trust between the victim of forced marriage and a worker within the relevant service. �h- A challenge for support workers is striking an appropriate balance between establishing trust with the victim of forced marriage and maintaining their own professional boundaries. This is because women and girls who have exited situations of forced marriage tend to be very socially isolated. Under these circumstances, they may come to regard their workers as the most important people in their lives. �h- Women and girls who have experienced forced marriage may require years of intense support to help them live safe and productive lives Details: Melbourne: Good Shepherd Youth & Family Services, Domestic Violence Victoria, 2014. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2017 at: https://www.goodshep.org.au/media/1222/right-to-refuse_final-report_v2.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Australia URL: https://www.goodshep.org.au/media/1222/right-to-refuse_final-report_v2.pdf Shelf Number: 145333 Keywords: Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Heron, Chelsea A. Title: Exploring the Differences Between Domestic Homicide and Homicide-Suicide: Implications for Risk Assessment and Safety Planning Summary: Domestic homicide, the killing of an individual by their current or former intimate partner, is a tragic and pervasive event. Research supports the finding that a history of domestic violence within a relationship acts as a strong predictor of domestic homicide (DH) and domestic homicide-suicide (DHS). At present, there is limited research that examines patterns in risk factors used to distinguish perpetrators of domestic homicide from domestic homicide-suicide. The present study aims to differentiate perpetrators of domestic homicide and domestic homicide-suicide according to prevalent risk factors and case characteristics. In this paper, case reports were examined from the Domestic Homicide Death Review Committee database that has been developed in collaboration with the Coroner's Office in Ontario. A multivariate analysis using demographic information and identified risk factors within the cases was conducted in order to explore key differences between the perpetrators. The study supports the development of more refined risk assessment and risk management strategies in order to prevent deaths in similar circumstances from occurring in the future. Details: London, Ontario: Western University, 2017. 97p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 19, 2017 at: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6237&context=etd Year: 2017 Country: Canada URL: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6237&context=etd Shelf Number: 145643 Keywords: Domestic Violence Homicide Intimate Partner Violence Suicide

Author: Vigurs, Carol Title: The Impact of Domestic Violence perpetrator Programmes on Victim and Criminal Justice Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews of Research Evidence Summary: Systematic reviews draw together all of the available evidence in a particular area. Where a number of systematic reviews already exist relating to a similar topic, it is possible to synthesis the findings contained in those systematic reviews in what is known as a 'review of reviews'. A systematic map of criminal justice interventions for domestic violence identified that a number of systematic reviews have already been published in relation to programmes aimed at perpetrators of domestic violence. It wasn't necessary therefore, to carry out a new systematic review in this area so instead, the evidence contained within these existing systematic reviews was examined and synthesised in a review of reviews. The review of reviews found that the evidence relating to domestic violence perpetrator programmes was inconclusive in terms of whether they were effective or not. There was evidence however, to suggest that programmes that paid attention to a person's readiness and motivation to change had some positive effects. In order to look more closely at what impact motivation enhancing techniques really had on domestic violence perpetrators, an in-depth review of primary studies on motivational enhancement was carried out. The results showed that motivation enhancing interventions, used as adjuncts to perpetrator programmes helped to reduce domestic violence recidivism. Details: London: UK College of Policing, 2016. 87p. Source: Internet Resource: WHAT WORKS: CRIME REDUCTION SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SERIESL Accessed May 24, 2017 at: http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Systematic_Review_Series/Pages/DA_perp_prog.aspx Year: 145754 Country: International URL: http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Systematic_Review_Series/Pages/DA_perp_prog.aspx Shelf Number: 2016 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Evidence-Based Programs Violence Against Women

Author: Humphreys, Cathy Title: PAThways and Research Into Collaborative Inter-Agency practice: Collaborative work across the child protection and specialist domestic and family violence interface: The PATRICIA Project. Final report Summary: PAThways and Research In Collaborative Inter-Agency practice (the PATRICIA Project) is an action research project focused on the collaborative relationship between specialist community-based domestic and family violence (DFV) support services for women and their children, and statutory child protection (CP) organisations. Drawing together a diverse range of participants from five states of Australia, it comprised five components of research, each with its own methodology, set within an action research framework that facilitated a process of changing things while simultaneously studying the "problems" of developing collaborative work and strengthening perpetrator accountability. The intended outcome was to use evidence to foster greater collaboration to support the safety and wellbeing of women and their children, and strengthen accountability for perpetrators of DFV. Its key findings include: - DFV and CP collaboration has not always been straightforward. The PATRICIA project found no silver bullet for making collaborations productive and constructive. However a range of factors were essential to engage in collaborative DFV partnerships. Specifically, the focus on the issues of safety and shifting attention to the risks of the perpetrators' use of violence to the safety and well-being of children and their mothers. The project also found that an authorising environment is foundational to partnership work between statutory and non-statutory organisations. - A Collaborative Practice Framework for Child Protection and Specialist DFV services has been developed to guide and sustain collaboration where DFV involving children occurs. - The case reading project, based on Safe and Together principles developed by David Mandel and colleagues, highlighted practitioners' inattention to the impact of DFV on children and family functioning. The case reading process provided a powerful tool to interrogate DFV practice and for statutory and non-statutory workers to work together using common principles and auditing template for review. - The analysis of specialist case studies pointed to strategies for creating a differential response which ensured that notifications were only made for children who reached the threshold for an investigation. The studies also pointed to the need for stronger community based services for children and their families. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2017. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Horizons Research Report: Accessed June 29, 2017 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Patricia_Horizons_final.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Patricia_Horizons_final.pdf Shelf Number: 146452 Keywords: Child Protection Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Connolly, Marie Title: The Collaborative Practice Framework for Child Protection and specialist domestic and family violence services: The PATRICIA project: Key findings and future directions Summary: PAThways and Research In Collaborative Inter-Agency practice (the PATRICIA Project) is an action research project focused on the collaborative relationship between specialist community-based domestic and family violence (DFV) support services for women and their children, and statutory child protection (CP) organisations. Drawing together a diverse range of participants from five states of Australia, it comprised five components of research, each with its own methodology, set within an action research framework that facilitated a process of changing things while simultaneously studying the "problems" of developing collaborative work and strengthening perpetrator accountability. The intended outcome was to use evidence to foster greater collaboration to support the safety and wellbeing of women and their children, and strengthen accountability for perpetrators of DFV. It's key findings include: - DFV and CP collaboration has not always been straightforward. The PATRICIA project found no silver bullet for making collaborations productive and constructive. However a range of factors were essential to engage in collaborative DFV partnerships. Specifically, the focus on the issues of safety and shifting attention to the risks of the perpetrators' use of violence to the safety and well-being of children and their mothers. The project also found that an authorising environment is foundational to partnership work between statutory and non-statutory organisations. - A Collaborative Practice Framework for Child Protection and Specialist DFV services has been developed to guide and sustain collaboration where DFV involving children occurs. - The case reading project, based on Safe and Together principles developed by David Mandel and colleagues, highlighted practitioners' inattention to the impact of DFV on children and family functioning. The case reading process provided a powerful tool to interrogate DFV practice and for statutory and non-statutory workers to work together using common principles and auditing template for review. - The analysis of specialist case studies pointed to strategies for creating a differential response which ensured that notifications were only made for children who reached the threshold for an investigation. The studies also pointed to the need for stronger community based services for children and their families. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2017. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: ANROWS Compass, Issue 03/2017):Accessed June 29, 2017 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Patricia_Compass.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Patricia_Compass.pdf Shelf Number: 146453 Keywords: Child Protection Domestic Violence Family Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Kaspiew, Rae Title: Domestic and family violence and parenting: Mixed methods insights into impact and support needs: Final report Summary: The Domestic and Family Violence and Parenting program is an extensive mixed method project that examines the impact of inter-parental conflict (IPC) and domestic and family violence (DFV) on parenting and parent-child relationships. It makes a unique contribution by bringing together evidence on a diversity of Australian populations, life-course stages, and experiences of IPC and DFV. The research captures the experiences and impacts on fathers, mothers, and children at varying ages and stages of development and independence. This has enabled identification of important issues that are shared or differ across gender and family structure. The results illustrate the impacts of IPC and DFV that affect a large number of families, as well as the experiences of those who have undergone highly challenging and traumatic circumstances. The research findings have significant police and practice implications at a range of levels, including: - Women who engage with services against a background of DFV have a number of complex material and psychosocial needs. - If women are not already engaged with a specialist DFV service, then such a referral is usually necessary. - It is likely that women and their children are experiencing ongoing abuse unless contact with the perpetrator has ceased and other safety measures to prevent abuse are available (e.g. being legally permitted to live at an undisclosed address to prevent stalking). - Women may need assistance and referral in relation to financial and housing needs, including being informed about the availability of Financial Wellbeing and Capability services and Financial Counselling. - Women and their children may be experiencing physical and emotional consequences from DFV and abuse and may need long-term therapeutic assistance. - Mothers may need referrals to programs and services that will support the restoration of parenting capacity from a perspective of understanding the dynamics of DFV, including programs that offer services to mothers and children together. Children may also need assistance separately. - Where relationships between fathers and children are being maintained, fathers may need referral to services in relation to parenting. Where this is occurring, the wellbeing and safety of children need to be monitored. - Service providers should be alert to the fact that their services and other types of services and agencies may be used in a pattern of systems abuse. Staff, including legal professionals, should be trained to recognise this and provide appropriate advice and referrals where this is occurring. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2017. 228p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 30, 2017 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Parenting_Horizons_FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Parenting_Horizons_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 146480 Keywords: Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Parenting Violence Against Women

Author: Kajeepeta, Sandhya Title: News Coverage of Intimate Partner Homicides in New York City (2013-16): A Systematic Review Summary: Key Takeaway: News coverage of intimate partner homicide in NYC has become more comprehensive in the past year, but there are important aspects of coverage quality that necessitate improvement given the critical role the media play in shaping public conversation around intimate partner violence. Highlights: Overall quality of coverage: - Only ten of the 442 articles (2.3%) covering NYC intimate partner homicides from 2013-16 included an intimate partner violence advocate or expert as a source. - Only 15% of articles used terms such as "domestic violence," "intimate partner violence," or "domestic abuse," and less than 8% of articles described the homicide as being intimate partner violence-related. - Less than 6% of articles framed the homicide within the broader social problem of intimate partner violence. - Only seven articles (1.6%) listed intimate partner violence resources for readers. Differences in quality of coverage by homicide: - Homicides that involved victims who were men and perpetrators who were women were covered differently than those that involved victims who were women and perpetrators who were men, respectively. - Articles about dating partners vs. spouses and articles about younger victims and perpetrators were less likely to place the homicide in the context of intimate partner violence. - Victim race was associated with multiple differences in the quality of news coverage. - Finally, articles about gun homicides were over six times less likely to identify areas for improvement in the system's response to domestic violence and over three times more likely to use victim blaming language compared to articles about other homicide methods. Details: New York: Office to Combat Domestic Violence, New York City Office of the Mayor, 2017. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 5, 2017 at: http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ocdv/downloads/pdf/IPVMediaReport.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ocdv/downloads/pdf/IPVMediaReport.pdf Shelf Number: 146743 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence News Media

Author: Agnew-Pauley, Winifred Title: The Domestic Violence Safety Action Tool (DVSAT): Results from the first 12 months of implementation Summary: Aim: To report on the first 12 months of implementation of the DVSAT. Method: All referrals in the Central Referral Point (CRP) database were linked to NSW police data to obtain responses to individual items contained in the DVSAT. Descriptive analysis of the DVSAT data was collated including the proportion of 'yes', 'no', 'refused' or 'unknown' responses for each question, and the total number of 'yes' responses for both intimate and non-intimate violence. Results: In the first 12 months of the operation of the It Stops Here: Safer Pathway Program, the DVSAT was administered to a total of 102,605 victims of domestic violence. One in five reported victims of intimate partner violence and one in 10 reported victims of non-intimate partner violence were classified as 'at serious threat'. Threat level was strongly related to scores on the DVSAT but there was also evidence that referrer risk ratings were determined by other factors. Regardless of the DVSAT results, alleged victims were initially classified as 'at serious threat' if they had reportedly experienced three or more prior domestic violence incidents. This arrangement was found to create a high level of service demand and has since been dropped. Conclusion: Research should be undertaken to assess the extent to which the DVSAT tool can accurately predict risk of further victimisation. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2017. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Issue paper no. 128: Accessed August 24, 2017 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2017-The-Domestic-Violence-Safety-Action-Tool-BB128.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2017-The-Domestic-Violence-Safety-Action-Tool-BB128.pdf Shelf Number: 146892 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment

Author: Lachenal, Cecile Title: Women's Political Representation as Key to Implementing Domestic Violence Laws: An Analysis of Ghana and Mexico Summary: Since the 1990s, over one hundred countries have passed domestic violence legislation in response to calls from the international community to that effect. Mexico and Ghana are two such countries. Having passed these laws, however, Mexico and Ghana have taken quite divergent paths during implementation. Mexico's protective services for survivors of domestic violence are far more comprehensive than those in Ghana. 72 shelters have been established where survivors can access coordinated legal, medical, psychological, training and financial support. In addition, both state and non-state actors work together to deliver these services with funding from the government and international sources. Ghana, on the other hand, has only set up two shelters and while some support services are provided, they are not always available. Furthermore, Ghana relies very heavily on international donor agencies for funding to execute its domestic violence programmes. This presents a challenge because donor agencies focus more heavily on advocacy work than on service provision. With a focus on the delivery of protection services, this paper explores the factors that shaped the contrasting outcomes of the implementation of domestic violence legislation in Ghana and Mexico. We argue that differing levels of gender institutionalisation in the two countries explain these divergent outcomes. We explain gender institutionalisation as the ability of female politicians to fully operationalise women's human rights. Countries that have high levels of gender institutionalisation go beyond passing bills to ensure implementation. Such governments demonstrate the political commitment required to put in place the institutional and financial frameworks that make the implementation of social legislation possible. Mexico, we argue, has higher levels of gender institutionalisation than Ghana. The Mexican government has set up a number of institutions with a specific focus on addressing domestic violence issues from a human rights perspective. Ghana, on the other hand, has established fewer institutions. Mexico also has the added advantage of providing state funds to these institutions which enables them implement the national law on domestic violence. Levels of gender institutionalisation, we argue, depend primarily on the proportion of female parliamentary representatives in each country; with Mexico demonstrating a much higher level of symbolic and substantive female representation in parliament than Ghana. In 2007, when the domestic violence law was passed, 23.2% of parliamentarians in Mexico were women. Beyond this symbolic representation, female parliamentarians have also ensured substantive representation of women's interests in legislative processes. This is evident in two ways. First, these women entered into a pact in which they agreed to vote in favour of laws that benefited women, regardless of their personal political persuasions. Secondly, they worked in collaboration with the Gender Equality Commission to push for gender budgeting to be introduced into government systems. This led to the allocation of state funds to the various institutions that had been put in charge of implementing the domestic violence law. Ghana, on the other hand, has far fewer female representatives in parliament. In percentage terms, the number has hovered around 10% since the return to democratic rule in 1992. These women have been unable to translate their presence in parliament into substantive gains for Ghanaian women so far as domestic violence issues are concerned. Based on our findings about the Mexican experience, we make three recommendations for Ghana and other countries interested in implementing domestic violence laws. First, we argue for the development of policies and programmes to ensure increased representation of women in parliament. Second, we advocate for civil society organisations to work with female parliamentarians to improve the substantive representation of women's issues in parliament. Finally, we recommend gender budgeting be integrated into government systems at national and regional levels Details: Mexico: Fundar, Centre of Analysis and Research, 2017. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Comparative Evidence Paper: Accessed September 14, 2017 at: http://fundar.org.mx/mexico/pdf/CEPwomens.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: http://fundar.org.mx/mexico/pdf/CEPwomens.pdf Shelf Number: 147252 Keywords: Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Laws Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Gilad, Michal Title: In God's Shadow: Unveiling the Hidden World of Domestic Violence Victims in Religious Communities Summary: In recent years, the phenomenon of domestic violence was elevated to the infamous status of a "global epidemic" infesting our society. Despite continuous efforts by law and policy makers to combat this adverse phenomenon affecting 1 in every 3 women around the globe, the problem persists to thrive among us. Despite this widespread distribution of the phenomenon across society, not all victims are confronted with the same set of challenges in their way to freedom from the chains of violence and abuse. Domestic violence victims of closely knit and observant religious communities is a particular group that faces a distinct set of barriers, which affect their ability and willingness to report, escape the abuse, and cooperate with law enforcement and prosecution agents. This article aims to provide a unique and fascinating window into the hidden world of domestic violence victims in communities of faith, and to untangle some of the complexities associated with this sensitive issue. This additional layer of knowledge is a vital element in enhancing our ability to implement and promote programs and policies to combat the adverse phenomenon of domestic violence. Details: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Law School, 2013. 80p. Source: Internet Resource: U of Penn Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 13-27: Accessed September 28, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2331015 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2331015 Shelf Number: 131588 Keywords: Domestic Violence Religion

Author: Wendt, Sarah Title: Seeking help for domestic and family violence: Exploring regional, rural, and remote women's coping experiences: Final report Summary: This report presents the results of a qualitative study examining the experiences of women seeking help for domestic and family violence who live in regional, rural, and remote areas in Australia. The study contributes to the limited evidence on how geographical and social isolation shapes women's coping with and decisions to seek assistance for domestic and family violence, and their efforts to live safely. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2017. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Research report: Accessed October 3, 2017 at: http://apo.org.au/system/files/106901/apo-nid106901-430811.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/system/files/106901/apo-nid106901-430811.pdf Shelf Number: 147532 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Rural Areas Victim Services Victims of Crime Violence Against Women

Author: O'Brien, Mary Title: Connecting to Safety and Stability: Domestic Violence Needs Assessment of Chicago Summary: Domestic violence is pervasive, dangerous, and impacts individuals and communities throughout our state. It is estimated that more than 2 million Illinoisans have experienced domestic violence in their lifetime. A new report, released today, examines its prevalence in Chicago and what needs to be done to better serve survivors. In Connecting to Safety and Stability: Domestic Violence Needs Assessment of Chicago, Heartland Alliance's Social IMPACT Research Center, documents the existing domestic violence response system in Chicago, highlights the gaps that need to be filled, and makes recommendations to strengthen the existing response system and better meet survivors' needs. The report found that: Domestic violence occurs throughout the city, but there is disparate access to services for survivors. While national data suggests that women of color experience domestic violence at a higher rate than their white counterparts, available domestic violence services are predominantly located in majority white communities and/or higher-income communities. Locally, the communities with some of the highest rates of domestic crimes have the least physical access to domestic violence services. This means that too many individuals who need to access these critical services cannot get to them or have a much more difficult time doing so. The state budget impasse significantly impacted providers that offer services to survivors of domestic violence. Among service providers that primarily serve survivors of domestic violence, 65% reported that they have limited referral partners as a result of the state budget impasse, 47% have tapped into cash reserves, 41% have had to reduce staff, and 35% have tapped into lines of credit. Survivors use the services that are currently offered by domestic violence service organizations. In 2016, 10,194 survivors received services from Chicago-based providers. Service providers in Chicago are consistently operating at or over capacity. Additional support is needed for policies and programs that address the long-term needs of survivors, including policies that address poverty and economic needs. In 2016, 43.8% of survivors had a monthly income of $500 or less. In addition to this demonstrated economic need among service recipients, economic abuse is commonly used in domestic violence, contributing to the financial needs of survivors. The most consistent unmet need identified by stakeholders was safe and affordable housing and shelter. Shelters consistently operate at capacity and there are few options for a survivor who does not want to go to shelter. There were 46,301 domestic incidents in 2016, a rate of 1,704 domestic incidents per 100,000 Chicagoans. And on average, the police responded to 127 incidents and made 23 arrests in response to a domestic incident per day in 2016. "Domestic Violence occurs in every community area in Chicago. But, not all of our communities are resourced the same, resulting in drastically limited options for survivors in specific communities in our city," says Mary O'Brien, Senior Research Associate at Heartland Alliance. "Chicago must address the systemic inequities that exist in the availability and access to domestic violence services." Coming on the heels of the protracted state budget crisis, this report documents the important role service providers play in responding to this pervasive issue and identifies the outstanding needs of survivors. Connecting to Safety and Stability demonstrates that current services are heavily used by survivors of domestic violence. In total, survivors received 149,864 hours of direct services in 2016. From counseling, legal advocacy, life skills, health and wellness, and supports for children, providers offer, quite literally, lifesaving services that are desperately needed. It is imperative that these services receive adequate funding to continue, and expand, the work that they do and the individuals that they reach. In addition to evaluations and findings, Connecting to Safety and Stability recommends various changes to funding, policy, and practice to bolster the domestic violence response in Chicago Details: Chicago: Heartland Alliance, Social Impact Research Center, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 5, 2017 at: http://socialimpactresearchcenter.issuelab.org/resource/connecting-to-safety-and-stability-domestic-violence-needs-assessment-of-chicago-4.html Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: http://socialimpactresearchcenter.issuelab.org/resource/connecting-to-safety-and-stability-domestic-violence-needs-assessment-of-chicago-4.html Shelf Number: 147588 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Louisiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence Title: Findings and Recommendations Relative to the Status of Domestic Abuse Intervention Programming in Louisiana Summary: This report provides an analysis of select aspects of domestic violence response in Louisiana, supplements information available from other sources, and identifies significant areas of remaining need in our state's domestic violence response. It is meant to give a voice to domestic violence survivors as it relates to their experience navigating various systems. Details: Baton Rouge: The Coalition, 2012. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 6, 2017 at: http://lcadv.org/wp-content/uploads/DAIP-Report-to-Legislature-02-20-12.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://lcadv.org/wp-content/uploads/DAIP-Report-to-Legislature-02-20-12.pdf Shelf Number: 147594 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victims Services Violence Against Women

Author: Alcohol Concern Title: Embracing alcohol, domestic abuse and families: a new approach Summary: Evidence from several sources in the UK suggests experience of domestic abuse is highly prevalent within the alcohol treatment population. Embracing alcohol, domestic abuse and families:a new approach was funded by the Big Lottery Fund with the aim that the findings could assist alcohol services to work more effectively around the overlapping issues of alcohol problems, domestic abuse, children and families. Details: London: Alcohol Concern, 2016. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2017 at: https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2c25c083-efd6-4304-90f7-7ca5e03dc2ca Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2c25c083-efd6-4304-90f7-7ca5e03dc2ca Shelf Number: 147662 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Domestic Violence

Author: KPMG Title: The cost of violence against women and their children in Australia. Final Detailed Report Summary: Understanding the total cost of violence against women and their children is critical to support the implementation of The National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children 2010-2022 (the National Plan) Violence against women and their children is a crime and a fundamental breach of human rights. It has significant and far-reaching implications for its victims, their children, their families and friends, and the broader Australian economy. It is estimated that in this year alone, over one million women have or will experience violence, emotional abuse and stalking. The implications of experiencing violence can include long term social, health, and psychosocial impacts, death, and broader financial and the economic impacts on individuals and the broader community and economy. Addressing the issue of violence against women and their children is complex, and will necessitate generational change and ongoing and targeted investment into long term solutions. The collective commitment by Commonwealth, state and territory governments made by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) towards the development of the National Plan represented an important step towards developing a national approach to reducing the prevalence of violence. The National Plan identified the importance of establishing a more comprehensive and consistent evidence base to better inform policy decisions on a jurisdictional and national level. Significant momentum for change has also been created by Rosie Batty's extensive public awareness raising, the 227 recommendations from the Royal Commission into Family Violence (Victoria), and the release of the Queensland Government report and recommendations Not Now, Not Ever - Putting an End to Domestic and Family Violence in Queensland. - Recent studies have found that there are a number of key challenges to understanding the cost of violence, due to limitations in the data in understanding the prevalence and impacts of violence for specific cohorts, geographies, and forms of violence. - Our understanding of violence is also evolving - as new research, data and information is made available, the definition of violence is being refined and expanded. The purpose of this Technical Report is to progress the development of the evidence base informing The National Plan and the Third Action Plan 2016-2019 - Promising Results. For the purpose of comparability of results, the approach is consistent with previous work undertaken, however, has been expanded and updated to reflect the most recent prevalence information, data and research. The Report updates and extends KPMG's 2009 calculations and analysis for Estimating the Cost of Violence Against Women and their Children. Details: Canberra ACT: Australian Department of Social Services, 2016. 119p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 16, 2017 at: https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/08_2016/the_cost_of_violence_against_women_and_their_children_in_australia_-_final_report_may_2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/08_2016/the_cost_of_violence_against_women_and_their_children_in_australia_-_final_report_may_2016.pdf Shelf Number: 147694 Keywords: Costs of Violence Domestic Violence Economics of Crime Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: McCormick, Amanda V. Title: Enhancing Surrey RCMP Detachment's Domestic Violence Unit Summary: Violence against women is a global concern, so much so that in 1993 the United Nations issued a Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women in which they defined violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts..." (UN: 1993). A common form of violence against women is the violence, or threat thereof, perpetrated against a woman by her domestic partner - known alternatively as violence against women, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, spousal violence, or family violence (see Rossiter, 2011 for a more in depth discussion of these definitions). Domestic violence - the threat or engagement in physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a person towards their romantic partner - occurs all too frequently in Canadian society, and was estimated to cost Canadian society over $7 billion in 2009 (Zhang, Hoddenbagh, McDonald, & Scrim, 2012). Of note, while domestic violence can also be perpetrated by a female against her male or female partner, the bulk of domestic violence calls for service to the police involve heterosexual couples, where the male partner is accused of engaging in violence against a female partner. This report focuses on the activities of the Surrey RCMP specialized Domestic Violence Unit and its activities to reduce and prevent domestic violence. This report provides the summation of interviews conducted with current and former members of the Domestic Violence Unit in the Surrey RCMP, as well as North American literature on domestic violence for context. The report concludes with recommendations for the Surrey RCMP to consider to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of this unit in handling domestic violence investigations and managing serious and persistent domestic violence offenders. Details: Abbotsford, BC: University of the Fraser Valley, Centre for Public Safety and Criminal Justice Research, 2017. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 4, 2017 at: https://cjr.ufv.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Surrey-RCMP-Domesitc-Violence-Report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Canada URL: https://cjr.ufv.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Surrey-RCMP-Domesitc-Violence-Report.pdf Shelf Number: 148036 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Everytown for Gun Safety Title: Mass Shootings in the United States: 2009-2016 Summary: At around 11:30 PM on Saturday, July 26, 2014, neighbors of the Smith family in Saco, ME heard gunshots ring out. Maine State Police detectives arrived at the Smiths' apartment to discover five bodies, all fatally shot. Finding a shotgun under Joel Smith's body, police quickly identified the scene as a murder-suicide: Smith had shot and killed his wife Heather, their two children, and his stepson before turning the gun on himself. There were several warning signs in advance of the shooting that suggested the Smith family was in danger. After the shooting, Joel's father told police that his son was a heavy drinker and often used alcohol to cope with depression. And a family friend of the Smiths told police that, just days before the shooting, Heather confided that Joel had pointed a gun at his own head and threatened to kill himself. The story of the Smith family is devastating. But when it comes to mass shootings in the United States - incidents in which four or more people are shot and killed, not including the shooter - it fits a familiar pattern. Like the shooting of the Smith family, the majority of mass shootings in the United States are related to domestic or family violence. Furthermore, there are often warning signs in advance of these shootings - "red flags" indicating that the shooters posed a risk to themselves or others. Details: New York: Everytown for Gun Safety, 2017. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 18, 2017 at: https://everytownresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Analysis_of_Mass_Shooting_033117.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://everytownresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Analysis_of_Mass_Shooting_033117.pdf Shelf Number: 148256 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gun Violence Gun-Related Violence Homicides Mass Shootings

Author: Yeong, Steve Title: Evaluation of the 2015 Domestic Violence Evidence-in-Chief (DVEC) Reforms Summary: Aim: To investigate the impact of the 2015 Domestic Violence Evidence-in-Chief (DVEC) reforms on court outcomes for Domestic Violence (DV) assaults in New South Wales (NSW). Method: Court outcome data from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research's Reoffending Database (ROD) and DVEC data from the NSW Police Force's Computerised Operational Policing System (COPS) were extracted for the period January 2014 to June 2016. These data were used to assess the impact of DVEC using two different identification strategies. First, an Instrumental Variables approach was employed in order to estimate the causal effect of a DVEC statement on the probabilities that an individual defendant: i) has at least one proven offence (a conviction) or ii) pleads guilty to at least one offence at their court appearance. We also use this approach in order to estimate the impact of a DVEC statement on the time taken to finalise a DV assault matter conditional on a guilty plea being entered. Second, a dynamic panel data model with fixed effects was employed in order to investigate the relationship between each Local Area Command's (LAC's) monthly conviction and guilty plea rate for DV assaults and its uptake of DVEC. Results: We find no evidence to indicate that DVEC has had a significant impact on the probability of a guilty plea or the time to finalisation for matters resulting in a guilty plea. We do, however, find limited evidence to indicate that the presence of a DVEC statement may increase the probability of a conviction by about two percentage points. With respect to the monthly LAC level analysis, we find no evidence to indicate that a LAC's DVEC uptake rate has any significant effect on its rate of convictions or guilty pleas. Both of these results are extremely robust to a variety of specifications. Conclusions: Once factors like seasonality and systematic differences between LACs are taken into account, there is limited evidence of a significant impact of the NSW DVEC reforms on court outcomes for DV assaults. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2017. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 206: Accessed November 28, 2017 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/2017-Report-Evaluation-of-the-2015-Domestic-Violence-Evidence-in-Chief-DVEC-reforms-CJB206.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/2017-Report-Evaluation-of-the-2015-Domestic-Violence-Evidence-in-Chief-DVEC-reforms-CJB206.pdf Shelf Number: 148513 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Vlais, Rodney Title: Family and domestic violence perpetrator programs: Issues paper of current and emerging trends, developments and expectations Summary: Responding to men's use of violence and coercive control against their female partners has a relatively short history nationally and internationally dating from the late 1970s and early 1980s. There is still much to be learned about how to stop the use of such violence, and continuing debate about explanations of family and domestic violence (FDV) and therefore the best way forward for interventions. Men's behaviour change programs (MBCPs) have been the mainstay of perpetrator intervention, alongside civil law protection orders and some criminal justice responses. MBCPs have not been a panacea and nor should we expect them to be, however, growing evidence does indicate that the programs can make a positive difference for some men if there are wider FDV service systems in place that support men's accountability and are responsive to changes in risk. MBCPs are one specialist and intensive response which can serve only a proportion of men using violence, hence there is a need for earlier responses by agencies with which perpetrators come into contact. A related concern is that FDV response systems often hold limited and differing information about the perpetrators of violence, such as the level of risk, his range of behaviours and his location. There is now a growing national urgency to ensure we have an earlier and more extensive system of perpetrator responses, so that the delivery of MBCPs becomes a further downstream response once other parts of the intervention system have engaged the man. This requires that practitioners from a diverse range of agencies can more effectively identify FDV perpetrators, necessitating organisational shifts which see the response to perpetrators as within their remit, and greater awareness and 'know how' amongst those running and working in these agencies as well as augmenting the system of responses currently available. We are not suggesting that earlier responses replace MBCPs, rather that other agencies play a role in ensuring the perpetrator is both visible and has options to engage. This is important because men presenting at substance abuse or mental health services have often also been perpetrating violence against a partner which can be overlooked or ignored when the focus of intervention is narrow. Therefore, advances in the system such as family violence informed coordinated case management, behavioural insights interventions, and fathering programs are not alternatives to MBCP work. Rather, they augment the opportunities for perpetrator engagement and can provide a valuable source of information that is not always known to others working with the man or the partner and children. They offer a strategic spectrum of responses that can potentially lead into, follow on from or run in parallel with a perpetrator's participation in a MBCP. Advancing a system of perpetrator intervention is easier said than done. The ripple-like dynamics of FDV demand a well-developed and linked system of responses which holds the safety and protection of women and children as its primary goal by keeping 'eyes on' the perpetrator, and a system that encompasses the option to engage, assess risk and conduct a level of surveillance. This challenge is complex but not insurmountable. Critical to building this system is commitment by FDV specialist agencies, mainstream agencies with a key role in FDV (such as police and child protection), and by agencies which often have men using violence attending the service but which do not address this issue directly or intensively, to ask questions about FDV, assess risk, share information and offer consistent pathways to addressing men�s use of violence. This report offers a national view of trends and developments ranging from the systemic level to daily practice, to stimulate discussion and action about the next steps needed to build perpetrator intervention systems which will strengthen existing FDV efforts and MBCPs within that system. Now is the time to put these developments in place in the wake of recommendations from a second generation of formal inquiries and commissions into FDV in Victoria, Queensland and South Australia, and through momentum for change related to the National Plan of Action to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children. Details: Stopping Family Violence, Inc., 2017. 134p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 30, 2017 at: http://sfv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FDV-perpetrator-programs-issues-paper.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Australia URL: http://sfv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FDV-perpetrator-programs-issues-paper.pdf Shelf Number: 148593 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women, Children

Author: Prison Reform Trust Title: "There's a reason we're in trouble": Domestic abuse as a driver to women's offending Summary: Many women in prison have been victims of much more serious offences than the ones they are accused of, with a growing body of research indicating that women's exposure to physical, emotional and sexual abuse, including coercive control, is for some a driver of their offending. A key difference between women and men in prison is that family relationships tend to be a protective factor for men whilst, for women, relationships are more often a risk factor. Baroness Corston's study of women in the criminal justice system a decade ago found that coercion by male partners and relatives is a distinct route into criminality and prison for some women. The purpose of this briefing is to highlight the links between women's victimisation and their offending and make recommendations that will help break the cycle. Our intention is neither to pathologise nor to exculpate women offenders affected by domestic abuse, but to understand the factors underlying their offending and ensure that these are fully and fairly taken into account in decision-making by criminal justice agencies. The co-existence of victimisation and offending is now better recognised, but the links between them are still not well understood by all agencies. There has been some progress both in tackling violence and abuse against women and girls, and in the treatment of victims in the criminal justice system. Improvements in the police response and in aspects of the court process should lead to benefits for women offenders affected by domestic abuse, but challenges remain. The latest figures from the Crown Prosecution Service show a reduction in prosecutions for domestic abuse, and funding cuts to specialist domestic abuse services including refuges leave vulnerable women without support. The links between domestic abuse and offending by women require more attention in: - UK and Welsh Government strategies on tackling violence against women and girls, on women offenders, and on victims - Sentencing guidance - Frameworks of standards, guidance and training for all criminal justice professionals - police, prosecutors, offender managers, criminal defence lawyers and the judiciary - Commissioning of specialist, gender-specific support and rehabilitation programmes in prison and the community - Police responses to women offenders who may be affected by domestic abuse, including through problem solving triage and diversion schemes. Details: London: PRT, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 18, 2018 at: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Domestic_abuse_report_final_lo.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Domestic_abuse_report_final_lo.pdf Shelf Number: 148855 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Female Offenders Violence Against Women

Author: Kavanaugh, Guadalupe E. Title: Inter-Generational Benefits of Improving Access to Justice for Women: Evidence from Peru Summary: Domestic violence is a major concern in developing countries, with important social, economic and health consequences. However, institutions do not usually address the problems facing women or ethnic and religious minorities. For example, the police do very little to stop domestic violence in rural areas of developing countries. This paper exploits the introduction of Women's Justice Centers (WJCs) in Peru to provide causal estimates on the effects of improving access to justice for women and children. These centers offer a new integrated public service model for women by including medical, psychological and legal support in cases of violence against women. Our empirical approach uses a difference in difference estimation exploiting variation over time and space in the opening of WJC centers together with province-by-year fixed effects. Exploiting administrative data from health providers, district attorney offices and schools, we find that after the opening of these centers, there are important improvements on women's welfare: a large reduction in domestic violence, feminicides and female hospitalizations for assault. Moreover, using geo-coded household surveys we find evidence that the existence of these services increase women's threat points and, therefore, lead to household decisions that are more aligned with their interests. Using administrative data on the universe of schools, we find large gains on human capital for their children: affected children are more likely to enroll, attend school and have better grades in national exams, instead of working for the family. In sum, the evidence in this paper shows that providing access to justice for women can be a powerful tool to reduce domestic violence and increase education of children, suggesting a positive inter-generational benefit. Details: Unpublished paper, 2017. 84p, Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 18, 2018 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3022670 Year: 2017 Country: Peru URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3022670 Shelf Number: 148860 Keywords: Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Femicide Violence Against Women

Author: Fowler, Katherine A. Title: Surveillance for Violent Deaths -- National Violent Death Reporting System, 18 States, 2014 Summary: Problem/Condition: In 2014, approximately 59,000 persons died in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 18 U.S. states for 2014. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Reporting Period Covered: 2014. Description of System: NVDRS collects data from participating states regarding violent deaths. Data are obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplemental homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). This report includes data from 18 states that collected statewide data for 2014 (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin). NVDRS collates documents for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, a homicide followed by a suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident. Results: For 2014, a total of 22,098 fatal incidents involving 22,618 deaths were captured by NVDRS in the 18 states included in this report. The majority of deaths were suicides (65.6%), followed by homicides (22.5%), deaths of undetermined intent (10.0%), deaths involving legal intervention (1.3%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1%). The term "legal intervention" is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement. Suicides occurred at higher rates among males, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN), non-Hispanic whites, persons aged 45-54 years, and males aged ≥75 years. Suicides were preceded primarily by a mental health, intimate partner, substance abuse, or physical health problem or a crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. Homicide rates were higher among males and persons aged <1 year and 15-44 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black and AI/AN males. Homicides primarily were precipitated by arguments and interpersonal conflicts, occurrence in conjunction with another crime, or related to intimate partner violence (particularly for females). When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspected perpetrator was known, it was most often either an acquaintance/ friend or an intimate partner. Legal intervention death rates were highest among males and persons aged 20-44 years; rates were highest among non-Hispanic black males and Hispanic males. Precipitating factors for the majority of legal intervention deaths were alleged criminal activity in progress, the victim reportedly using a weapon in the incident, a mental health or substance abuse problem, an argument or conflict, or a recent crisis. Deaths of undetermined intent occurred more frequently among males, particularly non-Hispanic black and AI/AN males, and persons aged 30-54 years. Substance abuse, mental health problems, physical health problems, and a recent crisis were the most common circumstances preceding deaths of undetermined intent. Unintentional firearm deaths were more frequent among males, non-Hispanic whites, and persons aged 10-24 years; these deaths most often occurred while the shooter was playing with a firearm and were most often precipitated by a person unintentionally pulling the trigger or mistakenly thinking the firearm was unloaded. Details: Atlanta: e Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Surveillance Summaries / Vol. 67 / No. 2: Accessed February 6, 2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/pdfs/ss6702-H.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/pdfs/ss6702-H.pdf Shelf Number: 149005 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Gun-Related Violence Homicide Murders Suicides Violence-Related Injuries Violent Crime

Author: SafeLives Title: Your Choice: 'honour'-based violence, forced marriage and domestic abuse Summary: Our fourth Spotlight report focuses on domestic abuse victims and survivors who are at risk of so called 'honour'-based violence, including forced marriage. Throughout this report we will refer to this type of abuse using the acronym HBV, though this in no way indicates any actual sense of honour being conferred on this type of activity by SafeLives or by contributors to this report. The numbers The prevalence of 'honour'-based violence (HBV) is extensive in the UK and around the world, but the true scale of the problem is unknown. In 2014 a Freedom of Information request to UK police forces revealed that over 11,000 cases of so-called 'honour' crime were recorded between 2010-141 . Forced Marriage is a significant part of the abuse for many victims of HBV, with the Government's Forced Marriage Unit supporting over 1,400 cases in 20162 . Many more crimes are never reported, with numerous barriers preventing victims from coming forward. For instance, reporting the abuse may trigger further HBV, and can lead to isolation from family and communities. The context 'Honour'-based violence is in evidence across countries, cultures and religions. Circumstances which may lead to the abuse are wide ranging and not culturally specific. It is important to remember that, despite the use of this label, there can be no 'honour' in abuse, and where culture or tradition are used to exert power or control over others, this can only be a misuse of that culture. HBV affects people of all ages, but often begins early, in the family home. This can lead to a deeply embedded form of coercive control, built on expectations about behaviour that are made clear at a young age. Often the control is established without obvious violence against the victim, for instance through family members threatening to kill themselves because of the victim's behaviour. Women are particularly at risk of 'honour'-based violence, and as such it is important to recognise this form of abuse within the wider context of violence perpetrated against women and girls, resulting from an underlying denial of their human rights. Data from the Crown Prosecution Service on cases flagged as 'honour'-based violence reveals that (where gender was recorded) 76% of victims were female3 . Many contributors to our Spotlight highlighted the links between HBV and patriarchy, with women being tasked with carrying the 'honour' of their fathers, their husbands and their sons. Despite the strong evidence of disproportionate effect on women and girls, 'honour'-based violence is experienced by both men and women, with factors such as sexuality and disability putting some men at particular risk. As we will explore, perpetration of this type of abuse is also a complex picture. Details: Bristol, UK: SafeLives, 2017. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Spotlight Report #Hidden Victims: Accessed February 12, 2018 at: http://safelives.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Spotlight%20on%20HBV%20and%20forced%20marriage-web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://safelives.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Spotlight%20on%20HBV%20and%20forced%20marriage-web.pdf Shelf Number: 149092 Keywords: Domestic Violence Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Honor-Based Violence Violence-Against Women

Author: SafeLives Title: Safe Later Lives: Older people and domestic abuse Summary: Domestic abuse is a complex, wide reaching and largely hidden phenomenon. Each year, around 2.1 million people suffer from domestic abuse in England and Wales - 1.4 million women (8.5% of the population) and 700,000 men (4.5% of the population). Crucially, 85% of victims made five attempts on average to get support from professionals in the year before they accessed effective help to stop the abuse. Whilst the impact of domestic abuse is grave on all victims, certain groups experience additional challenges and barriers. Many surveys and studies, such as the Crime Survey for England and Wales, have excluded consideration for victims aged 60 plus, and awareness raising campaigns have consistently focused on younger victims and perpetrators. This serves to reinforce the false assumption that abuse ceases to exist beyond a certain age. The limited pool of research which does exist on domestic abuse and older people suggests that "older women's experiences of domestic abuse are markedly different from those in younger age groups and that these differences have not been adequately acknowledged or accounted for". This report provides a focus on this historically 'hidden' group, which is essential to tailoring appropriate and effective services for victims (and perpetrators). The report is part of the SafeLives 'Spotlights' series, which will focus on hidden groups of domestic abuse victims throughout 2016 and 2017 and propose recommendations for both practitioners and policymakers. The first Spotlights has focused on older victims of abuse and involved a survey with 27 professionals, feedback from survivors, frontline practitioners and policymakers, as well as webinars and a social media Q&A. Details: Brighton, UK: SafeLives, 2016. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Spotlights Report #1 Hidden Victims: Accessed February 13, 2018 at: http://safelives.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Safe%20Later%20Lives%20-%20Older%20people%20and%20domestic%20abuse.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://safelives.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Safe%20Later%20Lives%20-%20Older%20people%20and%20domestic%20abuse.pdf Shelf Number: 149111 Keywords: Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Elderly Victims Family Violence

Author: Coy, Maddy Title: 'Changing our Heads': Evaluation of the partnership between Shpresa Programme and Solace Women's Aid to develop a specialist service for Albanian Speaking Women experiencing violence in London Summary: In 2012, Shpresa programme, an Albanian community organisation, developed a partnership with Solace Women's Aid (Solace), a specialist VAWG support service, to engage Albanian Speaking Women (ASW) in London around experiences of violence and abuse. There are three elements of support and intervention in the project: - workshops on domestic violence, delivered by an Albanian speaking worker, which are incorporated into Shpresa's women's support group sessions (the ARISE project); - individual casework, also delivered by an Albanian speaking worker based at Solace (the Empower project); and - workshops with children and young people about domestic violence. While some organisations provide specialist support for women from Eastern European communities who are experiencing violence (see Thiara, 2015), this project is the first to combine the expertise of an Albanian community organisation and a VAWG service provider. This meant a knowledge exchange between the two organisations, extending the skills and capacity of Shpresa staff and volunteers about domestic violence, and of Solace about the needs of Albanian speaking women (ASW), was core to the partnership. The project wasfunded by Trust for London and the Henry Smith Charity. In September 2013, the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit (CWASU) at London Metropolitan University were commissioned by Trust for London to evaluate the project. The evaluation brief required a focus on what lessons can be learned from this model of provision - a small community organisation acting as service commissioner - to inform the development of sustainable services for women from newly arrived communities in London. This final report is based on two years of delivery of the project, from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2015. As a small scale process evaluation, the children's workshops were not included. The report: - sets out the background to the partnership between Shpresa and Solace; - provides an overview of the project context by summarising what is known about Albanian communities in the UK and on Albanian-speaking women and violence; - outlines the evaluation methodology; - presents evidence of how the project met its objectives; and - offers reflections on this model of partnership for future commissioning. The title of the report - 'Changing our Heads' - refers to the way that workers spoke about the process of challenging attitudes and values, and also speaks to changes in practices that were necessary by each organisation in this new partnership. Details: London: Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit London Metropolitan University,2016. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 15, 2018 at: http://solacewomensaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CWASU-evaluation-report-FINAL-VERSION-FOR-LAUNCH.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://solacewomensaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CWASU-evaluation-report-FINAL-VERSION-FOR-LAUNCH.pdf Shelf Number: 149154 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Mogensen, Michael Title: Corner and Area Gangs of inner-city Jamaica Summary: The history of organised armed violence in Jamaica is linked to the violent political conflict that has taken place periodically on the island since the late 1960s. However, the roots of organised violence in Jamaica can be traced back to the heated electoral disputes of the late 1940s between politicians Norman Manley (founder of the People's National Party) and Alexander Bustamente (founder of the Jamaica Labour Party). "There is a clear sense in which the violence of the late 1960s flourished so rapidly because there was a history of inter-party violence." The division of inner-city neighbourhoods according to political allegiance occurred in the 1940s and 1950s, with party supporters choosing to live together in certain sections (yards) and rival party supporters forced out of others. This segregation of certain areas occurred some twenty years before the creation of politically controlled housing schemes. The growth of these divided, garrison communities in Kingston, such as Craig Town, Tivoli Gardens and others, has been one of the key factors in the development of organised violence in Jamaica and has "fostered the escalation of political violence and nurtured the growth of gun and drug crime." In Jamaica violence has taken on different forms: political violence, drug-related violence and domestic violence. As Harriott points out, the problem of violent crime has been a major issue in Jamaica since the mid-1960s, as reflected in the tough-on-crime policies of the 1970s. Between 1960 and 1976, illegal possession of guns rose from 8 per 100,000 to 90 per 100,000 inhabitants. Details: Children in Organised Armed Violence, 2004. 15p.15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 27, 2018 at: http://www.helpjamaica.org/downloads/reports/COAV_report.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Jamaica URL: http://www.helpjamaica.org/downloads/reports/COAV_report.pdf Shelf Number: 149268 Keywords: Domestic Violence Drug-Related Violence Gang Gang Violence Gang-Related Violence

Author: Everytown for Gun Safety Title: A Census of Domestic Violence: Gun Homicides in Arizona Summary: On December 20, 2012, after months of escalating harassment and violent threats, Joseph Leroy Francis approached his ex-girlfriend Ashley Hicks in the parking lot of her apartment building in Tucson, Arizona. He grabbed her arm and asked to talk to her. When she resisted, he shot her seven times, killing her. Afterwards he drove to Ashley's parents home, told them he had killed their daughter, and then went home and shot himself. The incident was tragic, and it also might have been prevented, since there was ample evidence that Joseph posed a danger to Ashley. On August 17, 2012, four months before the murder, Joseph assaulted Ashley in a grocery store. That same day, she obtained an order of protection against him. The court that issued the order had the power to require Joseph to turn in his firearms�- but chose not to, even though it is well established that a gun in the hands of a batterer increases five-fold the risk of homicide for his partner. Fifteen states mandate that people subject to domestic violence protection orders turn in their firearms, but Arizona is not one of them. In the last months of Ashley's life, Joseph repeatedly violated the order of protection. He broke into her home by punching through a window. He threw a motorcycle helmet at her and smashed her phone after she called the police. He brandished a knife and threatened to kill her with it. He visited her workplace. Police received notification of the violations but Joseph was never charged. Ashley's story is devastating and, unfortunately, not unique. Domestic violence homicides in Arizona are, to a significant degree, a problem of gun violence. According to an Everytown for Gun Safety analysis of the last five years of FBI data, 62 percent of women killed by intimate partners in Arizona were shot to death. All told, the rate of intimate partner gun homicides in Arizona is 45 percent higher than the national average. To better assess the dynamics of domestic violence gun homicides in Arizona, Everytown collaborated with the Arizona Coalition to End Sexual and Domestic Violence (ACESDV) to closely examine intimate partner gun homicides in Arizona between 2009-2013. This research-the first and most comprehensive of its kind for the state-yielded the following findings: In total, Everytown identified 105 homicides in Arizona between 2009-2013 in which someone was murdered with a firearm by a current or former intimate partner. In 89 percent of the cases, the victim was a woman. Perpetrators also shot 32 other victims - neighbors, friends, family members, and children - killing 25 of them, 11 of whom were children. There were ample indications that the perpetrators posed a risk to their partners. One in seven shooters (13 percent) was prohibited from possessing firearms due to their criminal history or an active order of protection. Furthermore 41 percent of the shooters had a previous arrest or conviction or had been under an order of protection at one time. Offenders under an active order of protection were rarely required to turn in their firearms. A person under an active order of protection is prohibited from possessing firearms under federal law,11 but of the perpetrators identified in this census that were under an active order of protection, only one in six has been affirmatively required to turn in their firearms. The shootings occurred across the state but, controlling for population, the domestic violence gun homicide rate in Coconino, Mohave, and Yavapai counties is more than double that of the state as a whole. Firearms were used far more frequently to murder an intimate partner than to kill an abuser in self-defense. Out of 105 incidents, only one perpetrator claiming to have used the firearm in self-defense had that claim upheld by a court. In at least four additional incidents, the victim had purchased a gun for self-defense prior to the incident but was not able to use it or worse, had it used against them. The incidents documented in this report, and the data drawn from them, vividly illustrate that Arizona needs an improved approach to addressing the threat gun violence poses for victims of domestic violence. Details: New York: Everytown For Gun Safety, 2015. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 28, 2018 at: http://archive.azcentral.com/persistent/icimages/news/Everytown-AZDV%20Report_0504_vFINAL-web%20(4).pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://archive.azcentral.com/persistent/icimages/news/Everytown-AZDV%20Report_0504_vFINAL-web%20(4).pdf Shelf Number: 149295 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gun Control Policy Gun Violence Gun-Related Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders

Author: Buller, Ana Maria Title: A Mixed-Method Review of Cash Transfers and Intimate Partner Violence in Low and Middle-Income Countries Summary: There is increasing evidence that cash transfer (CT) programs decrease intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about how CTs achieve this impact. We conducted a mixed method review of studies in low- and middle-income countries. Fourteen quantitative and nine qualitative studies met our inclusion criteria, of which eleven and six respectively demonstrated evidence that CTs decrease IPV. We found little support for increases in IPV, with only two studies showing overall mixed or adverse impacts. Drawing on these studies, as well as related bodies of evidence, we developed a program theory proposing three pathways through which CT could impact IPV: 1) Economic security and emotional wellbeing, 2) intra-household conflict, and 3) women's empowerment. The economic security and wellbeing pathway hypothesizes decreases in IPV, while the other two pathways have ambiguous effects depending on program design features and behavioural responses to program components. Future studies should improve IPV measurement, empirical analysis of program mechanisms, and fill regional gaps. Program framing and complementary activities, including those with the ability to shift intra-household power relations are likely to be important design features for understanding how to maximize and leverage the impact of CTs for reducing IPV, and mitigating potential adverse impacts. Details: Florence: UNICEF Office of Research, 2018. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: nnocenti Working Papers no. 2018-02, Accessed March 16, 2018 at: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/CT%20%20IPV_Review_Innocenti%20WP%202018-02.pdf Year: 2018 Country: International URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/CT%20%20IPV_Review_Innocenti%20WP%202018-02.pdf Shelf Number: 149489 Keywords: Cash Transfers Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Backbone Collective Title: Seen and not Heard: Children in the New Zealand Family Court. Part One - Force Summary: Six months ago, Backbone released a report about how women who have experienced violence and abuse in their relationships are treated by the New Zealand Family Court. Our concluding remarks in that report were: 'With over 500 women saying that the New Zealand Family Court makes them and their children less safe, leaves them with multiple crippling health conditions and prevents them from rebuilding their lives (and those of their children) - surely those in authority will listen now?' Since then Backbone has made repeated calls for the establishment of a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Family Court. But sadly, those in authority haven't listened - or if they listened they took no action. We hoped that in writing and releasing the first report the Family Court would be open to the service user feedback we were providing. However, we fear that there has been backlash for some women as they have spoken out about dangerous practices happening in their own cases. Backbone decided to conduct another survey on the Family Court - this time to find out how the Family Court responds to children when they and their mothers have experienced violence and abuse. Through this latest survey we have collected a rich and powerful set of data that is deeply troubling. What we discovered is that children fare very poorly when the Family Court is involved in their lives. Many mothers go to the Family Court for protection upon leaving an abusive partner, some get taken to the Family Court by the abuser, and some are involved in CYFs/MVCOT proceedings. Regardless of their pathway into the court we can now see that the impact on their children is overwhelmingly negative. Not only are the survey results cause for grave concern, but they take the system failures that we identified in our first Family Court report to a whole new level. All of the children in the survey have experienced violence and abuse - by seeing, hearing or knowing about the abuse of their mothers and/or by also being directly physically, sexually and/or psychologically abused. In 95% of cases the abuser was the child/ren's father. We were told about a complex array of trauma these children had suffered from the violence and abuse prior to separation. We were told about the many fears the children had about having contact with their abusive father post separation - with good justification based on the ranges of things mothers described happening at his house. In more than half the cases either the children or their mother told professionals working in the Family Court about the worries they had at the abuser's house but in the majority of cases those worries were not reported accurately to the Court or taken into consideration when care and contact orders were made. Most children are ordered into unsupervised care and contact with the abuser but the range of care arrangements is vast. However, of incredible significance is that when we compared how much time the Family Court is ordering children into care and contact with abusers against how much time the children say they WANT to spend with him - there is a big difference. Children want control over how much time they spend with the abuser and many want no contact at all. We were told that 54% of the children are being forced into care and contact arrangements that they do not want. These 'forced' children are significantly more worried about what happens at the abuser's house (sexual, physical and psychological safety issues) than children who were not forced. Similarly, we looked at the children who refused to attend care and contact visits with their abusive father - they had almost the same levels of worry as the 'forced' children. Therefore, the million-dollar question is why would the Family Court order/force children into the care of abusers with a known history of violence and abuse, when the children are scared of them and have told professionals working in the court that they feel unsafe when alone in the care of their abusive father? It appears that the Family Court is making care and contact orders in the absence of best practice in violence and abuse cases. For example, only 2.2% of mothers told us a risk assessment to determine the risk of dangerousness and lethality had been undertaken in their case. To be making care and contact orders for children who have experienced violence and abuse without any evidence based risk assessment is clear evidence of system failure - the Family Court is out of step with international best practice and the New Zealand Government's position on this: 'The government is committed to reducing family violence, keeping victims safe, and managing perpetrators more effectively so all New Zealanders can live free from violence. We know that identifying risk, intervening earlier and in a more coordinated way is critical to achieving this.'2 In the absence of any risk assessment the Family Court is characterising mothers who raise genuine safety concerns for their children as 'parental alienators'. Both this and our earlier Family Court survey found that professionals in the Family Court use 'parental alienation' or similar terms in nearly half of all cases. Children are not being believed about their experiences of violence an abuse, evidence of it occurring is being disregarded in the court and mothers are being blamed for their children's fears for their safety. Unfortunately, in many cases, the care and contact orders result in terrible health impacts for these children. We were told about a range of health impacts mothers attribute to Family Court proceedings and orders, including physical, psychological, social and behavioural impacts. The list of health impacts mothers detailed are heartbreaking. We found that the health of children of Māori mothers is impacted worse in some areas and this definitely requires further investigation. Backbone also found that the Family Court deems only a very small percentage of abusive men as unsafe to have contact with their children (or step children). Men who are most likely to be designated 'unsafe' by the Family Court are men with a Protection Order against this partner or a previous or subsequent partner, who have been charged with assaulting their child/ren physically or sexually or where the abuser was a step-father. For most of the 63 children involved in these cases the Family Court has ordered that they have no contact at all with the abuser, although some have supervised contact. Surprisingly we found that even though the fathers/step fathers of these 63 children are clearly very dangerous and these children have been exposed to some serious violence and abuse before their parents separated, once they separated and when protected appropriately by the Family Court, these children appear to have had far fewer damaging health impacts that those children whose abusive father was deemed as being 'safe' by the Family Court. Backbone is firmly of the view that the New Zealand Family Court is acting contrary to the legislation which should guide the way we respond to children. The Care of Children Act 2004 says that children MUST be protected from violence. Why then are hundreds of children being ordered by the Family Court directly into violent situations? These children are suffering at the hands of a largely tax payer funded system. These children are being ordered into dangerous situations by the very agencies and institutions that have been set up and funded by the state to protect them. New Zealand now has a new Government and Backbone's 1100 members hope they will see that constitutionally a Royal Commission of Inquiry is the only mechanism that can safely, effectively and fully investigate the practices of the Family Court. There is simply too much to lose by remaining silent on the issue of child safety in New Zealand. We rank the worst in the Western World in terms of violence against women statistics and child abuse and neglect. If we don't start improving the way we respond to these social problems we will only compound the damage done. Details: s.l.: The Collective, 2017. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 20, 2018 at:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/5a3171c59140b743f5abbe36/1513189837189/Seen+and+not+Heard+Children+in+the+Family+Court+%281%29.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/5a3171c59140b743f5abbe36/1513189837189/Seen+and+not+Heard+Children+in+the+Family+Court+%281%29.pdf Shelf Number: 149531 Keywords: Child Protection Children Exposed to Violence Domestic Violence Family Courts Family Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Azpuru, Dinorah Title: Approval of Violence towards Women and Children in Guatemala Summary: Main Findings: - Ranking highest in the region on tolerance for domestic violence, 58% of Guatemalans indicate that to some degree (either approving or "understanding") they condone a husband hitting an unfaithful wife - There are no gender differences with regard to approving of or rejecting violence towards an unfaithful wife - Less than 5% of Guatemalans believe that physical punishment should always or very frequently be used against children who disobey their parents. Nonetheless, 40.5% consider that such punishment is sometimes necessary, while 27.3% believe that it is almost never necessary - Approximately 15% of Guatemalans report that their parents frequently resorted to physical punishment while 41.7% indicate that they suffered such forms of punishment sometimes Details: Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University, 2015. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: AmericasBarometer Insights: 2015 Number 123: Accessed March 20, 2018 at: https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/IO923en.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Guatemala URL: https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/IO923en.pdf Shelf Number: 149539 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against women, Girls

Author: Robinson, Amanda Title: Establishing the efficacy of a telephone-based police response to domestic violence: Hampshire Constabulary's Resolution Centre. [Technical Report]. Summary: Capitalising on a natural experiment in Hampshire Constabulary, this research utilised police officially recorded data to directly compare a sample of grade-3 domestic abuse incidents that received a telephone-based response from the force's Resolution Centre to a similar sample of incidents dealt with by the same force one year later that received the standard provision of 'slow time' deployment. A clear pattern of findings emerged, which taken together demonstrate the efficacy of providing a telephone-based response to certain types of domestic abuse incidents. Specifically, a detailed and formalised operations protocol has been embedded into the work of the Resolution Centre and all evidence suggests this is leading to a higher quality response overall to grade-3 domestics. The initial response provided by the Resolution Centre results in more crimes being recorded and more investigations that result in formal police action. The practice of risk assessment appears to be more comprehensive and detailed, generating a higher number of disclosures and more cases classified as 'medium' and 'high' risk. Due to the robust methodological approach of the research, these positive findings can be directly attributed to the setting where the police work was performed, rather than any differences in case characteristics. Details: Cardiff: Cardiff University, 2017. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107133/1/Robinson%20%282017%29%20Hampshire%20Resolution%20Centre_Final%20Report.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107133/1/Robinson%20%282017%29%20Hampshire%20Resolution%20Centre_Final%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 151664 Keywords: Domestic Abuse Domestic Violence Family Violence Police Policies and Procedures Police Response Risk Assessment

Author: Backbone Collective Title: Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire: Women's experiences of the New Zealand Family Court Summary: The report, Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire (2017), is based on an online survey of 612 women who had experienced violence and abuse. 496 of those women had used the Family Court. The report notes that the Family Court is a critical part of the response system that women may rely on for protection and further safety following separation from an abusive partner. However the report states, "The women who participated in this survey reported serious negative outcomes from being involved with the New Zealand Family Court. ... Women told us that the Family Court actively undermined their and their children's safety in a multitude of ways. They described the Family Court as somewhere where their experience of violence and abuse was not believed, was minimized and not responded to, where their abuser was seen as safe and any risk to them and their children was neither assessed nor considered. Some women talked about experiencing discrimination and Māori women reported racism. Women went to the Family Court often seeking protection for themselves and their children but once their found that their children were not listened to and were subsequently placed in unsafe situations. Women told us of being wrongly accused of a range of things that impacted negatively on decisions being made about them and their children's lives." Key findings of this Family Court survey include: Wāhine Māori experienced racism and found that cultural beliefs and practices are not comprehended in the Family Court. 417 women said their experience of violence and abuse was not believed or responded to, was minimised, or was not accepted into evidence. 83% of women said the Family Court treated their abuser as safe. 58% of women attending Family Court-related appointments, fixtures, or hearings have been threatened, intimidated, or physically assaulted by their abuser. 93% of women do not feel psychologically or physically safe when the Family Court forces or coerces them into joint activities with their abuser. 155 women said the Family Court had forced their child/ren to spend time with the abuser. All of these women were worried about their child's safety while in the abuser's care. 107 women have been denied a support person in court or mediation. 120 women have been ordered by the Family Court not to talk to their child about the violence and abuse - thereby forcing women and children to pretend their trauma does not exist. 84 women have been ordered by the Family Court not to talk to others about what is happening to them in the Family Court. 50% of the 'gagging orders' against women were initiated by the Judge or the Lawyer for Child. 93% of women have suffered negative health impacts because of how they have been treated during Family Court proceedings. 9% of women have been involved in Family Court proceedings for between 7 and 22 years. Women are up to $500,000 in debt due to having to fund their Family Court proceedings. Given the consistent and "overwhelmingly negative feedback" from so many women, the Backbone Collective is calling for a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Family Court. The authors state: "A Royal Commission of Inquiry is the only forum where the women and their families or whanau would feel sufficiently safe to tell their stories, where witnesses with specialist insights into the workings of the Family Court could share their views in confidence and where all their court documents (transcripts, reports, minutes and orders) and procedures can be independently reviewed." The report notes that the overall purpose of the Backbone Collective is to enable women to safely tell the Government, the media, and the public about how the 'system' responded to them when they experienced violence and abuse, and how they need it to respond in order to be safe and rebuild their lives. Details: s.l.: The Collective, 2017. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed March 27, 2018 at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/59386e6a15d5db8350f9157f/1496870522432/Family+Violence+Survey+report+080617+-+embargoed+until+1am+Thursday+%281%29.pdf Year: 2017 Country: New Zealand URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d898ef8419c2ef50f63405/t/59386e6a15d5db8350f9157f/1496870522432/Family+Violence+Survey+report+080617+-+embargoed+until+1am+Thursday+%281%29.pdf Shelf Number: 149582 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Court Family Violence Gender-Based Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Foundation for Alcohol Research Education Title: Policy options paper: Preventing alcohol-related family and domestic violence Summary: Family and domestic violence (FDV) often occurs in the home, where one should feel safest, perpetrated by a loved one, with whom one should feel safest. It is sometimes a one off event but is often a pattern of behaviour characterised by one person exerting power and control over another in the context of an intimate partnership or within a family situation. FDV may persist for years and sometimes involves multiple forms of abuse. In Australia at least one woman dies each week at the hands of her partner or ex-partner2 and a significant number of children die as a result of abuse and neglect, although exact figures are not known.3 FDV can happen to anyone regardless of gender, sexuality, class, culture or family type. Some communities are more likely to experience FDV and may find it difficult to access mainstream support that meets their needs. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) people and families; women with a disability; and older and young women, all face significant barriers to identifying FDV, seeking help and accessing culturally appropriate support. The impacts of FDV include complex trauma, physical injuries, poor mental health and the development of behaviours that are harmful to health such as alcohol misuse.4 These impacts are cumulative, with the frequency and severity of abuse being associated with greater physical and mental health impacts on the victim.5 The impacts of trauma may also persist long after the abuse has stopped.6 The effects of violence and abuse also go beyond those directly involved. Witnesses are often traumatised. In many cases it is children who witness these events. This sometimes results in children themselves growing up to use violence. They are also more likely to experience domestic violence themselves. These children can also grow up to experience alcohol and other drug issues in their lives.7 FDV impacts on children whether or not they witness it. It is more difficult to estimate the impacts of FDV on other family members and communities, but again there is significant evidence to suggest that FDV has widespread immediate and intergenerational consequences. FDV, and particularly violence between intimate partners, is not a gender neutral issue. Domestic violence is overwhelmingly perpetrated by men against women.8 This is due to the unequal power dynamics between women and men, the gendered distribution of resources, and an "adherence to rigidly defined gender roles expressed institutionally, culturally, organisationally and individually."9 Child maltreatment is also more likely to be perpetrated by males than females.10 The interplay between alcohol and FDV is complex. Alcohol is a contributing factor to FDV, increasing both the likelihood of violence occurring and the severity of harms.11 Alcohol misuse can cause or exacerbate relationship stressors thereby increasing the probability of violence. Alcohol use can be both a consequence to and precursor of relationship stress and violence. Alcohol use also affects cognitive functioning and physical functioning, 12 affecting the likelihood of perpetration, and making those who are impacted by FDV more vulnerable. Some perpetrators of violence may try to blame the misuse of alcohol and/or drugs or use intoxication as an excuse. This is not the case. Alcohol use and intoxication are never an excuse for violence. Victims may use alcohol as a coping mechanism for dealing with trauma and pain. There are also intergenerational impacts, with children who witness domestic violence being more likely to have problems with alcohol later in life.13 Alcohol is involved in a significant proportion of reported domestic violence and child protection incidents. In 2010-11 there were 29,684 reported incidents of alcohol-related domestic violence to police across four Australian states; Victoria, New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA) and the Northern Territory (NT).14 Due to challenges with data collection across all jurisdictions, as well as under-reporting of these crimes, these figures are likely to be significant underestimates. This equates to approximately half of domestic assaults reported to police involving alcohol. In addition, a carer's alcohol use is a factor for 10,166 children in the child protection system.15 Australia is committed to addressing FDV by being a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Declaration to End Violence Against Women and the Beijing Declaration. 16 The association between alcohol and FDV has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO), which has identified action on alcohol misuse as one of several strategies to reduce violence against women and children. 17 , 18 There is also recognition of the association between alcohol and FDV by Australian Governments. National, as well as some state and territory, strategies and frameworks have acknowledged the role of alcohol in FDV and have recognised the need to address alcohol as part of an overall strategy to reduce FDV. However, to date, there has been a lack of coordinated action to bring these strategies together to produce effective policies and programs. This Policy Options Paper draws on the following principles based on the literature of what is known about alcohol-related FDV in Australia and internationally. These principles are: x The consumption of alcohol is never an excuse for violence. x Policies that address gender inequalities and alcohol misuse are critical to reducing FDV. x The WHO socio-ecological model acknowledges that no single factor explains why people engage in violence, instead there are multiple factors, at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels. Responses to FDV need to be targeted at all levels. x No single response is likely to reduce alcohol-related FDV. Australia needs a comprehensive and coordinated approach to address alcohol-related FDV, as part of an overall strategy to reduce violence against women and children. x A public health approach is needed to reduce alcohol-related FDV, with a focus on prevention across the spectrum, including primordial prevention, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Details: Deakin, ACT: FARE, 2015. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 3, 2018 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/FARE-Policy-Options-Paper-Preventing-alcohol-related-FDV.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/research/FARE-Policy-Options-Paper-Preventing-alcohol-related-FDV.pdf Shelf Number: 149661 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Public Health Approach Violence Prevention

Author: Orr, Elizabeth Title: Evidence to Action & Local Action as Evidence: Findings from the Building Safe Communities for Women and their Children Action Research Support Initiative. Summary: Domestic and family violence and sexual assault perpetrated against women and their children is prevalent, serious, and preventable. In Australia, approximately one in four (2.2 million) women has experienced some form of violence by an intimate partner since the age of 15, compared to one in 13 men. Approximately one in six women in Australia has been subjected to physical or sexual violence by a current or former partner (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). The social, health, and economic costs of violence against women and their children are huge. For women in Australia aged 18-44, intimate partner violence contributes more to their health burden than any other risk factor, including alcohol use, tobacco use, or high cholesterol (Webster, 2016). Preventing and stopping violence against women and their children is a national priority that requires whole-of-community action. The Australian government's Department of Social Services (DSS) provided one-off grants of up to $150,000 to community-based projects led by a range of organisations across Australia, as part of the Building Safe Communities for Women and their Children (BSCW) initiative. The BSCW grants program aimed to reduce violence against women and their children by supporting community-led projects that are responsive to the specific needs of the women, children, and families in those communities. The ANROWS Action Research Support Initiative supported the BSCW projects to reflect and document their learning and share them with ANROW to collate and synthesise the successes, challenges, gaps, and opportunities in working to build safe communities across Australia. This report provides an overview of the key findings from both the individual BSCW projects and the synthesised findings of the ANROWS Action Research Support Initiative. The intention of the report is to share findings in an accessible way that will encourage community-based practitioners and organisations to implement further local initiatives to address violence against women and their children. Details: Sydney: ANROWS, 2018. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 6, 2018 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/ANROWS%20Action%20Research%20Support%20Initiative%20Report.2.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/ANROWS%20Action%20Research%20Support%20Initiative%20Report.2.pdf Shelf Number: 149725 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women, Children Violence Prevention

Author: Miles, Glen Title: Stop Violence Against Us! A preliminary national research study into the prevalence & perceptions of Cambodian children to violence against children in Cambodia Summary: Violence against children is perhaps the greatest of the evils that mankind can commit. Children offer the world hope. Our investment in their lives produces long-term fruit that can break cycles of violence and poverty. This study reveals the sad reality that children in Cambodia have come to accept unacceptable levels of violence in their families and schools. The children's own voices paint a terrible picture of acquiescence to adult violence. They face a daily reality where physical punishment and sexual violence is the norm and to be expected. Without serious attention being paid to this situation, today's children can become the violent offenders of tomorrow. Cultural practices that violate a child's right to safety and protection from abuse are difficult to address. This study clearly shows the validity of listening to children's views. In Khmer culture, children do not commonly speak out. They play an important but silent role in the family and community. But their silence does not condone the violence that they experience and witness. The children show not only remarkable resilience in coping with such abuse, but contribute practical suggestions as to how to deal with it. Their ideas should be given due weight and respect. Tearfund is committed to listening to children and enabling them to play a meaningful role in our development work. Children are not only the ones who know the most about their lives, but also are the building blocks for sustainable, just and equitable development in their communities and society. This research is part of our commitment to ensuring a child's right to participate, as well as recognising that families, communities and governments play a vital role in protecting and nurturing children. The research reveals that Cambodian children still have faith in adults to address the violence that is perpetrated against them. That faith can be fulfilled if their concerns are taken up by all of us who work to improve children's well being. Should we fail in this call, nations such as Cambodia will continually struggle to build a strong civil society where violence is a mere historical footnote. Details: Phnom Penh: Tearfund - Children at Risk Office, 2005. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 20, 2018 at: http://tagv.mohw.gov.tw/TAGVResources/upload/Resources/2014/10/Stop%20Violence%20against%20Us!%20Summary%20Report%201.pdf Year: 2005 Country: Cambodia URL: http://tagv.mohw.gov.tw/TAGVResources/upload/Resources/2014/10/Stop%20Violence%20against%20Us!%20Summary%20Report%201.pdf Shelf Number: 117345 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Sexual Abuse Children and Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence

Author: Chung, Donna Title: Preventing sexual violence against young women from African backgrounds Summary: Young women report the highest rates of sexual coercion and violence; however, little is known about the experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse young women in Australia. This exploratory study investigated the understanding and experiences of sexual coercion and violence by young women from African refugee and migrant backgrounds. It is a response to reports by service providers of increasing numbers of young African women accessing unplanned pregnancy and relationship services, and concerns about domestic violence and relationship breakdown. For some of these young women pregnancy has led to family and community conflict, resulting in cultural and social isolation. In order to gain an understanding of the extent of concern about sexual coercion and assault and to document emerging agency responses to the issues, the study involved gathering data from young women from African backgrounds and a wide range of agencies in two Australian states. The research identified factors that allowed young women to disclose sexual violence and access support, or those factors preventing them from doing so. The paper's recommendations centre on improving policy, practice, professional development and training to better respond to sexual violence experienced by young adult women from African refugee or migrant backgrounds. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 540: Accessed April 16, 2018 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi540 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi540 Shelf Number: 149806 Keywords: African Women Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Migrants Refugees Sexual Coercion Sexual Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Human Rights Watch Title: "One Day I"ll Kill You": Impunity in Domestic Violence Cases in the Brazilian State of Roraima Summary: Roraima is the deadliest state for women and girls in Brazil. Killings of women reached 11.4 homicides per100,000 women in 2015, more than double the national average. Studies in Brazil and worldwide estimate a large percentage of women are killed by partners or former partners. "One Day I'll Kill You" draws on documentation of 31 cases of domestic violence in Roraima and on interviews with victims, police, and justice officials. Women in Roraima often suffer abuse for years before they report it to the police. When they do, the government's response is grossly inadequate. Military police do not respond to all emergency calls from women who say are experiencing domestic violence. Some civil police officers refuse to register domestic violence complaints or request protection orders. Instead, they directvictims to the single "women's police station" in the state-which specializes in crimes against women- even at times when that station is closed. No police station in the state has private rooms to take victims' statements, and not a single civil police officer receives training on how to handle domestic violence cases. In Boa Vista, the state capital, police have failed to do investigative work on a backlog of 8,400 domestic violence complaints. Most cases languish for years until they are eventually closed because the statute of limitations on the crime expires-without any prosecution. The serious problems in Roraima reflect nationwide failures. Authorities need to reduce barriers for women to access the police and ensure that domestic violence cases are properly documented, investigated, and prosecuted. Details: New York: HRW, 2017. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2018 at: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/brazil0617_web.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Brazil URL: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/brazil0617_web.pdf Shelf Number: 149843 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Homicides Intimate Partner Violence Protection Orders Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Great Britain. HM Government Title: Together We Can End Violence Against Women and Girls: A Strategy Summary: 1. Addressing violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a challenge for us all. It remains a key barrier to realising our vision of a society in which women and girls feel safe and confident in their homes and communities. The 'snapshot' data we have from individual studies reveals a shocking picture. In overall terms, around half of all women and girls in England and Wales could recall being victims of violence over their lifetime. - Nearly 1 million women experience at least one incident of domestic abuse each year (British Crime Survey (BCS) self-completion questionnaire, 2007/08). - Close to 10,000 women are sexually assaulted every week (BCS self-completion questionnaire, July 2008). - At least 750,000 children a year witness domestic violence (Department of Health, 2002). 2. VAWG has a significant impact on the criminal justice system (CJS) although many cases never reach the CJS. The effects of VAWG go far wider than the criminal justice consequences, impacting on a wide range of other areas including health, children's services, education and housing. All government departments and local agencies therefore have a role to play. 3. A number of initiatives over the last decade have made a real difference, but many of these have focused only on specific offences. These distinctions can create artificial barriers. For example many women suffer both domestic and sexual abuse in the same relationship. Although the Government has published a number of separate plans in recent years for dealing with different problems, so far these have not been brought together in one place. 4. What is needed therefore is a co-ordinated approach to combating all forms of VAWG. This strategy represents our integrated approach to tackling this problem and supporting its victims across the three key areas of prevention, provision and protection. Details: London: HM Government, 2009. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 17, 2018 at: http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b13a3472.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4b13a3472.pdf Shelf Number: 117121 Keywords: Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Violence Against Women, Girls Violence Prevention

Author: Arkow, Phil Title: A Link Across the Lifespan: Animal Abuse as a Marker for Traumatic Experiences in Child Abuse, Domestic Violence and Elder Abuse Summary: Until relatively recently, health and social services professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the general public considered animal cruelty as a stand-alone issue, important to animals' well-being but of only marginal significance to individual and community health and safety. This marginalization, based upon cultural themes that animals are merely property, that animal abuse is a normal occurrence among children and adolescents, and that human welfare priorities supersede animals' interests, is somewhat ironic. Other themes deeply embedded in Western philosophy express concern that children who abuse animals may grow up to exhibit escalating and dangerous interpersonal violence and antisocial behaviors. Meanwhile, the child protection movement originated in the animal protection field: the first child abuse cases were prosecuted by societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals and many humane societies had dual roles in child and animal protection for many decades. This paradigm is rapidly shifting today as recent programs, policy, public awareness and research resoundingly redefine animal cruelty and its various manifestations - abuse, neglect, animal hoarding, and animal fighting - as a form of family and community violence. Animal abuse is not only a crime in itself but also often serves as a bellwether, a marker and a predictor of child maltreatment, domestic violence and elder abuse. Details: Shakopee, MN: Academy on Violence and Abuse, 2015. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 18, 2018 at: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/AVA-Link-Across-the-Lifespan.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/AVA-Link-Across-the-Lifespan.pdf Shelf Number: 149845 Keywords: Animal Abuse Animal Cruelty Child Abuse and Neglect Child Protection Domestic Violence Elder Abuse Family Violence

Author: Maher, Janemaree Title: Women, disability and violence: Barriers to accessing justice: Final Report Summary: This project, Women, disability and violence: Creating access to justice, draws on the insights of 36 women living in New South Wales and Victoria who outlined their experiences of seeking justice and security in the context of violence that they had experienced. As part of their commitment to policy relevant empirically grounded research, Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) commissioned this research. The project was led by researchers from Monash University and People with Disability Australia, hereafter PWDA (representing Disabled People's Organisations Australia, hereafter DPOA). This research examines how these women worked to seek redress or support and the pathways and obstacles they encountered. This data has been augmented by interviews with 18 service providers from NSW and Victoria working in disability support services and advocacy organisations, domestic and family violence support services, and legal services. This is a qualitative project which limits generalisability: the aim here is to analyse the experiences these specific women have shared and work to identify patterns that emerge. Violence in the context of this project was understood to include physical and sexual violence as well as other forms of abuse such as coercive control, emotional abuse, financial abuse, and physical and social isolation. The majority of the cases captured in this report were instances of domestic and family violence defined broadly as violence occurring within a familial or caring context. It included sexual and physical assaults in a range of social and living environments. In addition, violence was understood to take particular forms such as withholding required medications or aids, limiting access to disability services and/or mainstream service providers and threats related to women's mothering and care-giving roles. Violence that violated women's sexual and reproductive autonomy, including forced or coerced sterilisation was also commonly reported. Avenues to seek desired justice, which may include prevention of future violence, everyday security and safety, and consequences for the perpetrators of violence are complex, as justice services and pathways may not effectively support the access of women with disability. This report reiterates findings that already exist in the public domain. As the context review makes clear, these issues of Executive summary violence and access to justice have been the focus of multiple reviews and interventions within Australia in the last five years. The question of legal capacity for women with disability is still unaddressed. As the Australian Human Rights Commission outlines (AHRC) (2014), all jurisdictions should have a disability strategy underpinned by a national Disability Justice Strategy. Implementation of this strategy should be guided by the following principles: 1. Safety of people with disability and freedom from violence. 2. Effective access to justice for people with disabilities. 3. Non-discrimination. 4. Respect for inherent dignity and individual autonomy including the freedom to make one's own decisions. 5. Full and effective participation and inclusion in the community. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2018. 92p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 27, 2018 at: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Maher%20et%20al%20Horizons%20Research%20Report.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://d2c0ikyv46o3b1.cloudfront.net/anrows.org.au/Maher%20et%20al%20Horizons%20Research%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 149921 Keywords: Disabled Persons Domestic Violence Family Violence People with Disabilities Violence Against Women

Author: Chung, Donna Title: Young Women from African Backgrounds and Sexual Violence Summary: Service providers have recently reported increasing numbers of young African women accessing unplanned pregnancy and relationship services, with related concerns about domestic violence. This research explores how young women, aged 18 to 25 years, from African refugee and migrant backgrounds understand and experience sexual coercion and violence, and how service providers respond to their needs. The study drew on an online survey of service providers, individual and group interviews with young women from African backgrounds, and focus groups with service providers. The researchers faced challenges due to the sensitive nature of the topic of sexual violence and the silence that surrounds it, but achieved interviews and focus groups involved 21 young women. They found no agreement among the young women about what constitutes sexual violence, which was mostly defined in terms of stranger rape. Concerns about community judgement and exclusion, arising from stigma associated with sexual violence and the myths, beliefs and attitudes surrounding it created barriers for young women from African backgrounds speaking about men's sexualised behaviour. These barriers were compounded by other barriers such as language, transport, caring responsibilities, work/study commitments and other settlement issues. Service providers' input to the study highlighted the need for future service efforts being directed towards education and awareness raising, using culturally appropriate methods and sites. There is a need for increased cultural sensitivity and responsiveness of organisational and worker practices to improve their capability of working with young people from African backgrounds, together with specialist sexual violence responses for younger women in their early teens. Details: Canberra: Criminology Research Advisory Council. 2018. 47p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 30, 2018 at: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1718/07-1213-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: http://crg.aic.gov.au/reports/1718/07-1213-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 149969 Keywords: African Women Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Migrants Refugees Sexual Coercion Sexual Violence Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Gruber, Aya Title: Equal Protection Under the Carceral State Summary: McCleskey v. Kemp, the case that upheld the death penalty despite undeniable evidence of its racially disparate impact, is indelibly marked by Justice William Brennan's phrase, "a fear of too much justice." The popular interpretation of this phrase is that the Supreme Court harbored what I call a "disparity-claim fear," dreading a future docket of racial discrimination claims and erecting an impossibly high bar for proving an equal protection violation. A related interpretation is that the majority had a "color-consciousness fear" of remedying discrimination through raceremedial policies. This Essay argues that the primary anxiety exhibited by the McCleskey majority was a "leniency fear" of death penalty abolition. Opinion author Justice Lewis Powell made clear his view that execution was the appropriate punishment for McCleskey's crime and expressed worry that McCleskey's victory would open the door to challenges of criminal sentences more generally. Understanding that the Court's primary political sensitivity was to state penal authority, not racial hierarchy, complicates the progressive sentiment that McCleskey's call-to-action is securing equality of punishment. Derrick Bell's "interest convergence" theory predicts that even conservatives with an aversion to robust equal protection law will accept racial-disparity evidence when in the service of crime-control values. Indeed, Justice Powell may have been more sanguine about McCleskey's discrimination claim had mandatory capital punishment been an option. This Essay cautions that, outside of the death penalty context, courts and lawmakers can address perceived punishment disparities through "level-up" remedies, such as mandatory minimum sentences or abolishing diversion (which is said to favor white defendants). It analyzes examples of convergence between antidiscrimination and prosecutorial interests, including mandatory sentencing guidelines, aggressive domestic violence policing and prosecution, and the movement to abolish Stand-Your-Ground laws. Details: Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Law School, 2018. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 30, 2018 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3179707 Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3179707 Shelf Number: 150388 Keywords: Capital Punishment Death Penalty Domestic Violence Racial Disparities Sentencing Sentencing Guidelines Stand Your Ground Laws

Author: Hackett, Simon Title: Animal abuse and child maltreatment: A review of the literature and findings from a UK study Summary: Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in the UK about the co-existence of child maltreatment and animal cruelty across family life. This interest has manifested itself in relation to individual practitioner reports of animal abuse in families where children are harmed, as well as in broader concerns that the systems and policies in the UK intended to safeguard animals and children remain largely separate entities. Some momentum has been created in seeking to bring these issues into the consciousness of child and animal welfare professionals. In February 2001, the NSPCC and the RSPCA co-sponsored a conference entitled "Making the Links", which brought together child and animal welfare professionals to discuss and debate a range of issues associated with both child maltreatment and animal abuse. In December of the same year, the NSPCC held a second conference on this theme entitled "Forging the Links", which sought to further these debates. At both conferences, visiting experts from the USA presented aspects of their research and experiences in North America highlighting the importance of ensuring that the co-existence of these issues is taken seriously both at a practice and a policy level. As a direct consequence of these conferences, the NSPCC has convened from 2002 the multi-agency Links Group, which has involved representatives from key child protection and animal welfare organisations in an ongoing process of dialogue and work. Its aims, as described by Becker and French, are to: - raise awareness of the links between child abuse, animal abuse and domestic violence - consider the changes needed in policy and practice o develop working relationships between member agencies and other agencies - share and disseminate information about the subject, and promote evidence-informed practice. Details: London: NSPCC, 2007. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2018 at: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/NSPCC-Review.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://nationallinkcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/NSPCC-Review.pdf Shelf Number: 107825 Keywords: Animal Abuse Animal Cruelty Child Abuse and Neglect Child Maltreatment Domestic Violence

Author: Breckenridge, Jan Title: National mapping and meta-evaluation outlining key features of effective "safe at home" programs that enhance safety and prevent homelessness for women and their children who have experienced domestic and family violence: State of knowledge pape Summary: History and development of "safe at home" programs - Domestic violence refuges - Domestic violence was not recognised in policy or as a professional practice issue in Australia until the second wave of feminism in the 1970s (Breckenridge & Laing, 1999). In 1972, as part of an orchestrated social action campaign, feminist activists squatted in empty properties and established the first women's refuge in Glebe, New South Wales. Activist engagement with government directly led to the Commonwealth Labor Government providing initial funding for women's refuges (Breckenridge, 1992). Activist initiatives such as this subsequently proliferated in all Australian States and Territories. These activities were fuelled by dual intentions: highlighting the impacts of domestic violence to create enough political pressure to end it; and providing women with an option to leave a violent partner by providing refuge accommodation in the short term (McFerran, 2007, p. 29). This initial focus on securing and expanding the availability of refuge accommodation had the unintended consequence of the removal of women and children from the family home becoming "normalised" and accepted as the primary response to domestic violence. In the face of no other alternatives, this was regarded for some time as the most effective means to ensure women's safety (Edwards, 2004; Jones et al., 2010; Spinney & Blandy, 2011). The refuge model is a suitable option for some women escaping violence when the perpetrator and/or his supporters are not incarcerated and are highly likely to engage in further and escalating violence. Refuges provide other benefits - for example, the communal living model promotes self-esteem and empowerment via shared experience and mutual support (Murray, 2008, p. 69). However, another contributing factor to the impetus for change was the growing recognition by health and welfare professionals more generally that leaving the family home frequently results in temporary or long-term homelessness, as well as economic and social disadvantage and ongoing disruption to victims' lives (Desmond, 2011). Post separation difficulties such as these can result in some women returning to their violent partner in order to escape homelessness, survive financially and better provide for their children (Braaf & Barrett Meyering, 2011; Desmond, 2011). Beginnings of "safe at home" For over 20 years, high security refuges remained the primary response until the mid to late 1990s when advocacy groups and researchers proposed the option that women and children remain safely in their home while the perpetrator is removed as a means of redressing the socially unjust orthodoxy of women and children fleeing from men's violence (Chung et al., 2000; McFerran, 2007). These later became known as "safe at home" approaches. It was never the intention that "safe at home" become a universal response or to replace existing specialist DV emergency accommodation. In fact, initially there was much anxiety about this being an unrealistic option based on professional concern about whether the safety of women and children could be sustained (Edwards, 2004b). Nevertheless, these recommendations were made at a time when policy and practice developments were increasingly focused on integrated interagency responses, law reform and specialist courts with new models emerging that were underpinned by coordinated responses involving police, courts and services for victims and perpetrators - one of the early examples being the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Family Violence Intervention Program (Cussen & Lyneham, 2012). Original proposals for women and children remaining in the home were based on the assumption that they were not at a high risk of danger and that there would be police and court responses in place that excluded the perpetrator from the home and responded effectively to any subsequent breaches of protection orders. In this respect, calls for "safe at home" options were aspirational and underpinned by some form of integrated interagency model or partnerships being in place at the sector and local level. From the early 2000s, women's specialist domestic violence accommodation services commenced trials of "safe at home" programs including the Eastern Domestic Violence Outreach Service in Melbourne, the Bega Program, and the South Eastern Sydney and Mt Druitt pilots (Edwards, 2011). The evaluations of these pilot programs indicated that there was the potential for such an approach and demonstrated that it was viable for a select group of women. However, it was also evident that there needed to be consistent court procedures so that perpetrators would be excluded from the home as expected and Apprehended Violence Orders would be properly policed and perpetrators arrested if they breached them (Edwards, 2004; Edwards, 2011). Edwards' (2011) research also highlighted the imperative of ongoing risk assessment and comprehensive responses to perpetrators - the latter responses being offered by organisations other than safe at home programs. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2015. 76p. Source: Internet Resource: Landscapes: State of Knowledge, Issue 05: Accessed August 6, 2018 at: https://dh2wpaq0gtxwe.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/final%205_3.1%20Landscapes%20SafeAtHome%2029%207%202015.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: https://dh2wpaq0gtxwe.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/final%205_3.1%20Landscapes%20SafeAtHome%2029%207%202015.pdf Shelf Number: 151029 Keywords: Abused Women Domestic Violence Family Violence Victim Services Victims of Violence Violence Against Women

Author: Day, Andrew Title: The forgotten victims: Prisoner experience of victimisation and engagement with the criminal justice system Summary: Many women in prison have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). As this form of violence is often intergenerational and entrenched, women in prison are widely considered to be at particular risk of ongoing victimisation following release from custody. And yet, their support needs often go unrecognised, and it is likely that a range of barriers exists that prevent ex-prisoners from accessing services. This project, jointly funded by ANROWS and Sparke Helmore Lawyers was conducted in partnership between James Cook University and the South Australian Department for Correctional Services. Led by Professor Andrew Day, this research develops an understanding of the factors that influence help-seeking by women in prison who may have concerns about their personal safety post-release and how this might inform service responses. From this research, a three stage model of help-seeking and change for women in prison was developed. The model suggests that any individual who experiences IPV must: recognise and define the situation as abusive and intolerable (Stage 1); decide to disclose the abuse and seek help (Stage 2); and identify a source of support and where to seek help (Stage 3). At the same time, the ability to seek help is influenced by a broad range of individual, interpersonal and socio-cultural factors including: the woman's own history; the personal networks in which she interacts, and the history of these networks; connections between networks or systems; formal and informal social structures that influence the woman indirectly; and overarching institutional systems at the cultural or subcultural level (social/cultural norms and prejudices). For policy-makers, practitioners and service providers, the research identifies: women in prison are a particularly vulnerable group who are likely to be at a high risk of ongoing victimisation; significant barriers exist that prevent women in prison from accessing IPV support services while in prison and post-release; current service models are unresponsive to the specific needs of women in prison and post-release; a specialised approach for women in prison is needed based on their particular social and individual circumstances; the development of culturally specific support services are required for women in prison who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander; and women with lived experience of incarceration should be part of the service framework in the community sector at all levels of program governance, design and delivery. Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWs), 2018. 112p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 23, 2018 at: http://apo.org.au/system/files/188151/apo-nid188151-993026.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/system/files/188151/apo-nid188151-993026.pdf Shelf Number: 151240 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Prisoners Rehabilitation Repeat Victimization Victim Services Victims of Crime Violence Against Women

Author: Aitken, Ruth Title: Domestic abuse and suicide: exploring the links with Refuge's client base and work force Summary: This collaborative research between Refuge and the University of Warwick is the first of its kind in the UK and - involving a sample of more than 3500 clients - it is one of the largest internationally. The suicide of Gurjit Dhaliwal, who took her own life after enduring years of physical and psychological abuse, was the impetus for this research. Dismayed at the apparent inability of the legal system to punish perpetrators who drive their victims to suicide, and by its failure to recognise the psychological injury which precedes it as a legitimate offence, we were moved to act. We decided to investigate the links between domestic abuse and suicide in order to fill gaps in existing knowledge about the factors that might predict, contribute to or mitigate against the development of suicidality in victims. Our goal was to use this information to inform policy and practice in the field; including in relation to 'liability for suicide' in cases of domestic abuse. This research provides detailed, substantial and original evidence on the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts amongst domestically abused clients in the UK. It supports existing research in suggesting a significant association between experiencing domestic abuse and suffering negative psychological effects. It highlights the importance of professionals that engage with domestically abused clients being more aware of and responsive to their risk of suicidality. Details: London: Refuge; Coventry, UK: Warwick Law School, 2018. 54p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2018 at; https://www.refuge.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/domestic-abuse-suicide-refuge-warwick-july2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.refuge.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/domestic-abuse-suicide-refuge-warwick-july2018.pdf Shelf Number: 151248 Keywords: Domestic Abuse Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Suicide Violence Against Women

Author: Howard, Marilyn Title: Universal Credit and Financial Abuse: Exploring the Links Summary: As Universal Credit continues to roll out nationally, this new report raises concerns that Universal Credit payments which are paid into one bank account for everyone in the household, rather than individual accounts, risk giving more power to abusers in homes where women experience domestic violence. The assumption that benefit paid to one account will be shared ignores evidence about financial abuse. Research shows different forms of money management can be practised within households, from pooling all income to one giving the other an allowance. Women often go without basic essentials themselves, especially where there are children and under male-controlled money management. Single payments will mean that main carers (usually in practice mothers) may lose clearly-labelled child payments, which are often paid separately and can provide a lifeline to survivors. Financial abuse is one aspect of economic abuse, which often occurs alongside other types of abuse such as psychological and physical. As with domestic abuse, financial abuse affects women more than men, lasts for longer and can continue post-separation. Financial abuse is not always recognised (by the survivor or by agencies) but has been a feature of successful prosecutions of controlling or coercive behaviour. The consequences of financial abuse include the survivor not being able to afford to leave an abusive partner. The report makes a number of recommendations including: Exploring different methods of making default single payments for the remaining roll out of Universal Credit so the most effective single payment model can be applied; Ensuring non-means tested benefits such as Carers Allowance remain payable outside of Universal Credit; Provide a safe space for women to disclose abuse when they are applying for benefits; Make more training on domestic abuse available for those working on the application and administration of Universal Credit such as Job centre staff; End the two child benefit cap, which has led to the infamous 'rape clause' Consider stripping out payments for children in Universal Credit and making them non-means-tested (perhaps as an increase to Child Benefit), and return to payment to the person mainly responsible for the care of the children Details: London: Women's Budget Group; End Violence Against Women, Surviving Economic Abuse, 2018. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 24, 2018 at: https://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-full-report-financial-abuse-and-uc-combined-cover.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-full-report-financial-abuse-and-uc-combined-cover.pdf Shelf Number: 151249 Keywords: Credit Card Fraud Domestic Violence Financial Abuse Financial Crimes Intimate Partner Violence Victims of Crimes Violence Against Women

Author: Weatherburn, Dan Title: General offending by domestic violence offenders Summary: Aim: To assess (a) the extent to which DV offenders specialise in DV offending (b) the type and frequency of involvement in non-DV offences by DV offenders and (c) the similarities and differences between DV assault offenders and non-DV assault offenders. Method: To address the first two questions we examine non-DV offending by offenders convicted in New South Wales (NSW) of a DV offence between 2008 and 2017. To address the third we use classification techniques to determine how well DV assault offenders and non-DV assault offenders can be separated on the basis of demographic and criminal justice variables or (in a separate sub-analysis) how well they can be separated on the basis of the Level of Service InventoryRevised (LSI-R). Results: A little over a third (35.25%) of the cohort had a DV conviction as their only conviction. The remainder (64.75%) had at least one general (non-DV) offence. DV offences accounted for only 38 per cent of all the offences committed by DV offenders between 2008 and 2017. DV offenders committed more than 2.5 times as many non-DV offences as DV offences. The 65,183 DV offenders who committed at least one non-DV offence, between them generated a total of 385,741 proven non-DV offences The most common non-DV offences committed by DV offenders in the cohort were traffic offences (27.99% of all non-DV offences), theft offences (14.67% of all non-DV offences) and drug offences (12.31% of all non-DV offences). DV assault offenders and non-DV assault offenders differ very little in terms of their demographic and criminal justice profile or in terms of their LSI-R profile. Conclusion: Policing strategies aimed at deterring or incapacitating domestic violence offenders are likely to produce spillover benefits in terms of other forms of crime. Further research is urgently needed to determine what works in reducing the risk of DV reoffending for those who specialise in DV and those whose offending involves both DV and non-DV offences. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2017. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Number 215: Accessed August 31, 2018 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/2018-Report-General-offending-by-domestic-violence-offenders-CJB215.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/2018-Report-General-offending-by-domestic-violence-offenders-CJB215.pdf Shelf Number: 151333 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence

Author: Flood, Michael Title: Working Together With Men: Final Evaluation Report Summary: Working Together with Men is an innovative violence prevention project based on community engagement and mobilisation. The Working Together With Men project aims to contribute to the prevention of violence against women by engaging men in Brimbank, Melbourne, to develop and implement primary prevention strategies in their local communities. It focuses on recruiting men from the community, training them, and then involving them in project planning in activities to prevent violence against women. This report describes the findings of an impact evaluation of the Working Together With Men project. Participatory evaluation (quantitative and qualitative) was conducted to examine the impact of the project on men's engagement in the primary prevention of violence against women. Details: Melbourne: HealthWest Partnership, 2018. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 31, 2018 at: http://healthwest.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Flood-Working-Together-with-Men-FINAL-evaluation-report-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Asia URL: http://healthwest.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Flood-Working-Together-with-Men-FINAL-evaluation-report-2018.pdf Shelf Number: 151319 Keywords: Abusive Men Battered Women Domestic Violence Male Batterers Violence Against Women Violence Against Women (Australia)

Author: Boxall, Hayley Title: Understanding Domestic Violence Incidents using Crime Script Analysis Summary: Finding ways to reduce repeat domestic violence requires an understanding of both violent relationships and what happens during violent incidents. The current study uses crime script analysis to describe incidents of men's violence against women. The results provide new insights into the situational factors present when arguments escalate to violence. These findings highlight the important role of third parties (eg friends and other family members) and the potential for bystander intervention. They also show the significance of emotion and intoxication. The ability of police to de-escalate violence is highlighted. Most importantly, the findings illustrate how crime script analysis can be applied to domestic violence to help identify ways to intervene to prevent repeat violence and reduce harm to victims. Details: Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2018. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 12, 2018 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi558 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: http://apo.org.au/system/files/190286/apo-nid190286-998726.pdf Shelf Number: 151494 Keywords: Crime Script Analysis Domestic Abuse Domestic Violence Repeat Offenses

Author: Duane, Marina Title: Pretrial Strategy for Handling Intimate Partner Violence Cases: An Innovation Fund Case Study from Buncombe County, North Carolina Summary: Criminal justice system actors tasked with responding to violence between intimate partners are grappling with how to effectively secure victims' safety while ensuring that those who use violence are held accountable and put on a path to change their abusive behavior. One example of where those two goals can be difficult to balance is releasing aggressors when at least one incident of intimate partner violence (IPV) has already been reported. While some intimate relationships are abusive from the start, many others are violent in different ways or become subtly more violent over time, making it difficult to predict when victims are in danger. Pretrial supervision agencies are well positioned to manage or mitigate such risks by monitoring some aggressors in the community. Buncombe County, North Carolina, was one of the first counties in the country to develop and pilot a specialized pretrial protocol for such supervision. This case study, part of a series highlighting work supported by the Safety and Justice Challenge Innovation Fund, highlights Buncombe County's experience implementing the protocol, examines the early outcomes and implementation challenges, builds upon the scant research in the United States about the effective pretrial supervision of IPV cases, and charts a course for other localities that seek to institute an effective coordinated response. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2018. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 18, 2018 at: https://www.urban.org/research/publication/pretrial-strategy-handling-intimate-partner-violence-cases Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99167/pretrial_strategy_for_intimate_partner_violence.pdf Shelf Number: 152987 Keywords: Domestic Violence Intimate Partner Violence Pretrial Supervision Victim Safety Victims of Crime

Author: Healey, Lucy Title: Invisible Practices: Intervention with Fathers who Use Violence Summary: This project aimed to provide an evidence base for intervening with fathers who use domestic and family violence (DFV), in order to enhance support for women and children living with DFV. The project is a part of ANROWS's Perpetrator Interventions Research Stream. The project delivered an evidence-informed Practice Guide for workers and highlights the need for organisations to undertake systemic change to embed new practice approaches. Structured interventions with men who use violence mostly occur through the criminal justice system and specialist men's behaviour change programs. While other services, such as child protection and family support services, work with fathers who use violence, this work has never been documented or formalised. In other words, to date, this work has been largely "invisible". The project's findings are structured around four themes: - key skills identified for working with fathers who use violence and control; - key factors identified in partnering with women; key skills in ensuring a focus on children and young people; and - the role of organisations and practitioner capacity building. The project built upon earlier ANROWS research, including the PATRICIA (PAThways and Research Into Collaborative Inter-Agency practice) project, which investigated fostering collaboration between child protection and specialist DFV services. The Invisible Practices project also draws on evidence from other existing research, the expertise of practitioners in four states and the technical skills and knowledge of the US-based Safe & Together Institute's consultants David Mandel and Kyle Pinto. Details: New South Wales, Australia: Australia's National Research Organization for Women's Safety, 2018. 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 9, 2018 at: https://www.anrows.org.au/node/1307 Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://dh2wpaq0gtxwe.cloudfront.net/Healey%20et%20al%20-%20Research%20Report%20-%20Invisible%20Practices.pdf Shelf Number: 153950 Keywords: Abusive Men Domestic Violence Evidence-Based Intervention Family Violence Fathers Gender-Based Violence Intervention Programs

Author: Mock, Lynne Title: Illinois Integrated Protocol Initiative Training Evaluation Report 2015-2017 Summary: Domestic violence is almost ubiquitous in Illinois. Illinois law enforcement agencies reported 118,160 domestic-related crimes in 2016 (Illinois State Police, 2017). The Illinois Family Violence Coordinating Council (IFVCC) has received several federal grants to improve prosecution rates, use of orders of protection, and public safety. IFVCC developed and provided training for police and other criminal justice practitioners to improve knowledge about domestic violence and apply this knowledge to support evidence-based approaches to prosecution. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (ICJIA) researchers worked with IFVCC Program Director and Evaluation Working Group members to develop evaluation tools for the Council's training protocols and mini-tool kits. Training evaluations from law enforcement, probation officers, emergency services personnel, and 911 telecommunicators were collected and analyzed to determine their confidence levels in processing these cases, perceptions of the trainer and the training, beliefs in supervisory and collegial support for using evidence-based arrest and prosecution approaches, and retention of key information imparted during the training immediately afterwards. Overall, training participants provided positive feedback about the quality of training provided. Most participants reported a significant increase in confidence after the training and positively rated the training and trainers. While some were uncertain about the relevance of the training to their work, most rated the training as applicable. Participants showed significant increases in knowledge in most pre- and post-assessments. A 70-percent correct response rate was set as the minimum score required to demonstrate adequate knowledge of the material from the training sessions. More than half of the domestic violence training for law enforcement and emergency medical services staff participants met this standard, at 58 percent and 53 percent, respectively. Almost half of the probation personnel participants met this standard, at 47 percent. Policy implications explored continuing these trainings and setting specific goals for them. In addition, it would be important to monitor the fidelity of the training provided to insure an increase in investigations, orders of protections and evidence-based arrests. And, work is needed beyond the in-class training and into the workplace, where supervisors can show support for the use of the evidence-based practices and adopt them as standard operating procedure in their departments. Expanding the training modality to online webinar formats with technical assistance outreach would allow more training participation with cost savings in travel and training locations. Future research could involve an evaluation of the predictive reliability of the evaluation tools to show the extent to which new knowledge was adopted and useful in evidence-based prosecutions. Also, a study comparing standard practice to evidence-based prosecutions stemming from IFVCC training protocols and mini-toolkits would measure the effectiveness of the tools to support domestic violence arrest and prosecution. Details: Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 2018. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed Dec. 11, 2018 at: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/assets/pdf/IFVCC/IIPI_Training_Evaluation_Report_IFVCC_101818.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.icjia.state.il.us/assets/pdf/IFVCC/IIPI_Training_Evaluation_Report_IFVCC_101818.pdf Shelf Number: 153960 Keywords: Domestic Violence Evidence-Based Practices Family Violence Police and Domestic Violence Police Training

Author: Mills, Linda Title: An In-Depth Examination of Batterer Intervention and Alternative Treatment Approaches for Domestic Violence Offenders Summary: The criminal justice system is the most important response to domestic violence (DV) in the United States (US). Every state currently criminalizes DV and most courts rely on Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) as their primary form of treatment to address this crime and minimize future incidents of violence among intimate partners and/or family members (Crockett et al., 2015). This study addresses one of the most significant developments in the system's response to DV - the 2,500 or so BIPs to which hundreds of thousands of convicted offenders are mandated to treatment each year by US judges (Boal & Mankowski, 2014). BIPs claim that their focus is on changing sexist attitudes and related behaviors and holding offenders accountable for their crimes. Rigorous studies of BIPs have shown high attrition rates (Aaron & Beaulaurier, 2017; Babcock, Green, & Robie, 2004; Price & Rosenbaum, 2009; Jewell & Wormith, 2010), little evidence of attitudinal and behavioral change (Gondolf, 2000; Jackson et al. 2003), and inconsistent contact with victims (Mills, Grauwiler, & Pezold, 2006; Price & Rosenbaum, 2009). Despite this growing acknowledgement and acceptance that BIPs are minimally effective, our study is the first to use a rigorous research design (a randomized controlled trial) complemented by an in-depth qualitative study in examining the effectiveness of an alternative treatment approach using restorative justice (RJ). In an attempt to address the shortcomings of BIP treatment programs, a number of states now allow alternative approaches, aside from the standard BIP, for DV crimes (Barocas, Emery, & Mills, 2016). These alternatives include restorative justice and conjoint or couples treatments. Some states require that these alternative programs be offered after a period of BIP treatment (e.g., Utah); other states allow these alternative options to be offered instead of BIP treatment (e.g., Arizona). This National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-funded study was designed to provide an in-depth examination of BIP and an alternative treatment approach using RJ for DV offenders. The study design provides an in-depth content analysis to complement a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Salt Lake City, Utah that uses an intention to treat method of analysis to determine which treatment program has the lowest arrest outcomes: a traditional BIP or a BIP plus RJ approach called Circles of Peace (CP). Utah requires a minimum of 16 weeks of treatment for domestic violence offenders mandated to treatment. BIP, a 16-week group-based treatment approach for offenders only, is largely didactic (as opposed to interactive) and focuses on changing sexist attitudes for the purpose of altering the behavior of offenders. BIP plus CP provides 12 weeks of offender-only group sessions (with RJ principles infused throughout), encouraging offenders to focus on behavioral and attitudinal change. Following the initial 12 group sessions, offenders participate in four weeks of individual circles with a willing victim or a victim advocate (if the victim does not want to participate), family members or other support people, and trained community volunteers. The NSF study is a two-part study; this NIJ study builds on Part II. Part I of the NSF study compared BIP only and BIP plus CP for all DV cases (intimate partner and family violence). Part II of the NSF study and the NIJ study focused on intimate partner violence cases only. Using a variety of data collection methods, this NIJ study offers critical findings that go beyond what the NSF quantitative study can provide (results from Part II of the NSF study are still pending). Interviews with offenders and victims over multiple points in time, video-recordings and observations of treatment sessions, and a case record review allowed the researchers to test emerging theories that BIP plus CP may be a viable alternative to treatment, while ensuring that safety concerns are addressed when using this approach. Details: NYC: New York University, 2018. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 18, 2018 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/252265.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/252265.pdf Shelf Number: 154067 Keywords: Alternative Approaches Batterer Intervention Programs Circles of Peace Couples Treatment Domestic Violence Family Violence Restorative Justice Sexist Attitudes Utah Violence Against Women

Author: Myrstol, Brad A. Title: An Innovative Response to an Intractable Problem: Using Village Public Safety Officers to Enhance the Criminal Justice Response to Violence Committed Against Alaska Native and American Indian Women in Alaska's Tribal Communities Summary: Executive Summary The principal goal of this project was to empirically document and evaluate the impact Alaska�s village public safety officer (VPSO) program has on the investigation and prosecution of those who commit acts of sexual and domestic violence against Alaska Native and American Indian women in Alaska�s tribal communities. To accomplish this goal, detailed case record reviews were performed on 683 sexual assault and sexual abuse of a minor cases and 982 domestic violence cases that were closed by the Alaska State Troopers C-Detachment between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2011. Results show that the men and women who constitute Alaska�s VPSO program play a central role in the criminal justice response to incidents of sexual assault, sexual abuse, and domestic violence committed in Alaska�s tribal communities. This study documents the many ways that VPSOs not only serve as a �force multiplier� for Troopers by serving as first responders and assisting with investigations. VPSOs also serve victims and their communities by providing crucial post-incidents supports and services in the aftermath of sexual assault, sexual abuse, and domestic violence incidents. This study finds that VPSOs (and other paraprofessional police) enhance the criminal justice response to incidents of sexual violence by increasing the probability that such cases, once reported, will be referred for prosecution, accepted for prosecution, and ultimately result in conviction. These are tangible, positive outcomes that directly benefit victims, their families and their communities, and evidence that the participation of VPSOs increases the likelihood that the perpetrators of these crimes will be held accountable for their conduct. However, the multivariate analyses conducted show that the contributions made by VPSOs and other paraprofessional police are not uniform across case type. More specifically, this study finds that a paraprofessional police response significantly enhances the criminal justice response to sexual abuse of a minor cases but not sexual assault cases, once other explanatory factors (for example, the quality of evidence collected) are accounted for. While this study�s multivariate analyses were constrained by relatively small sample sizes for sexual assault and sexual abuse of a minor cases, respectively, the findings suggest that the �VPSO effect� (or, more generally, the �paraprofessional police effect�) on the criminal justice response to violence committed against Alaska Native/American Indian females in Alaska�s tribal communities may be �age graded� and limited. That is to say, our results suggest that there is something about the nature of sexual abuse of a minor incidents and their investigation that makes VPSO and other paraprofessional police involvement more tangible and impactful on key case processing outcomes. That VPSO and other paraprofessional police involvement and participation would have differential effects according to case type (and, by definition, victim age) was an unanticipated finding for which we do not have a ready explanation. This study also shows that VPSOs are intensely involved in the response to, and investigation of domestic violence incidents. However, because referral, acceptance, and conviction rates are so high for crimes of domestic violence, we did not detect any VPSO-specific effect on these outcomes. While there is no evidence that VPSOs hinder domestic violence investigations in any way, neither did we find any evidence that VPSO participation in their investigation enhances the criminal justice response to these crimes. Details: Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska, 2018. 124p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 17, 2019 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251890.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/justiceinindiancountry/vsindiancountry.html Shelf Number: 154244 Keywords: Alaska Alaska Native American Indian Domestic Violence First Responders Native American Tribal Communities Village Public Safety Officer (VPSO)

Author: Freeman, Karen Title: Domestic and Family Violence by Juvenile Offenders: Offender, Victim and Incident Characteristics Summary: Aim: To examine domestic and family violence perpetrated by juveniles in New South Wales, including identifying characteristics of offenders, victims, and incidents. Method: Descriptive analysis was undertaken of a cohort of persons aged under 18 years who were proceeded against by New South Wales Police for domestic assault. A sub-sample of 200 police narratives for this cohort was further analysed to identify more detailed contextual factors associated with these incidents. Case studies are presented. Results: While the majority of juvenile offenders were male, approximately one third were female. Approximately half of the sample of offenders had criminal proceedings in the 24 months prior to, and the 12 months following, the reference offence, showing a pattern of ongoing criminal behaviour. Victims were more likely to be female, and more likely to be a family member, predominantly a parent, than an intimate partner. Both male and female victims were more likely to be assaulted by a male than female offender. The vast majority of incidents occurred in the victim's home and involved physical violence but did not involve a weapon. Alcohol and other drug use was infrequently associated with these incidents, however mental health issues experienced by the offender was noted in approximately one in four incidents. Conclusion: While domestic and family violence by juveniles has commonalities with domestic and family violence by adults, the nature of the relationship between victims and offenders presents unique challenges in providing appropriate responses to, and services for, victims and offenders. Details: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2018. 11p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/2018/10/02/report-domestic-and-family-violence-juvenile-offenders-offender-victim-and-incident Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/2018-Report-Domestic-and-family-violence-by-juvenile-offenders-BB136.pdf Shelf Number: 154284 Keywords: Assault Child-to-Parent Violence Domestic Violence Family Violence Juvenile Offender Mental Health Issues

Author: El-Murr, Alissar Title: Intimate partner violence in Australian refugee communities: Scoping review of issues and service responses Summary: This paper looks at what is currently known about intimate partner violence in Australian refugee communities, and what service providers can do to ensure appropriate support is available to this client group. The first half of the paper provides a scoping review of current research. The second half of the paper looks at real-life case studies of service practice through consultations with organisations of importance to refugee communities in Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria. Key messages - Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most commonly experienced form of family violence used against women in Australia and takes place across all cultures and faith groups. - In addition to physical and sexual violence, women from refugee backgrounds are particularly vulnerable to financial abuse, reproductive coercion and immigration-related violence. - Intersecting factors relevant to the experience of IPV in refugee communities include migration pathways and traumatic pre-arrival experiences, as well as settlement issues such as acculturation stress and social isolation. - Integrated, trauma-informed care is regarded as promising practice in services targeting individuals from refugee backgrounds to address women's experiences of IPV. - To assist in overcoming barriers to engagement, service providers can implement strategies to enhance cultural safety. Promoting community involvement and leadership has been shown to be important in developing culturally competent programming and should underpin violence prevention strategies. Details: Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2018. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: CFCA Paper No. 50: Accessed January 24, 2019 at: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/sites/default/files/publication-documents/50_intimate_partner_violence_in_australian_refugee_communities.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/sites/default/files/publication-documents/50_intimate_partner_violence_in_australian_refugee_communities.pdf Shelf Number: 154389 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Refugees Violence Against Women

Author: Powell, Anastasia Title: Review of bystander approaches in support of preventing violence against women Summary: There has been a significant focus within recent Australian government and policy debates on the role of primary prevention to address violence against women; in particular, sexual and intimate partner violence. In 2007 VicHealth published Preventing violence before it occurs: A framework and background paper to guide the primary prevention of violence against women in Victoria In 2009 the then State Government of Victoria launched (VicHealth 2007). Drawing on an international evidence-base, this document set out the conceptual framework for the prevention of violence against women (henceforth referred to as the 'VicHealth framework') as well as the strategic directions and priority actions for state government policy. In particular, the VicHealth framework identified the social determinants of violence against women - such as unequal power relations between women and men, and social norms that reinforce this - and provided a roadmap for program and policy activity to address these determinants effectively. A Right to Respect: Victoria's Plan to Prevent Violence Against Women 2010-2020 (State Government of Victoria 2009). This 10-year plan set out a statewide strategy to enable the primary prevention of violence against women across settings and communities. At the federal level, in 2009 the Australian government released Time for Action, the National Council's Plan for Australia to Reduce Violence Against Women and their Children (National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children 2009b). Time for Action Together these documents provide a high-level framework for the prevention of violence against women by identifying effective and promising strategies, priority areas, as well as population groups and sites. In turn, this local focus on preventing violence against women draws on a global context in which the United Nations (e.g. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) and the World Health Organization (WHO 2002; 2004) have provided significant leadership as well as specific guidance on how to 'do' prevention work (see WHO 2004). proposed a 12-year national strategy for primary prevention and also further reform of the response and intervention systems for family violence and sexual assault. In 2011 the Council of Australian Governments launched the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children to drive activity in six outcome areas, including primary prevention and respectful relationships (Commonwealth of Australia 2011) Tertiary responses to violence against women, such as legal penalties for perpetrators and support services for victims, continue to play a crucial role in society's overall response to violence against women. However, in the context of continuing rates of victimisation and low reporting of violence to police, such responses are not in of themselves enough to stop violence against women continuing to occur. For example, in the most recent Australian Personal Safety Survey, 40 per cent of women reported experiencing at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since the age of 15, and while men who experience violence are most likely to be assaulted by a stranger, women continue to be most likely assaulted by a current or former partner or family member (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006). These findings reflect those in earlier research which indicated that more than a third of Australian women surveyed have experienced some form of physical or sexual violence during their lifetime, most often at the hands of a current or former intimate partner (Mouzos & Makkai 2004; Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996). Moreover, such research also indicates that approximately 80 per cent never report their experience of violence to police (Mouzos & Makkai 2004; Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996). In addition to the direct impacts of violence on women, children and families, there are also serious social costs of violence against women for the broader Australian community. For example, research commissioned by VicHealth (2004) found that domestic violence is the leading contributor to death, disability and illness in Victorian women aged 15 to 44 years, contributing more to ill-health than other risk factors such as smoking and obesity. Furthermore, the annual cost of domestic violence to the Australian economy has been estimated to be $13.6 billion including: health-related costs, lost productivity, legal system expenditure, provision of emergency accommodation and other costs (National Council to Reduce Violence Against Women and Their Children 2009a). In sum, the problem of violence against women is far too prevalent and its effects on individuals and communities far too serious to limit responses to those taking place only after violence has occurred (WHO 2002).... Details: Carlton, Victoria, AUS: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), 2011. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 30, 2019 at: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/VicHealth_ReviewBystanderApproachesSupportPreventingVAW_5-2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/VicHealth_ReviewBystanderApproachesSupportPreventingVAW_5-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 154461 Keywords: Bystander Intervention Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Assault Violence Against Women (Australia) Violence Prevention

Author: Brown, Thea Title: Filicide offenders Summary: Filicide is the killing of a child by a parent or parent equivalent. Between 2000-01 and 2011-12, there were 238 incidents of filicide in Australia involving the death of 284 children. This paper examines the characteristics of custodial parents, non-custodial parents and step-parents charged with the murder or manslaughter of their children. Offender circumstances and characteristics differed according to the offender's gender and custodial relationship with the victim. As filicide is difficult to predict, intervention strategies should focus on families with multiple risk factors and address the needs of parents as well as those of children at risk. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2019. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice No. 568: Accessed February 6, 2019 at: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi568 Year: 2019 Country: Australia URL: https://aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi568 Shelf Number: 154498 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Filicide Homicide

Author: National Commission on Domestic and Sexual Violence and Multiple Disadvantage Title: Breaking Down the Barriers: Findings of The National Commission on Domestic and Sexual Violence and Multiple Disadvantage Summary: Recent work on multiple disadvantage has focused on a set of common issues: homelessness, offending and substance use. As a result, work on multiple disadvantage has predominantly focused on men who are identified as having higher rates of these three issues. When the definition of multiple disadvantage is changed to incorporate the impact of violence against women and girls, however, a different balance emerges. One in every 20 women have experienced extensive physical or sexual violence and abuse across their life course, compared to one in every 100 men. This equates to 1.2 million women in England alone. These women face very high rates of problems like mental ill-health, addiction, homelessness and poverty. More than half have a common mental health condition, one in five have been homeless and one in three have an alcohol problem. Gendered violence also mediates the pathway to women's criminalisation, as most women in contact with the criminal justice system have faced domestic or sexual violence. Furthermore, this is also reflected in the experiences of many women involved in prostitution. Recent work on multiple disadvantage has focused on a set of common issues: homelessness, offending and substance use. As a result, work on multiple disadvantage has predominantly focused on men who are identified as having higher rates of these three issues. When the definition of multiple disadvantage is changed to incorporate the impact of violence against women and girls, however, a different balance emerges. One in every 20 women have experienced extensive physical or sexual violence and abuse across their life course, compared to one in every 100 men. This equates to 1.2 million women in England alone. These women face very high rates of problems like mental ill-health, addiction, homelessness and poverty. More than half have a common mental health condition, one in five have been homeless and one in three have an alcohol problem. Gendered violence also mediates the pathway to women's criminalisation, as most women in contact with the criminal justice system have faced domestic or sexual violence. Furthermore, this is also reflected in the experiences of many women involved in prostitution. Details: London: Agenda; AVA; Lloyds Bank Foundation, 2019. 145p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 27, 2019 at: https://weareagenda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Breaking-down-the-Barriers-full-report-FINAL.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://weareagenda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Breaking-down-the-Barriers-full-report-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 154774 Keywords: Domestic Violence Gender-Based Violence Homelessness Prostitution Sexual Violence Substance Abuse Violence Against Women and Girls

Author: Women's Resource Centre Title: Promising practice from the frontline: Exploring gendered approaches to supporting women experiencing homelessness and multiple disadvantage Summary: This scoping research is a collaboration between Homeless Link and the Women's Resource Centre (WRC) to explore gendered support available in England to women who experience homelessness and multiple disadvantage. Summary of key findings -- The factors that services are seeing most frequently Survey data suggests that women experiencing multiple disadvantage are presenting to a broad range of community services including those that are designed to support women with multiple disadvantage and services that are not. Over two thirds of the survey respondents (69%) reported they had seen an increase in the numbers of women with multiple disadvantage presenting to their service over the last two years. When asked to report the types of multiple disadvantage that women present to services with, the findings demonstrate that services are supporting women with a broad range of experiences: - All the survey respondents said that they 'sometimes' of 'often' support women who experience homelessness - 97% of respondents reported that they are either 'sometimes' or 'often' supporting women with experience of mental ill-health - 94% of respondents reported that they 'sometimes' or 'often' support women with problematic substance use - 93% of respondents reported that they 'sometimes' or 'often' support women who experience domestic violence. 65% of the survey respondents said that they support women with all the following either 'sometimes' or 'often': homelessness, domestic violence, sexual violence, involvement in prostitution, problematic drugs and alcohol use, mental ill health and involvement in the criminal justice system. The research also explored the way in which women experience homelessness and their journey to services: - Domestic and sexual violence as well as changes in welfare leading to an inability to cover housing costs were reported to be the main triggers for women's homelessness - To avoid violence and exploitation when sleeping rough women either stay with family and friends or resorting to using public transport or A&E waiting rooms - Women who experience domestic violence and present to the local authority were reported to often receive an inadequate response and are not deemed priority need. - When women do sleep rough, they may stay on the move all night to avoid the risks of more violence and exploitation - Traditional support provided through the homelessness pathway tends to be mixed provision which risks exposing women to further violence and exploitation. Staff rarely have the skills and experience to understand the types of support women need as a result of the continuum of violence they have experienced. Support available for homeless women who experience multiple disadvantage Of the 90 respondents to the survey, the majority (62%) were from homelessness and housing services, but a wide range of other community support projects were represented including violence and abuse support services, criminal justice support services, substance use, drop-in advice services and specialist women's services. Almost half of the services that responded to the survey (48%) reported that they were designed to work specifically with women facing multiple disadvantage, 46% reporting that they are not and 6% answered 'not sure'. 19 respondents explicitly stated that their service was a dedicated woman only organisation. Responses varied significantly in the extent to which services implement policies, practices and training to inform their support for this group of women, suggesting that services need to be strengthened to incorporate gender informed policies, practices and training. Effective support for homeless women facing multiple disadvantage Building on previous research this project identified common factors that are reported to enhance the effectiveness of support for women experiencing multiple disadvantage: - Organisational commitment to work from an understanding of women's lived experience of inequality - Service design which incorporates gendered approaches - incorporating the understanding of the impacts of VAWG and how to respond appropriately - Organisational structures: policies, staff recruitment training and support - implementing policies which embed a gendered approach, recruiting knowledgeable, empathic, compassionate and resilient staff that are trained on violence against women. Examples of promising practice where services have incorporated the elements illustrated above have been documented in a series of good practice case studies in the full report. Barriers and enablers to providing effective support The primary barriers facing services include: - A lack of strategic, gender informed funding approaches from commissioners. - Structural barriers relating to an overall lack of availability of safe, appropriate housing options. - A lack of resources resulting from widespread social care sector spending cuts, particularly for women with no recourse to public funds. - A lack of systematic evidence relating to women's homelessness which delays their access to support. As such, those providing gender informed and gender specific approaches are facing an uphill struggle in making the case for and levering in resources to do their work. Suggestions were noted that would enhance support for women: - Increasing joint commissioning approaches to encourage services to work together rather than in silos - The Housing First model adapted to work specifically with women - Specific expertise, time and resource available to advocate for migrant women to access their rights, entitlements and legal advice - Changes to how women's homelessness is categorised including the need for changes to the verification process which can miss out women who do not sleep rough and those who hide themselves whilst rough sleeping Assertive outreach models to more effectively locate, identify and engage women. Details: London: Homeless Link and Women's Resource Centre, 2019. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2019 at: https://www.homeless.org.uk/sites/default/files/site-attachments/Women%27s%20research_March%2019_0.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.homeless.org.uk/sites/default/files/site-attachments/Women%27s%20research_March%2019_0.pdf Shelf Number: 154981 Keywords: Disadvantaged Persons Domestic Violence Gender-Based Issues Homeless Persons Homeless Women Housing Rough Sleeping Victim Services Violence Against Women

Author: Fahmy, Eldin Title: Evidence and policy review: Domestic violence and poverty Summary: In 2013/14, over 1.1 million women and 500,000 men in England and Wales experienced partner abuse in the last year. However, despite international recognition of the connections between women's poverty and increased vulnerability to domestic abuse, the connections between poverty and domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and the policies actions needed to tackle these problems remain poorly understood in a UK context. This report summarises existing evidence on the connections between poverty and DVA and considers the potential anti-poverty implications of DVA and related policy responses. In doing so, we hope to raise awareness of the ways in which anti-poverty policies can also promote the prevention of violence against women. More specifically, the review was prepared to inform the development of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation's Anti-Poverty Strategy. Whilst gender inequality is both a cause and consequence of women's vulnerability to poverty, robust evidence on the connections between poverty and DVA is limited. Addressing this knowledge gap is vital in ensuring both that anti-poverty initiatives are sensitive to their impacts for women's vulnerability to DVA, and that actions to tackle DVA acknowledge the socioeconomic context within which abuse occurs. Details: York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2016. 42 p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 22, 2019 at: https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/files/128551400/JRF_DV_POVERTY_REPORT_FINAL_COPY_.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/files/128551400/JRF_DV_POVERTY_REPORT_FINAL_COPY_.pdf Shelf Number: 155103 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Poverty Socioeconomic Status Violence Against Women

Author: Safe State Title: Acting to End Sexual, Domestic and Family Violence Summary: Yet one in five women experience sexual violence and one in four women experience violence by a current or former partner. We can't let this continue. We must act now. Our Government must act to: Create cultural change to prevent violence and promote gender equality; Provide immediate and ongoing support for people experiencing violence; Ensure people experiencing violence have a safe home; Ensure people experiencing violence can access justice safely; Enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to lead change to end violence; Be accountable to specialist workers and the wider community. It's time to act now to ensure every person can live free from violence. Details: NSW: The Author, 2019. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 27, 2019 at: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/safensw/pages/41/attachments/original/1540514938/A_Safe_State_-_Final_Policy_Platform_%28Oct_2018-Mar_2019%29.pdf?1540514938 Year: 2019 Country: Australia URL: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/safensw/pages/41/attachments/original/1540514938/A_Safe_State_-_Final_Policy_Platform_%28Oct_2018-Mar_2019%29.pdf?1540514938 Shelf Number: 155174 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence Violence Prevention

Author: Great Britain. HM Government Title: Ending Violence against Women and Girls: 2016-2020. Strategy Refresh Summary: In March 2016 we published our new VAWG Strategy, which sets out an ambitious programme of reform, and was supported by increased funding of L80m. In March 2017, the Chancellor announced additional funding of 20m pounds to support victims and survivors of domestic abuse, bringing the total committed to L100m, over twice what was committed during the previous Parliament. Our long-term vision remains the same, and so this Strategy is set out according to our existing strategic pillars: prevention, provision of services, partnership working, and pursuing perpetrators. The crimes addressed through this strategy are the crimes that disproportionately affect women and girls, which are domestic abuse, sexual violence, stalking, and so-called 'honour-based' violence including forced marriage and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). We will continue to measure our success by seeking reductions in overall prevalence of these crimes as measured by the Crime Survey of England and Wales, and seek increased prosecutions and convictions, where appropriate. It is important to bring together our work in the UK with efforts to tackle these issues internationally, and so the 2016 Strategy, and this refresh, represents a 'One Government' approach. This Strategy Refresh also sits alongside other, closely linked pieces of work from across government such as the Victims' Strategy. We are clear that all victims of crime should be supported, but that particular hidden crimes merit their own, focused, response. We will also continue to ensure that our response to vulnerable people, and programmes of work to tackle modern slavery and child sexual abuse and exploitation, remain joined up and mutually supportive of this agenda. This refresh does not provide full details of all that has been achieved since 2016, and nor does it set out our full strategic vision for VAWG, which remains with the 2016 Ending VAWG Strategy. This document does not overtake the 2016 Strategy, and both should be considered together. Instead, this refresh provides a brief update on delivery achieved so far, captures additional programmes of work that have contributed to this agenda, and sets out new, additional actions that government will take forward that goes beyond those set out in the 2016 Strategy While we know that these crimes disproportionately affect women and girls, we also recognise that men and boys are victims too. The vision set out in this Strategy applies to male as well as female victims, but we have published a Male Victims Position Statement alongside this document, which clarifies and strengthens our response to male victims of these crimes, while still recognising the disproportionate impact on women. Details: London: Author, 2019. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/783596/VAWG_Strategy_Refresh_Web_Accessible.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/783596/VAWG_Strategy_Refresh_Web_Accessible.pdf Shelf Number: 155606 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Female Genital Mutilation Forced Marriage Gender-Based Violence Honor Based Violence Modern Slavery Rape Sexual Violence Stalking Violence against Women and Girls

Author: Ofer, Nogah Title: Super-complaint : Police failure to use protective measures in cases involving violence against women and girls Summary: Centre for Women's Justice (CWJ) is a charity established in 2016 with the purpose of holding the state to account on its response to violence against women and girls (VAWG). Our Director, Harriet Wistrich, and our two solicitors, are specialists in civil claims against public authorities and public law. In addition to conducting our own strategic litigation we provide training to frontline organisations in the women's sector on failures around VAWG in the criminal justice system and the legal remedies available to address them. We also provide legal advice to frontline organisations and members of the public in individual cases involving policing and prosecution of VAWG. This super-complaint draws together failures by the police to utilise four separate legal protections that exist for the benefit of vulnerable people experiencing domestic abuse, sexual violence, harassment and stalking, the overwhelming majority of whom are women and girls. Whilst we analyse the circumstances surrounding each of these legal powers, it is important to appreciate the cumulative effect of these widespread failings, which together amount to a systemic failure on the part of the state to provide protection for some of the most vulnerable people in our society. Use of these powers can prevent serious harm and a lack of response by police creates impunity, with perpetrators perceiving that there are no repercussions for their actions, and survivors perceiving that nothing happens when policing action is sought and that it is not worth reporting to police. This systemic failure persists despite the Government's avowed determination to address VAWG, since, as Home Secretary, Theresa May launched a Call to End Violence Against Women and Girls in 2010. It also persists some five years after HM Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMICFRS) published its first thematic report on the policing of domestic abuse in 2014, with subsequent regular progress reports, the latest published only last month. The police service as a whole adopted a "positive action" approach to VAWG in 2008 , yet that has not been reflected in practice on the ground, as identified by HMICFRS in its reports. One in five women killed by a current or former partner in 2017-2018 had been in contact with the police . It appears from the evidence reported by frontline women's services, that lack of protection for women is on the increase, partly resulting from a lack of understanding of abuse by police officers so that available powers are not properly utilised, and partly due to under-resourcing of police forces. We shall consider these factors in more detail below. Not only is there a political and policy failure by the state to effectively tackle a social ill acknowledged to be of epidemic proportions (see statistics at page 9 below) but also a failure to meet the state's legal duties under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Our legal analysis below sets out the law around the state's positive obligations to protect the right to life (Article 2), prevent inhuman and degrading treatment (Article 3) and enforce respect for private and family life (Article 8). When the policing of VAWG is compared to that of other crime types, these breaches are clearly discriminatory, impacting disproportionately on women and girls (Article 14). We are concerned that the real hurdles to effective action to protect women from violence, abuse and coercion are not being tackled, and that despite the efforts devoted to it, the Domestic Abuse Bill will not produce the desired protection. The problems we see are not a lack of legal powers or a need for broad legislative change (though some changes in the law are identified in this super-complaint) but a failure to utilise existing legal powers. This seems to be due to the low priority accorded to VAWG, lack of training and effective supervision, a failure to apply deterrent sanctions on officers who disregard these duties, and chronic under-funding of frontline policing of VAWG. There seems little purpose in adding a Domestic Violence Protection Order to the statute books to lie unused, when similar existing orders are not being utilised. Outline of this report -- The four protective measures addressed in this super-complaint are: 1. Failure to impose bail conditions: a. Where suspects are interviewed following voluntary attendance and bail cannot be used; b. Where suspects are interviewed under arrest, release under investigation without bail, or release on bail without bail conditions; c. Where bail is not extended beyond 28 days 2. Failure to arrest for breach of non-molestation orders; 3. Failure to utilise Domestic Violence Protection Notices and Domestic Violence Protection Orders; 4. Failure to apply for restraining orders at conclusion of criminal proceedings; We shall briefly outline the wider picture on policing of VAWG, and then examine each of the four protective measures separately, and for each consider: - The view from the frontline - Information from other sources (where available) - The response of oversight bodies - CWJ's analysis and recommendations for action. Details: London: Centre for Women's Justice, 2019. 51p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2019 at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5aa98420f2e6b1ba0c874e42/t/5c91f55c9b747a252efe260c/1553069406371/Super-complaint+report.FINAL.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5aa98420f2e6b1ba0c874e42/t/5c91f55c9b747a252efe260c/1553069406371/Super-complaint+report.FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 155615 Keywords: Domestic Violence Police Response Policing Domestic Abuse Protection Orders Restraining Orders Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Green, Donald P. Title: Silence Begets Violence: A mass media experiment in rural Uganda Summary: Violence against women (VAW) is widespread in East Africa, with almost half of married women experiencing physical abuse. Those seeking to address this policy issue confront two challenges. First, some forms of domestic violence are widely condoned; majorities of men and women believe that a husband is justified in beating his wife in a variety of scenarios. Second, victims and bystanders are often reluctant to report incidents to authorities. Building on a growing literature showing that education -entertainment can change norms and behaviors, we present experimental evidence from a media campaign attended by over 10,000 Ugandans in 112 villages. In randomly assigned villages, video dramatizations discouraged VAW and encouraged reporting. Results from interviews conducted several months after the intervention show no change in attitudes condoning VAW yet a substantial increase in willingness to report to authorities, especially among women, and a decline in the share of women who experienced violence. Details: New Haven, CT: Innovations for Poverty Action, 2019. 42p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 7, 2019 at: https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/GreenWilkeCooper2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Uganda URL: https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/GreenWilkeCooper2019.pdf Shelf Number: 155673 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Mass Media Campaigns Publicity Violence Against Women, Girls

Author: Green, Donald P. Title: Countering violence against women at scale: A mass media experiment in rural Uganda Summary: Violence against women (VAW) is widespread in East Africa, with almost half of married women experiencing physical abuse. Those seeking to address this policy issue confront two challenges. First, some forms of domestic violence are widely condoned; majorities of men and women believe that a husband is justified in beating his wife in a variety of scenarios. Second, victims and bystanders are often reluctant to report incidents to authorities. Building on a growing literature showing that education-entertainment can change norms and behaviors, we present experimental evidence from a media campaign attended by over 10,000 Ugandans in 112 villages. In randomly assigned villages, video dramatizations discouraged VAW and encouraged reporting. Results from interviews conducted several months after the intervention show no change in attitudes condoning VAW yet a substantial increase in willingness to report to authorities, especially among women, and a decline in the share of women who experienced violence. Details: Unpublished paper, 2019. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Working paper, 2019: Accessed May 8, 2019 at: https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/GreenWilkeCooper2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Uganda URL: https://www.poverty-action.org/sites/default/files/publications/GreenWilkeCooper2019.pdf Shelf Number: 155698 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate partner Violence Media Campaign Publicity Campaign Rural Areas Violence Against Women

Author: Our Watch Title: Change the Story :Three Years on: Reflections on Uptake and Impact, Lessons Learned and Our Watch's Ongoing Work to Embed and Expand the Evidence on Prevention Summary: In 2015, Our Watch, together with Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) and VicHealth, published a world-first shared national framework for the primary prevention of violence against women and their children. Since its publication, Change the story: A shared framework for the primary prevention of violence against women and their children in Australia has been widely shared and endorsed, and used in many different ways by diverse audiences, from practitioners to policymakers, across a range of settings, and among both small community groups and large organisations. In this time, Our Watch has also used Change the story as the evidence base that informs our own ongoing work � in policy development and advice to governments, in supporting established and emerging prevention practitioners and developing prevention models for different settings, and in the development of media content and social marketing campaigns to change social norms, attitudes and behaviours. Three years after its release, it is an appropriate time to review the uptake of, and response to, Change the story by readers and users of the framework across the country, and to consider the lessons we�ve learned from this feedback. It is also an opportunity to reflect and report on our own subsequent and ongoing work, which aims both to promote and embed the approach outlined in Change the story across Australia, and to continue to develop the evidence base and expand our own thinking. Reporting publicly on this review and reflection process is the purpose of this publication. It also delivers on the first part of a commitment made in Change the story itself, namely that it would be reviewed in 2018 in parallel with planning for the Fourth Action Plan 2019-2022 of the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children 2010-2022 (hereafter 'the National Plan'), and again in 2021, to align with the final stage of this National Plan and the anticipated development of its successor. Given the short time since the publication of Change the story, this three-year review and reflection has been kept deliberately limited in scope � it does not, for example, include an updated review of the international literature and evidence on prevention that informed the original document. We envisage that the 2021 review will encompass this substantial task, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of Change the story after five years of application and a revision or expansion of the approach if warranted. Details: Melbourne, Australia: Our Watch, 2019. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 28, 2019 at: https://www.ourwatch.org.au/Media-Resources Year: 2019 Country: International URL: https://www.ourwatch.org.au/getmedia/5625d7f5-40de-40d8-a3f7-d3b9147df909/OW005-Change-they-Story-Three-Years-On-WEB-AA-2.pdf.aspx?ext=.pdf Shelf Number: 156065 Keywords: Australia Domestic Violence Gender and Crime Intimate Partner Violence Violence Against Women and Children

Author: Deloitte Access Economics Title: The economic cost of violence against children and young people Summary: In 2016-17, there were an estimated 154,302 cases of violence against children and young people aged 0-24 years in NSW costing a total of $11.2 billion. Of this total, approximately $2.3 billion was borne by NSW state government departments, $600 million by the Federal government and $8.2 billion by individuals and the broader NSW community. Violence against children and young people aged 0-24 years are pervasive child protection, public health and human rights issues. According to the World Health Organization, for infants and younger children, violence mainly involves child abuse and maltreatment (i.e. physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect), and usually by parents, caregivers or other authority figures. In recent years, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that tens of thousands of children have been sexually abused in many Australian institutions, including where they reside or attend for educational, recreational, sporting, religious or cultural activities. As children reach adolescence, violence usually takes the form of peer violence (including bullying and gang violence) and intimate partner violence in addition to child maltreatment. There has also been an increasing awareness of other types of emotional abuse such as cyberbullying, witnessing of acts of violence or living in a home where violence is inflicted upon others. Research suggests that these all potentially have long-lasting impacts on a child or young person�s social development, physical health and mental wellbeing. In July 2016, the NSW Government launched the inaugural legislated whole-of-government Strategic Plan for Children and Young People. The aim is to ensure children and young people in NSW have opportunities to thrive, get the services they need and have their voice heard. The Plan contains six key priorities including ensuring children and young people are safe, connected, treated with respect, have relevant skills for life, are healthy and well, and are empowered to be involved in the decisions that affect them. As part of the keeping children and young people safe priority, the objective is to ensure they are free from abuse, neglect, violence and serious injury. This includes children and young people that experience domestic and family violence, and who are in or at risk of entering the child protection system. Details: Strawberry Hills, NSW: Office of the Advocate for Children and Young People, State of NSW, 2019. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 26, 2019 at: https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019/06/apo-nid242911-1367481.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019/06/apo-nid242911-1367481.pdf Shelf Number: 156633 Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Protection Child Sexual Abuse Costs of Violence Domestic Violence Economics of Crime Violence Against Children

Author: Ninnes, Peter, ed. Title: Preventing domestic and family violence: Action research reports from five Australian local government councils Summary: The purpose of this volume is to document the use of action research in evaluating domestic and family violence (DFV) prevention activities in local government authorities (LGAs) around Australia. The volume is intended for DFV prevention practitioners in local government and other community services. It provides insights into DFV prevention work in the local government context. It also demonstrates the use of action research as a means of integrating evaluation processes and continuous improvement into everyday DFV prevention work. The reports in this volume arose from the work of five LGAs around Australia that trialled the draft Local council domestic and family violence prevention toolkit ("the toolkit"). The toolkit was developed by Palladium under contract to the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS). The reports cover work undertaken both within council organisations and with the community, including: Creative arts activities undertaken in the City of Charles Sturt (South Australia) to raise awareness of the prevalence and impact of domestic and family violence; Community engagement activities initiated by Latrobe City Council (Victoria) to promote understanding of the drivers of domestic and family violence and preventative actions; A staff training program run by Mackay Regional Council (Queensland) to build the knowledge and understanding of DFV and bystander action among staff members and community leaders; A staff gender equality survey developed and administered by the City of Mandurah (Western Australia), which focused on understanding attitudes among staff; and A gender audit of theatre programs offered by Riverside Theatre, a council facility in the City of Parramatta (NSW). Details: Sydney: Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety Limited (ANROWS), 2019. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Anrows Institute Issue 3: Accessed July 16, 2019 at: https://d2rn9gno7zhxqg.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/24000208/Preventing_DFV_AR_from_5_LGC_IN6.19.1.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Australia URL: https://d2rn9gno7zhxqg.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/24000208/Preventing_DFV_AR_from_5_LGC_IN6.19.1.pdf Shelf Number: 156903 Keywords: Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence Violence Prevention